The gut microbiota modulates host energy and lipid metabolism in mice
Open accessAbstract
The gut microbiota has recently been identified as an environmental factor that may promote metabolic diseases. To investigate the effect of gut microbiota on host energy and lipid metabolism, we compared the serum metabolome and the lipidomes of serum, adipose tissue, and liver of conventionally raised (CONV-R) and germ-free mice. The serum metabolome of CONV-R mice was characterized by increased levels of energy metabolites, e.g., pyruvic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, and malic acid, while levels of cholesterol and fatty acids were reduced. We also showed that the microbiota modified a number of lipid species in the serum, adipose tissue, and liver, with its greatest effect on triglyceride and phosphatidylcholine species. Triglyceride levels were lower in serum but higher in adipose tissue and liver of CONV-R mice, consistent with increased lipid clearance. Our findings show that the gut microbiota affects both host energy and lipid metabolism and highlights its role in the development of metabolic diseases.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The gut microbiota affects lipid composition in host tissues and serum and increases clearance of triglycerides from the circulation.
“Furthermore, lipidomics analysis of GF and CONV-R mice fed a regular chow diet showed that the gut microbiota affects lipid composition in host tissues and serum and increases clearance of triglycerides from the circulation [30].”
From Dietary lipids, gut microbiota and lipid metabolism (2019) · cites this paper as [30]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Host-Bacterial Mutualism in the Human Intestine
Bäckhed, F., Ley, R. E., Sonnenburg, J. L., Peterson, D. A., & Gordon, J. I. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1104816 · Cited by 5,277 · see citing works
The gut flora as a forgotten organ
O'Hara, A. M., & Shanahan, F. (2006) · The EMBO Reports · doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7400731 · Cited by 2,791 · see citing works
Mechanisms underlying the resistance to diet-induced obesity in germ-free mice
Bäckhed, F., Manchester, J. K., Semenkovich, C. F., & Gordon, J. I. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0605374104 · Cited by 2,615 · see citing works
Self-citationMolecular Analysis of Commensal Host-Microbial Relationships in the Intestine
Hooper, L. V., Wong, M. H., Thelin, A., Hansson, L., Falk, P. G., & Gordon, J. I. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.291.5505.881 · Cited by 2,202 · see citing works
SIMPLS: An alternative approach to partial least squares regression
de Jong, S. (1993) · Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems · doi:10.1016/0169-7439(93)85002-x · Cited by 1,905 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 7
- Ley , R. E. , F. Backhed , P. Turnbaugh , C. A. Lozupone , R. D. Knight , and J. I. Gordon . 2005 . Obesity alters gut microbial ecology. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA . 102 : 11070 -11075 .
- Li , M. , B. Wang , M. Zhang , M. Rantalainen , S. Wang , H. Zhou , Y. Zhang , J. Shen , X. Pang , H. Wei , et al . 2008 . Symbiotic gut mi- crobes modulate human metabolic phenotypes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA . 105 : 2117 -2122 .
- Bäckhed , F. , H. Ding , T. Wang , L. V. Hooper , G. Y. Koh , A. Nagy , C. F. Semenkovich , and J. I. Gordon . 2004 . The gut microbiota as an environmental factor that regulates fat storage. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA . 101 : 15718 -15723 .
- Wikoff , W. R. , A. T. Anfora , J. Liu , P. G. Schultz , S. A. Lesley , E. C. Peters , and G. Siuzdak . 2009 . Metabolomics analysis reveals large effects of gut microfl ora on mammalian blood metabolites. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA . 106 : 3698 -3703 .
- Tashjian , A. H. , Jr ., E. J. Armstrong , J. N. Galanter , A. W. Armstrong , R. A. Arnaout , and H. S. Rose . 2005 . Pharmacology of the bacte- rial cell wall. In Principles of Pharmacology: The Pathophysiologic Basis of Drug Therapy. D. E. Golan, editor. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore . 569.
- Abrams , G. D. , and J. E. Bishop . 1967 . Effect of the normal micro- bial fl ora on gastrointestinal motility. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 126 : 301 -304 .
