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Identification of a Physiologically Relevant Endogenous Ligand for PPARα in Liver
Open accessAbstract
Summary PPARα is activated by drugs to treat human disorders of lipid metabolism. Its endogenous ligand is unknown. PPARα-dependent gene expression is impaired with inactivation of fatty acid synthase (FAS), suggesting that FAS is involved in generation of a PPARα ligand. Here we demonstrate the FAS-dependent presence of a phospholipid bound to PPARα isolated from mouse liver. Binding was increased under conditions that induce FAS activity and displaced by systemic injection of a PPARα agonist. Mass spectrometry identified the species as 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine (16:0/18:1-GPC). Knockdown of CEPT1, required for phosphatidylcholine synthesis, suppressed PPARα-dependent gene expression. Interaction of 16:0/18:1-GPC with the PPARα ligand binding domain and co-activator peptide motifs was comparable to PPARα agonists, but interactions with PPARδ were weak and none were detected with PPARγ. Portal vein infusion of 16:0/18:1-GPC induced PPARα-dependent gene expression and decreased hepatic steatosis. These data suggest that 16:0/18:1-GPC is a physiologically relevant endogenous PPARα ligand.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Chakravarthy, M. V., Lodhi, I. J., Yin, L., Malapaka, R. R. V., Xu, H. E., Turk, J., & Semenkovich, C. F.
- Venue
- Cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-08
- Volume
- 138
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 476-488
- ISSN
- 0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2148403724
- Cited by
- 533
- References
- 3
- FWCI
- 12.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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