Microbiology of Dental Plaque Biofilms and Their Role in Oral Health and Caries
Abstract
Dental plaque is the biofilm found naturally on teeth. Dental plaque is also implicated in dental caries, which is associated with shifts in the microbial balance of the biofilm resulting in increased proportions of acid producing and acid tolerating bacteria, especially (but not exclusively) mutans streptococci and lactobacilli. The regular intake of fermentable dietary sugars, or impaired saliva flow, produces persistent conditions of low pH within the biofilm, which selects for these cariogenic bacteria. Clinicians should prevent this disruption to the natural microbial balance of the biofilm (relevant approaches are described) rather than merely treating its consequences by restoring cavities.
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The Industrial Revolution saw the production of refined grain and concentrated sugar, generating mono- and disaccharides that are the main substrates for microbial fermentation that lowers plaque pH and causes enamel demineralization.
“The Industrial Revolution saw the production of refined grain and concentrated sugar from processed sugar beet and cane9, generating mono- and disaccharides, which are the main substrates for microbial fermentation that lowers plaque pH and cause enamel demineralization26.”
From Sequencing ancient calcified dental plaque shows changes in oral microbiota with dietary shifts of the Neolithic and Industrial revolutions (2013) · cites this paper as [26]
Caries and periodontal disease are polymicrobial, plaque-mediated infections thought to result from perturbation of a healthy, ecologically balanced oral biofilm that can occur from dietary changes such as increased consumption of fermentable carbohydrates.
“Caries and periodontal disease are both polymicrobial, plaque-mediated infections, thought to result from perturbation of a healthy, ecologically balanced oral biofilm23,24 that can occur from dietary changes, such as the increased consumption of fermentable carbohydrates25,26.”
From Sequencing ancient calcified dental plaque shows changes in oral microbiota with dietary shifts of the Neolithic and Industrial revolutions (2013) · cites this paper as [26]
The impact of farming on the oral ecosystem is thought to be caused by increased amounts of soft carbohydrate foods compared with hunter-gatherer diets.
“This is thought to be caused by increased amounts of soft carbohydrate foods compared with hunter-gatherer diets26.”
From Sequencing ancient calcified dental plaque shows changes in oral microbiota with dietary shifts of the Neolithic and Industrial revolutions (2013) · cites this paper as [26]
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- Authors
- Marsh, P. D.
- Affiliations
- Health Protection Agency (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Marsh, Philip D.
- ORCID
- Marsh, Philip D.
- Venue
- Dental Clinics of North America
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-07
- Volume
- 54
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 441-454
- ISSN
- 0011-8532 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1983606482
- Cited by
- 372
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 15.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Dental Clinics of North America (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Dental Health and Care Utilization
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing
- Keywords
- dental plaque, biofilm, dental caries, oral microbiota, mutans streptococci, lactobacilli, acidogenic bacteria, dietary sugar, salivary flow, biofilm pH, dental caries prevention, oral health
- MeSH terms
- Bacteria, Dental Caries, Dental Plaque, Humans, Mouth, Oral Health, Biofilms, Microbial Interactions
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