- Crawford , P. A. , J. R. Crowley , N. Sambandam , B. D. Muegge , E. K. Costello , M. Hamady , R. Knight , and J. I. Gordon . 2009 . Regulation of myocardial ketone body metabolism by the gut mi- crobiota during nutrient deprivation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA . 106 : 11276 -11281 .
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Functional interactions between the gut microbiota and host metabolism
Tremaroli, V., & Bäckhed, F. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11552 · Cited by 4,387 · see citing works
Self-citationRole of the normal gut microbiota
Jandhyala, S. M. (2015) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v21.i29.8787 · Cited by 3,001 · see citing works
The gut microbiota influences blood-brain barrier permeability in mice
Braniste, V., Al-Asmakh, M., Kowal, C., Anuar, F., Abbaspour, A., Tóth, M., Korecka, A., Bakocevic, N., Ng, L. G., Kundu, P., et al. (2014) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3009759 · Cited by 2,530 · see citing works
Neufeld, K. M., Kang, N., Bienenstock, J., & Foster, J. A. (2011) · Neurogastroenterology & Motility · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2982.2010.01620.x · Cited by 1,392 · see citing works
Human oral, gut, and plaque microbiota in patients with atherosclerosis
Koren, O., Spor, A., Felin, J., Fåk, F., Stombaugh, J., Tremaroli, V., Behre, C. J., Knight, R., Fagerberg, B., Ley, R. E., et al. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1011383107 · Cited by 1,196 · see citing works
Self-citationDietary lipids, gut microbiota and lipid metabolism
Schoeler, M., & Caesar, R. (2019) · Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1007/s11154-019-09512-0 · Cited by 1,163 · see citing works
Control of brain development, function, and behavior by the microbiome
Sampson, T. R., & Mazmanian, S. K. (2015) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2015.04.011 · Cited by 1,093 · see citing works
Caesar, R., Tremaroli, V., Kovatcheva-Datchary, P., Cani, P. D., & Bäckhed, F. (2015) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2015.07.026 · Cited by 960 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Gut Microbiome Contributes to a Substantial Proportion of the Variation in Blood Lipids
Fu, J., Bonder, M. J., Cenit, M. C., Tigchelaar, E. F., Maatman, A., Dekens, J. A. M., Brandsma, E., Marczynska, J., Imhann, F., Weersma, R. K., et al. (2015) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.115.306807 · Cited by 748 · see citing works
Beneficial metabolic effects of a probiotic via butyrate-induced GLP-1 hormone secretion
Yadav, H., Lee, J.-H., Lloyd, J., Walter, P., & Rane, S. G. (2013) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m113.452516 · Cited by 709 · see citing works
Fröhlich, E. E., Farzi, A., Mayerhofer, R., Reichmann, F., Jačan, A., Wagner, B., Zinser, E., Bordag, N., Magnes, C., Fröhlich, E., et al. (2016) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2016.02.020 · Cited by 720 · see citing works
Queipo-Ortuño, M. I., Boto-Ordóñez, M., Murri, M., Gomez-Zumaquero, J. M., Clemente-Postigo, M., Estruch, R., Cardona Diaz, F., Andrés-Lacueva, C., & Tinahones, F. J. (2012) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.111.027847 · Cited by 671 · see citing works
A microfluidics-based in vitro model of the gastrointestinal human–microbe interface
Shah, P., Fritz, J. V., Glaab, E., Desai, M. S., Greenhalgh, K., Frachet, A., Niegowska, M., Estes, M., Jäger, C., Seguin-Devaux, C., et al. (2016) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms11535 · Cited by 660 · see citing works
Interactions Between Gut Microbiota and Host Metabolism Predisposing to Obesity and Diabetes
Musso, G., Gambino, R., & Cassader, M. (2011) · Annual Review of Medicine · doi:10.1146/annurev-med-012510-175505 · Cited by 598 · see citing works
The gut microbiota influences skeletal muscle mass and function in mice
Lahiri, S., Kim, H., Garcia-Perez, I., Reza, M. M., Martin, K. A., Kundu, P., Cox, L. M., Selkrig, J., Posma, J. M., Zhang, H., et al. (2019) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aan5662 · Cited by 580 · see citing works
Poroyko, V. A., Carreras, A., Khalyfa, A., Khalyfa, A. A., Leone, V., Peris, E., Almendros, I., Gileles-Hillel, A., Qiao, Z., Hubert, N., et al. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep35405 · Cited by 480 · see citing works
