Paused RNA Polymerase II as a Developmental Checkpoint

Levine, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.04.021

Cited by 288Genomics and Chromatin DynamicsDevelopmental Biology and Gene RegulationRNA Research and Splicing

Paused RNA Polymerase II as a Developmental Checkpoint

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Levine, Michael·2011·Cell

DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2011.04.021PMC PMC4257488

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Abstract

The textbook view of gene activation is that the rate-limiting step is the interaction of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) with the gene's promoter. However, studies in a variety of systems, including human embryonic stem cells and the early Drosophila embryo, have begun to challenge this view. There is increasing evidence that differential gene expression often depends on the regulation of transcription elongation via the release of Pol II from the proximal promoter. I review the implications of this mechanism of gene activation with respect to the orderly unfolding of complex gene networks governing animal development.

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Evidence of promoter-proximal pausing indicates some form of post-initiation regulation.
“This is consistent with evidence of promoter-proximal pausing which indicates some form of post-initiation regulation144–146.”
From Molecular regulation of stem cell quiescence (2013) · cites this paper as [146]
In various cell types, including ES cells, Pol II often occupies promoter regions and not the gene body.
“In various cell types, including ES cells, Pol II often occupies promoter regions and not the gene body.”
From Molecular regulation of stem cell quiescence (2013) · cites this paper as [146]

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Authors: Levine, M.
Affiliations: University of California, Berkeley (US)
Corresponding author: Levine, Michael
ORCID: Levine, Michael
Venue: Cell
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2011-05
Volume: 145
Issue: 4
Pages: 502-511
ISSN: 0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2011.04.021
PMC: PMC4257488
OpenAlex: W1986388692
Cited by: 288
References: 87
Citations by year: 2026: 12 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 42 · 2012: 35
FWCI: 3.48
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 808 d)
Locations: Cell (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM034431)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Research and Splicing
Keywords: RNA polymerase II, transcription elongation, promoter-proximal pausing, gene activation, developmental checkpoints, gene regulatory networks, embryonic stem cells, Drosophila embryo, developmental gene expression
MeSH terms: Animals, Drosophila melanogaster, Humans, Promoter Regions, Genetic, RNA Polymerase II, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Gene Regulatory Networks, Embryonic Stem Cells

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Paused RNA Polymerase II as a Developmental Checkpoint

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