The DOI matches its Crossref record; 41 of the 43 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Imagery Rescripting of Early Traumatic Memories in Social Phobia
Open accessAbstract
Negative self-images appear to play a role in the maintenance of social phobia and research suggests they are often linked to earlier memories of socially traumatic events. Imagery rescripting is a clinical intervention that aims to update such unpleasant or traumatic memories, and is increasingly being incorporated in cognitive behavioral therapy programs. In previous research, we have found that imagery rescripting was superior to a control condition in terms of its beneficial effects on negative beliefs, image and memory distress, fear of negative evaluation, and anxiety in social situations. In this article, we describe our imagery rescripting procedure. We consider the importance of updating negative imagery in social phobia, the theoretical basis for imagery rescripting, directions for future research, and how to conduct imagery rescripting, including potential problems and their solutions.
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“Preliminary research has also shown promising results of clinical interventions that specifically focus on threat imagery in anxiety disorders, such as imagery rescripting [34–37] or EMDR therapy [38–40].”
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“Individuals with anxiety disorders are often bothered by intrusive thoughts and images.”
From Changes in perceived centrality of anxious events following cognitive behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder and panic disorder (2018) · cites this paper as Wild & Clark, 2011
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Cites
Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1974) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.185.4157.1124 · Cited by 28,810 · cited 1×
“Fourth, negative imagery facilitates selective retrieval of negative memories (Stopa & Jenkins, 2007) and there is evidence that judgments about the future probability of an event are influenced by the accessibility in memory of past instances (Tversky & Kahneman, 1974).”
BackgroundJudgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases
Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1975) · Utility, Probability, and Human Decision Making · doi:10.1007/978-94-010-1834-0_8 · Cited by 22,650
A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder
Ehlers, A., & Clark, D. M. (2000) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(99)00123-0 · Cited by 6,147
Self-citationA cognitive-behavioral model of anxiety in social phobia
Rapee, R. M., & Heimberg, R. G. (1997) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(97)00022-3 · Cited by 2,987 · cited 1×
“Second, negative imagery motivates patients to use safety-seeking behaviors, which can interfere with their social performance and make them appear less interested in other people than they really are (Alden & Taylor, 2004; Clark & Wells, 1995; Hirsch, Meynen, & Clark, 2004; Rapee & Heimberg, 1997).”
BackgroundIntegration of the cognitive and the psychodynamic unconscious
Epstein, S. (1994) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.49.8.709 · Cited by 2,883 · cited 1×
“Finally, conducting much of the procedure in imagery may be beneficial: it may engender the experience of having had a concrete experience (Epstein, 1994).”
BackgroundA cognitive model of social phobia
Adrian Wells, A. (1995) · Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) · Cited by 2,701
A Bio‐Informational Theory of Emotional Imagery
Lang, P. J. (1979) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1979.tb01511.x · Cited by 1,750
Social phobia: Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment
Franklin, M. E. (1996) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/s0272-7358(96)00036-0 · Cited by 1,389
Giesen-Bloo, J., van Dyck, R., Spinhoven, P., van Tilburg, W., Dirksen, C., van Asselt, T., Kremers, I., Nadort, M., & Arntz, A. (2006) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.63.6.649 · Cited by 1,248 · cited 1×
“Imagery rescripting techniques have been used as major components of CBT programs for borderline personality disorder (Giesen-Bloo et al., 2006), bulimia (Cooper, Todd, & Turner, 2007), and posttraumatic stress disorder arising from childhood sexual abuse (Smucker & Neiderdee, 1995).”
MethodSocial phobia : diagnosis, assessment, and treatment
Heimberg, R. G. (1995) · Guilford Press eBooks · Cited by 1,067
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Emotion regulation in schema therapy and dialectical behavior therapy.
Fassbinder, E., Schweiger, U., Martius, D., Brand-de Wilde, O., & Arntz, A. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01373 · Cited by 163
Virtual reality in the treatment of eating disorders
Riva, G., Malighetti, C., & Serino, S. (2021) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2622 · Cited by 139
Better, Virtually: the Past, Present, and Future of Virtual Reality Cognitive Behavior Therapy
Lindner, P. (2021) · International Journal of Cognitive Therapy · doi:10.1007/s41811-020-00090-7 · Cited by 120
Clark, D. M., Wild, J., Warnock-Parkes, E., Stott, R., Grey, N., Thew, G., & Ehlers, A. (2023) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291722002008 · Cited by 88
“…negative predictions while dropping their safety behaviours and focusing externally; (g) decatas-trophizing exercises; and (h) techniques (discrimination training and memory rescripting) for reducing the impact of early socially Psychological Medicine traumatic memories (see Wild and Clark, 2011).”
Self-citationLindner, P., Hamilton, W., Miloff, A., & Carlbring, P. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00792 · Cited by 90
“A related type of cognitive exercise well-suited for the VR modality is imagery rescripting (31, 32) and positive imagery training (33).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Wild, J., & Clark, D. M.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Wild, Jennifer
- Venue
- Cognitive and Behavioral Practice
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-11
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 433-443
- ISSN
- 1077-7229 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3267018
- OpenAlex
- W2028662332
- Cited by
- 147
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 9.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cognitive and Behavioral Practice (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (069777)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- imagery rescripting, social anxiety disorder, traumatic memory, negative self-concept, cognitive behavioral therapy, fear of negative evaluation, memory updating, anxiety
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