Peroxisomes: A Nexus for Lipid Metabolism and Cellular Signaling
Open accessAbstract
Peroxisomes are often dismissed as the cellular hoi polloi, relegated to cleaning up reactive oxygen chemical debris discarded by other organelles. However, their functions extend far beyond hydrogen peroxide metabolism. Peroxisomes are intimately associated with lipid droplets and mitochondria, and their ability to carry out fatty acid oxidation and lipid synthesis, especially the production of ether lipids, may be critical for generating cellular signals required for normal physiology. Here, we review the biology of peroxisomes and their potential relevance to human disorders including cancer, obesity-related diabetes, and degenerative neurologic disease.
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PPARA is an important regulator of lipid metabolism and a ligand-activated transcription factor that increases expression of fatty acid oxidation genes and peroxisome abundance in the liver.
“PPARA, a member of peroxisomes proliferator‐activated receptors (PPARs), is considered as an important regulator of lipid metabolism, and as a ligand‐activated transcription factor, it not only increases the expression of fatty acid oxidation genes, but also increases the abundance of peroxisomes in the liver.[ 21 ]”
From Capsaicin Alleviates Autophagy‐Lysosomal Dysfunction via PPARA‐Mediated V‐ATPase Subunit ATP6V0E1 Signaling in 3xTg‐AD Mice (2025) · cites this paper as [21]
Peroxisomes are single-membrane-bound organelles required for a subset of metabolic pathways, including ether lipid synthesis and very-long-chain fatty acid oxidation.
“Peroxisomes are single-membrane-bound organelles required for a subset of metabolic pathways, including ether lipid synthesis and very-long-chain fatty acid oxidation (1).”
From Peroxisomal integrity in demyelination-associated microglia enables cellular debris clearance and myelin renewal in mice (2026) · cites this paper as [1]
The peroxisome is the central site for processing fatty acid alcohols, producing diacylphospholipids or ether-linked phospholipids.
“The peroxisome is the central site of fatty acid alcohol processing (52), which generates either diacylphospholipids or ether-linked phospholipids.”
From Oxalic acid and diacylglycerol 36:3 are cross-species markers of sleep debt (2015) · cites this paper as [52]
The role of peroxisomal ABC transporters is not restricted to the catabolic function of peroxisomes but is associated with various metabolic functions including synthesis and degradation of lipids, cell signaling, inflammation control, and redox homeostasis.
“The role of peroxisomal ABC transporters is therefore not restricted to the catabolic function of peroxisomes, but is fully associated with their various metabolic functions including synthesis and degradation of lipids, cell signaling, inflammation control, and redox homeostasis [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ].”
From Peroxisomal ABC Transporters: An Update (2021) · cites this paper as [11]
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- Authors
- Lodhi, I. J., & Semenkovich, C. F.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lodhi, Irfan J.
- Semenkovich, Clay F.
- Venue
- Cell Metabolism
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-03
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 380-392
- ISSN
- 1550-4131 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3951609
- OpenAlex
- W2061013234
- Cited by
- 605
- References
- 119
- Citations by year
- 2026: 82 · 2025: 68 · 2024: 69 · 2023: 64 · 2022: 51 · 2021: 52 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 56 · 2018: 43 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 8
- FWCI
- 2.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5p60dk020579-35)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK-076729, DK20579, DK56341, R01DK088083, K99DK094874, R01DK076729, R00DK094874, DK088083, P60-DK-020579, P30DK056341, P30DK020579, T32DK007120)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Clinical Biochemistry › Metabolism and Genetic Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer, Lipids, and Metabolism
- Keywords
- peroxisomes, lipid metabolism, signal transduction, lipid droplets, mitochondria, fatty acid oxidation, ether lipids, reactive oxygen species, cancer, obesity-related diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases
- MeSH terms
- Fatty Acids, Humans, Mitochondria, Phospholipid Ethers, Signal Transduction, Adipocytes, Peroxisomal Disorders, Peroxisomes, PPAR gamma, Lipid Metabolism
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