Cited by 322SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 ResearchImmune responses and vaccinationsVaccine Coverage and Hesitancy

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Immunogenicity of standard and extended dosing intervals of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine

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Payne, Rebecca P., Longet, Stephanie, Austin, James A., Skelly, Donal T., Dejnirattisai, Wanwisa, Adele, Sandra, Meardon, Naomi, Faustini, Sian, Al-Taei, Saly, Moore, Shona C., Tipton, Tom, Hering, Luisa M., Angyal, Adrienn, Brown, Rebecca, Nicols, Alexander R., Gillson, Natalie, Dobson, Susan L., Amini, Ali, Supasa, Piyada, Cross, Andrew, Bridges-Webb, Alice, Reyes, Laura Silva, Linder, Aline, Sandhar, Gurjinder, Kilby, Jonathan A., Tyerman, Jessica K., Altmann, Thomas, Hornsby, Hailey, Whitham, Rachel, Phillips, Eloise, Malone, Tom, Hargreaves, Alexander, Shields, Adrian, Saei, Ayoub, Foulkes, Sarah, Stafford, Lizzie, Johnson, Sile, Wootton, Daniel G., Conlon, Christopher P., Jeffery, Katie, Matthews, Philippa C., Frater, John, Deeks, Alexandra S., Pollard, Andrew J., Brown, Anthony, Rowland-Jones, Sarah L., Mongkolsapaya, Juthathip, Barnes, Eleanor, Hopkins, Susan, Hall, Victoria, Dold, Christina, Duncan, Christopher J.A., Richter, Alex, Carroll, Miles, Screaton, Gavin, de Silva, Thushan I., Turtle, Lance, Klenerman, Paul, Dunachie, Susanna, Abuelgasim, Hibatullah, Adland, Emily, Adlou, Syed, Akther, Hossain Delowar, Alhussni, Ahmed, Ali, Mohammad, Ansari, M. Azim, Arancibia-Cárcamo, Carolina V., Bayley, Martin, Brown, Helen, Chalk, Jeremy, Chand, Meera, Chawla, Anu, Chinnakannan, Senthil, Cutteridge, Joseph, de Lara, Catherine, Denly, Lucy, Diffey, Ben, Dimitriadis, Stavros, Drake, Thomas M., Donnison, Timothy, Dupont, Maeva, Eyre, David, Fairman, Alex, Gardiner, Siobhan, Gilbert-Jarmillo, Javier, Goulder, Philip, Hackstein, Carl-Philipp, Hambleton, Sophie, Haniffa, Muzlifah, Haworth, Jenny, Holmes, Jennifer, Horner, Emily, Jämsén, Anni, Johnson, Sile, Jones, Chris, Kasanyinga, Mwila, Kelly, Sinead, Kirk, Rosemary, Knight, Michael L., Lawrie, Allan, Lee, Lian, Lett, Lauren, Lillie, Katy, Lim, Nicholas, Mehta, Hema, Mentzer, Alexander J., O’Donnell, Denise, Ogbe, Ane, Pace, Matthew, Payne, Brendan A.I., Platt, Gareth, Poolan, Sonia, Provine, Nicholas, Ramamurthy, Narayan, Robinson, Nichola, Romaniuk, Leigh, Rongkard, Patpong, Sampson, Oliver L., Simmons, Beatrice, Spegarova, Jarmila S., Stephenson, Emily, Subramaniam, Kris, Thaventhiran, James, Thomas, Sarah, Travis, Simon, Tucker, Stephanie, Turton, Helena, Watson, Adam, Watson, Lisa, Weeks, Esme, Wilson, Robert, Wood, Steven, Wright, Rachel, Xiao, Huiyuan, Zawia, Amira A.T.·2021·Cell

DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2021.10.011PMC PMC8519781

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Abstract

Extension of the interval between vaccine doses for the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine was introduced in the United Kingdom to accelerate population coverage with a single dose. At this time, trial data were lacking, and we addressed this in a study of United Kingdom healthcare workers. The first vaccine dose induced protection from infection from the circulating alpha (B.1.1.7) variant over several weeks. In a substudy of 589 individuals, we show that this single dose induces severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses and a sustained B and T cell response to the spike protein. NAb levels were higher after the extended dosing interval (6–14 weeks) compared with the conventional 3- to 4-week regimen, accompanied by enrichment of CD4 + T cells expressing interleukin-2 (IL-2). Prior SARS-CoV-2 infection amplified and accelerated the response. These data on dynamic cellular and humoral responses indicate that extension of the dosing interval is an effective immunogenic protocol.

