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The Stromal Intervention: Regulation of Immunity and Inflammation at the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Barrier
Open accessAbstract
The immune system safeguards organ integrity by employing a balancing act of inflammatory and immunosuppressive mechanisms designed to neutralize foreign invaders and resolve injury. Maintaining or restoring a state of immune homeostasis is particularly challenging at barrier sites where constant exposure to immunogenic environmental agents may induce destructive inflammation. Recent studies underscore the role of epithelial and mesenchymal barrier cells in regulating immune cell function and local homeostatic and inflammatory responses. Here, we highlight immunoregulatory circuits engaging epithelial and mesenchymal cells in the intestine, airways, and skin and discuss how immune communications with hematopoietic cells and the microbiota orchestrate local immune homeostasis and inflammation.
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“These three cell types, which we refer to as “structural cells”, have been shown to contribute in important ways to mammalian immunity7–11.”
From Structural cells are key regulators of organ-specific immune responses (2020) · cites this paper as [9]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Nowarski, R., Jackson, R., & Flavell, R. A.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Flavell, Richard A.
- Venue
- Cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-01
- Volume
- 168
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 362-375
- ISSN
- 0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2580798654
- Cited by
- 191
- References
- 129
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 10
- FWCI
- 1.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › IL-33, ST2, and ILC Pathways
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Keywords
- immune regulation, inflammation, immune homeostasis, epithelial cells, mesenchymal cells, hematopoietic cells, microbiota, intestinal immunity, airway immunity, skin immunity
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Epithelial Cells, Epithelium, Homeostasis, Humans, Infections, Inflammation, Intestines, Mesoderm, Respiratory System
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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