The Immunology of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children with COVID-19
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Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is typically very mild and often asymptomatic in children. A complication is the rare multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19, presenting 4-6 weeks after infection as high fever, organ dysfunction, and strongly elevated markers of inflammation. The pathogenesis is unclear but has overlapping features with Kawasaki disease suggestive of vasculitis and a likely autoimmune etiology. We apply systems-level analyses of blood immune cells, cytokines, and autoantibodies in healthy children, children with Kawasaki disease enrolled prior to COVID-19, children infected with SARS-CoV-2, and children presenting with MIS-C. We find that the inflammatory response in MIS-C differs from the cytokine storm of severe acute COVID-19, shares several features with Kawasaki disease, but also differs from this condition with respect to T cell subsets, interleukin (IL)-17A, and biomarkers associated with arterial damage. Finally, autoantibody profiling suggests multiple autoantibodies that could be involved in the pathogenesis of MIS-C.
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MIS-C has distinct immunological features from acute severe adult COVID-19 and Kawasaki disease in circulating cytokine profiles and T cell compartment composition.
“MIS-C has distinct immunological features different from the two with respect to circulating cytokine profiles and composition of the T cell compartment”
From COVID-19 and the human innate immune system (2021) · cites this paper as Consiglio et al., 2020
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- Authors
- Consiglio, C. R., Cotugno, N., Sardh, F., Pou, C., Amodio, D., Rodriguez, L., Tan, Z., Zicari, S., Ruggiero, A., Pascucci, G. R., Santilli, V., Campbell, T., Bryceson, Y., Eriksson, D., Wang, J., Marchesi, A., Lakshmikanth, T., Campana, A., Villani, A., Rossi, P., Landegren, N., Palma, P., & Brodin, P.
- Affiliations
- Science for Life Laboratory (SE)
- University of Rome Tor Vergata (IT)
- Karolinska University Hospital (SE)
- Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital (IT)
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Uppsala University (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Rossi, Paolo
- Landegren, Nils
- Brodin, Petter
- ORCID
- Consiglio, Camila Rosat
- Cotugno, Nicola
- Pou, Christian
- Amodio, Donato
- Rodriguez, Lucie
- Tan, Ziyang
- Zicari, Sonia
- Ruggiero, Alessandra
- Pascucci, Giuseppe Rubens
- Santilli, Veronica
- Campbell, Tessa
- Bryceson, Yenan
- Eriksson, Daniel
- Wang, Jun
- Marchesi, Alessandra
- Lakshmikanth, Tadepally
- Campana, Andrea
- Villani, Alberto
- Rossi, Paolo
- Landegren, Nils
- Palma, Paolo
- Brodin, Petter
- Venue
- Cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-11
- Volume
- 183
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 968-981.e7
- ISSN
- 0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7474869
- OpenAlex
- W3083424448
- Cited by
- 919
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 30 · 2025: 46 · 2024: 89 · 2023: 185 · 2022: 218 · 2021: 311 · 2020: 36 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 171.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- medRxiv (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Cineca Institutional Research Information System (Tor Vergata University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Uppsala University Publications (Uppsala University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Kawasaki Disease and Coronary Complications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Autoimmune and Inflammatory Disorders Research
- Keywords
- multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, Kawasaki disease, vasculitis, autoimmunity, cytokine storm, T cell subsets, IL-17A, autoantibodies, pediatric immunology, blood immune cells
- MeSH terms
- Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Autoantibodies, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome, Pneumonia, Viral, Severity of Illness Index, T-Lymphocyte Subsets, Cytokines, Coronavirus Infections, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Proteome, Principal Component Analysis, Immunity, Humoral, Pandemics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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