Dysbiosis of gut microbiota and microbial metabolites in Parkinson's disease
Sun, M.-F., & Shen, Y.-Q. (2018) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2018.04.004 · Cited by 445 · see citing works
Bajaj, J. S., Heuman, D. M., Sanyal, A. J., Hylemon, P. B., Sterling, R. K., Stravitz, R. T., Fuchs, M., Ridlon, J. M., Daita, K., Monteith, P., et al. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0060042 · Cited by 430 · see citing works
Colonization-induced host-gut microbial metabolic interaction
Claus, S. P., Ellero, S. L., Berger, B., Krause, L., Bruttin, A., Molina, J., Paris, A., Want, E. J., de Waziers, I., Cloarec, O., et al. (2011) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.00271-10 · Cited by 414 · see citing works
The gut microbiota modulates host amino acid and glutathione metabolism in mice
Mardinoglu, A., Shoaie, S., Bergentall, M., Ghaffari, P., Zhang, C., Larsson, E., Bäckhed, F., & Nielsen, J. (2015) · Molecular Systems Biology · doi:10.15252/msb.20156487 · Cited by 383 · see citing works
Self-citationGut microbial molecules in behavioural and neurodegenerative conditions
Needham, B. D., Kaddurah-Daouk, R., & Mazmanian, S. K. (2020) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-020-00381-0 · Cited by 379 · see citing works
The gut microbiota promotes hepatic fatty acid desaturation and elongation in mice
Kindt, A., Liebisch, G., Clavel, T., Haller, D., Hörmannsperger, G., Yoon, H., Kolmeder, D., Sigruener, A., Krautbauer, S., Seeliger, C., et al. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-05767-4 · Cited by 311 · see citing works
Microbiome effects on immunity, health and disease in the lung
Shukla, S. D., Budden, K. F., Neal, R., & Hansbro, P. M. (2017) · Clinical & Translational Immunology · doi:10.1038/cti.2017.6 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Microbial modulation of insulin sensitivity
Khan, M. T., Nieuwdorp, M., & Bäckhed, F. (2014) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2014.07.006 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Self-citationThe diverse metabolic roles of peripheral serotonin
Martin, A. M., Young, R. L., Leong, L., Rogers, G. B., Spencer, N. J., Jessup, C. F., & Keating, D. J. (2017) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2016-1839 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Contributions of intestinal bacteria to nutrition and metabolism in the critically ill
Morowitz, M. J., Carlisle, E. M., & Alverdy, J. C. (2011) · Surgical Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.suc.2011.05.001 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Schéle, E., Grahnemo, L., Anesten, F., Hallén, A., Bäckhed, F., & Jansson, J.-O. (2013) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2012-2151 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Self-citationChidambaram, S. B., Essa, M. M., Rathipriya, A. G., Bishir, M., Ray, B., Mahalakshmi, A. M., Tousif, A. H., Sakharkar, M. K., Kashyap, R. S., Friedland, R. P., et al. (2022) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107988 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Roager, H. M., Licht, T. R., Poulsen, S. K., Larsen, T. M., & Bahl, M. I. (2014) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.03549-13 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Increased oral detection, but decreased intestinal signaling for fats in mice lacking gut microbiota
Duca, F. A., Swartz, T. D., Sakar, Y., & Covasa, M. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0039748 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Faecal bacterial and short-chain fatty acids signature in hypercholesterolemia
Granado-Serrano, A. B., Martín-Garí, M., Sánchez, V., Riart Solans, M., Berdún, R., Ludwig, I. A., Rubió, L., Vilaprinyó, E., Portero-Otín, M., & Serrano, J. C. E. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-38874-3 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Manca, C., Boubertakh, B., Leblanc, N., Deschênes, T., Lacroix, S., Martin, C., Houde, A., Veilleux, A., Flamand, N., Muccioli, G. G., et al. (2020) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.ra119000424 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Bahr, S. M., Weidemann, B. J., Castro, A. N., Walsh, J. W., deLeon, O., Burnett, C. M. L., Pearson, N. A., Murry, D. J., Grobe, J. L., & Kirby, J. R. (2015) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.10.018 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
