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Can transcranial direct current stimulation enhance outcomes from cognitive training? A randomized controlled trial in healthy participants
Open accessAbstract
Computer-administered cognitive training (CT) tasks are a common component of cognitive remediation treatments. There is growing evidence that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), when given during cognitive tasks, improves performance. This randomized, controlled trial explored the potential synergistic effects of CT combined with tDCS in healthy participants. Altogether, 60 healthy participants were randomized to receive either active or sham tDCS administered during training on an adaptive CT task (dual n-back task), or tDCS alone, over 10 daily sessions. Cognitive testing (working memory, processing speed, executive function, reaction time) was conducted at baseline, end of the 10 sessions, and at 4-wk follow-up to examine potential transfer effects to non-trained tasks. Altogether, 54 participants completed the study. Over the 10 ‘online’ sessions, participants in the active tDCS+CT condition performed more accurately on the CT task than participants who received sham tDCS+CT. The performance enhancing effect, however, was present only during tDCS and did not result in greater learning (i.e. improvement over sessions) on the CT task. These results confirm prior reports of enhancement of cognitive function during tDCS stimulation. At follow-up, the active tDCS+CT group, but not the sham tDCS+CT group, showed greater gains on a non-trained test of attention and working memory than the tDCS-only group (p < 0.01). Although this gain can mainly be attributable to training, this result suggests that active tDCS may have a role in further enhancing outcomes.
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Combining tDCS with cognitive training has demonstrated additive effects on cognitive and functional abilities in younger and older adults.
“Combining tDCS with cognitive training has demonstrated additive effects on cognitive and functional abilities in younger [30–32] and older adults [33–36].”
From Primary outcome from the augmenting cognitive training in older adults study (ACT): A tDCS and cognitive training randomized clinical trial (2023) · cites this paper as [32]
The Discussion reports better accuracy during training with active tDCS than with sham tDCS, but says this effect did not produce greater learning or persist after stimulation. It also says the study could not demonstrate that active tDCS enhanced transfer effects from cognitive training. The Participants and Assessment of transfer effects sections describe healthy university students and cognitive tests, not outcomes for older adults or functional abilities. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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Metadata
- Authors
- Martin, D. M., Liu, R., Alonzo, A., Green, M., Player, M. J., Sachdev, P., & Loo, C. K.
- Affiliations
- Black Dog Institute (AU)
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Loo, Colleen K.
- ORCID
- Venue
- International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2013-10-01
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1927-1936
- ISSN
- 1461-1457 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-5111
- OpenAlex
- W2133502370
- Cited by
- 218
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 4
- FWCI
- 10.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UNSWorks (University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- UNSWorks (UNSW Sydney) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Pfizer
- National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Keywords
- transcranial direct current stimulation, cognitive training, cognitive remediation, dual n-back task, working memory, transfer effects, attention, processing speed, executive function, reaction time, healthy volunteers, sham stimulation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Analysis of Variance, Brain, Cognition, Electric Stimulation Therapy, Female, Humans, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Neuropsychological Tests, New South Wales, Reaction Time, Time Factors, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Chi-Square Distribution, Young Adult, Executive Function, Healthy Volunteers
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