Cited by 2,168Immune Response and InflammationInflammasome and immune disordersInvertebrate Immune Response Mechanisms

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Toll-like Receptors and the Control of Immunity

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Fitzgerald, Katherine A., Kagan, Jonathan C.·2020·Cell

DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.041PMC PMC9358771

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Abstract

The study of innate immunity and its link to inflammation and host defense encompasses diverse areas of biology, ranging from genetics and biophysics to signal transduction and physiology. Central to our understanding of these events are the Toll-like receptors (TLRs), an evolutionarily ancient family of pattern recognition receptors. Herein, we describe the mechanisms and consequences of TLR-mediated signal transduction with a focus on themes identified in the TLR pathways that also explain the operation of other immune signaling pathways. These themes include the detection of conserved microbial structures to identify infectious agents and the use of supramolecular organizing centers (SMOCs) as signaling organelles that ensure digital cellular responses. Further themes include mechanisms of inducible gene expression, the coordination of gene regulation and metabolism, and the influence of these activities on adaptive immunity. Studies in these areas have informed the development of next-generation therapeutics, thus ensuring a bright future for research in this area.

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Authors: Fitzgerald, K. A., & Kagan, J. C.
Affiliations: University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School (US)
Boston Children's Hospital (US)
Corresponding author: Fitzgerald, Katherine A.
Kagan, Jonathan C.
ORCID: Fitzgerald, Katherine A.
Kagan, Jonathan C.
Venue: Cell
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2020-03
Volume: 180
Issue: 6
Pages: 1044-1066
ISSN: 0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.041
PMC: PMC9358771
OpenAlex: W3012283572
Cited by: 2,168
References: 272
Citations by year: 2026: 299 · 2025: 392 · 2024: 428 · 2023: 386 · 2022: 343 · 2021: 244 · 2020: 73
FWCI: 25.68
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 383 d)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
Locations: Cell (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
Topics: Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Inflammasome and immune disorders
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Invertebrate Immune Response Mechanisms
Keywords: Toll-like receptors, innate immunity, pattern recognition receptors, inducible gene expression, adaptive immunity, inflammation, host defense, therapeutics
MeSH terms: Animals, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Inflammation, Organelles, Signal Transduction, Toll-Like Receptors, Adaptive Immunity

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Toll-like Receptors and the Control of Immunity

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