The role of the microbiome in the neurobiology of social behaviour
Sarkar, A., Harty, S., Johnson, K. V. ‐., Moeller, A. H., Carmody, R. N., Lehto, S. M., Erdman, S. E., Dunbar, R. I. M., & Burnet, P. W. J. (2020) · Biological Reviews · doi:10.1111/brv.12603 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Probiotics, prebiotics, and the host microbiome: the science of translation
Petschow, B., Doré, J., Hibberd, P., Dinan, T., Reid, G., Blaser, M., Cani, P. D., Degnan, F. H., Foster, J., Gibson, G., et al. (2013) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.12303 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Changes in Gut Microbiota by Chronic Stress Impair the Efficacy of Fluoxetine
Siopi, E., Chevalier, G., Katsimpardi, L., Saha, S., Bigot, M., Moigneu, C., Eberl, G., & Lledo, P.-M. (2020) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.099 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Yan, X., Feng, B., Li, P., Tang, Z., & Wang, L. (2016) · Journal of Diabetes Research · doi:10.1155/2016/2093171 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Gut microbiota modulate the metabolism of brown adipose tissue in mice
Mestdagh, R., Dumas, M.-E., Rezzi, S., Kochhar, S., Holmes, E., Claus, S. P., & Nicholson, J. K. (2012) · Journal of Proteome Research · doi:10.1021/pr200938v · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Sato, H., Zhang, L. S., Martinez, K., Chang, E. B., Yang, Q., Wang, F., Howles, P. N., Hokari, R., Miura, S., & Tso, P. (2016) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2016.07.009 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Paun, A., & Danska, J. S. (2016) · Pediatric Diabetes · doi:10.1111/pedi.12424 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
McGlinchey, A., Sinioja, T., Lamichhane, S., Sen, P., Bodin, J., Siljander, H., Dickens, A. M., Geng, D., Carlsson, C., Duberg, D., et al. (2020) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2020.105935 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Self-citationThakkar, P. N., Patel, A., Modi, H. A., & Prajapati, J. B. (2020) · Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins · doi:10.1007/s12602-019-09622-w · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Functional food addressing heart health: do we have to target the gut microbiota?
Ryan, P. M., Ross, R. P., Fitzgerald, G. F., Caplice, N. M., & Stanton, C. (2015) · Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care · doi:10.1097/mco.0000000000000224 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
- Authors
- Velagapudi, V. R., Hezaveh, R., Reigstad, C. S., Gopalacharyulu, P., Yetukuri, L., Islam, S., Felin, J., Perkins, R., Borén, J., Orešič, M., & Bäckhed, F.
- Affiliations
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland (FI)
- University of Gothenburg (SE)
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Bäckhed, Fredrik
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Lipid Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-05
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1101-1112
- ISSN
- 0022-2275 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2853437
- OpenAlex
- W2136778785
- Cited by
- 589
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 52 · 2018: 45 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 46 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 34
- FWCI
- 8.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Lipid Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Västra Götalandsregionen
- European Commission (222639)
- Stiftelsen för Strategisk Forskning
- Vetenskapsrådet
- FP7 Food, Agriculture and Fisheries, Biotechnology
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, germ-free mice, serum metabolome, lipidome, triglycerides, phosphatidylcholine, adipose tissue, liver, cholesterol, fatty acids, metabolic disorders
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Chylomicrons, Energy Metabolism, Germ-Free Life, Intestinal Absorption, Liver, Male, Phosphatidylcholines, Mass Spectrometry, Tricarboxylic Acids, Triglycerides, Pyruvic Acid, Gastrointestinal Tract, Lipid Metabolism, Mice, Adipocytes, White, Metagenome, Metabolome
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