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Authors: Payne, R. P., Longet, S., Austin, J. A., Skelly, D. T., Dejnirattisai, W., Adele, S., Meardon, N., Faustini, S., Al-Taei, S., Moore, S. C., Tipton, T., Hering, L. M., Angyal, A., Brown, R., Nicols, A. R., Gillson, N., Dobson, S. L., Amini, A., Supasa, P., Cross, A., Bridges-Webb, A., Reyes, L. S., Linder, A., Sandhar, G., Kilby, J. A., Tyerman, J. K., Altmann, T., Hornsby, H., Whitham, R., Phillips, E., Malone, T., Hargreaves, A., Shields, A., Saei, A., Foulkes, S., Stafford, L., Johnson, S., Wootton, D. G., Conlon, C. P., Jeffery, K., Matthews, P. C., Frater, J., Deeks, A. S., Pollard, A. J., Brown, A., Rowland-Jones, S. L., Mongkolsapaya, J., Barnes, E., Hopkins, S., Hall, V., Dold, C., Duncan, C. J. A., Richter, A., Carroll, M., Screaton, G., de Silva, T. I., Turtle, L., Klenerman, P., Dunachie, S., Abuelgasim, H., Adland, E., Adlou, S., Akther, H. D., Alhussni, A., Ali, M., Ansari, M. A., Arancibia-Cárcamo, C. V., Bayley, M., Brown, H., Chalk, J., Chand, M., Chawla, A., Chinnakannan, S., Cutteridge, J., de Lara, C., Denly, L., Diffey, B., Dimitriadis, S., Drake, T. M., Donnison, T., Dupont, M., Eyre, D., Fairman, A., Gardiner, S., Gilbert-Jarmillo, J., Goulder, P., Hackstein, C.-P., Hambleton, S., Haniffa, M., Haworth, J., Holmes, J., Horner, E., Jämsén, A., Johnson, S., Jones, C., Kasanyinga, M., Kelly, S., Kirk, R., Knight, M. L., Lawrie, A., Lee, L., Lett, L., Lillie, K., Lim, N., Mehta, H., Mentzer, A. J., O’Donnell, D., Ogbe, A., Pace, M., Payne, B. A. I., Platt, G., Poolan, S., Provine, N., Ramamurthy, N., Robinson, N., Romaniuk, L., Rongkard, P., Sampson, O. L., Simmons, B., Spegarova, J. S., Stephenson, E., Subramaniam, K., Thaventhiran, J., Thomas, S., Travis, S., Tucker, S., Turton, H., Watson, A., Watson, L., Weeks, E., Wilson, R., Wood, S., Wright, R., Xiao, H., & Zawia, A. A. T.
Affiliations: Newcastle University (GB)
University of Liverpool (GB)
University of Oxford (GB)
Centre for Human Genetics (GB)
Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
University of Birmingham (GB)
University of Sheffield (GB)
Public Health England (GB)
Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
Great North Children's Hospital (GB)
University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust (GB)
Siriraj Hospital (TH)
Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
Corresponding author: Payne, Rebecca P.
Klenerman, Paul
ORCID: Payne, Rebecca P.
Austin, James A.
Skelly, Donal T.
Dejnirattisai, Wanwisa
Adele, Sandra
Faustini, Sian
Moore, Shona C.
Tipton, Tom
Hering, Luisa M.
Angyal, Adrienn
Brown, Rebecca
Nicols, Alexander R.
Gillson, Natalie
Dobson, Susan L.
Amini, Ali
Supasa, Piyada
Reyes, Laura Silva
Linder, Aline
Tyerman, Jessica K.
Altmann, Thomas
Hornsby, Hailey
Phillips, Eloise
Hargreaves, Alexander
Shields, Adrian
Saei, Ayoub
Foulkes, Sarah
Stafford, Lizzie
Conlon, Christopher P.
Jeffery, Katie
Matthews, Philippa C.
Frater, John
Deeks, Alexandra S.
Pollard, Andrew J.
Brown, Anthony
Mongkolsapaya, Juthathip
Barnes, Eleanor
Hopkins, Susan
Hall, Victoria
Dold, Christina
Duncan, Christopher J.A.
Richter, Alex
Carroll, Miles
Screaton, Gavin
de Silva, Thushan I.
Turtle, Lance
Klenerman, Paul
Dunachie, Susanna
Abuelgasim, Hibatullah
Alhussni, Ahmed
Ali, Mohammad
Ansari, M. Azim
Arancibia-Cárcamo, Carolina V.
Chalk, Jeremy
Chand, Meera
Chinnakannan, Senthil
Cutteridge, Joseph
de Lara, Catherine
Denly, Lucy
Dimitriadis, Stavros
Drake, Thomas M.
Donnison, Timothy
Dupont, Maeva
Eyre, David
Gardiner, Siobhan
Goulder, Philip
Hackstein, Carl-Philipp
Hambleton, Sophie
Haniffa, Muzlifah
Holmes, Jennifer
Horner, Emily
Kasanyinga, Mwila
Knight, Michael L.
Lawrie, Allan
Lee, Lian
Lett, Lauren
Lillie, Katy
Lim, Nicholas
Mentzer, Alexander J.
Ogbe, Ane
Pace, Matthew
Payne, Brendan A.I.
Platt, Gareth
Provine, Nicholas
Ramamurthy, Narayan
Rongkard, Patpong
Sampson, Oliver L.
Spegarova, Jarmila S.
Stephenson, Emily
Thaventhiran, James
Thomas, Sarah
Travis, Simon
Turton, Helena
Watson, Adam
Venue: Cell
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2021-11
Volume: 184
Issue: 23
Pages: 5699-5714.e11
ISSN: 0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.10.011
PMC: PMC8519781
OpenAlex: W3206717788
Cited by: 322
References: 47
Citations by year: 2026: 14 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 87 · 2022: 135 · 2021: 18
FWCI: 21.70
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Cell (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (acceptedVersion)
University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Greater South Information System
Funders: University of Liverpool
Oxford University
UK Research and Innovation
Wellcome Trust (NIHR300791, 216417/Z/19/Z, 204721/Z/16/Z, 110058/Z/15/Z)
U.S. Food and Drug Administration
National Institute for Health Research
Utah Department of Health
Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Department of Health and Social Care
University of Birmingham
British Heart Foundation (FS/18/52/33808, PG/11/116/29288)
Public Health England
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
Social Sciences › Health › Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
Keywords: BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine, extended dosing interval, single-dose vaccination, immunogenicity, neutralizing antibodies, spike protein, CD4+ T cells, interleukin-2, SARS-CoV-2, prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, healthcare workers
MeSH terms: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 Vaccines, mRNA Vaccines, BNT162 Vaccine, Adult, Aged, Antibodies, Viral, Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic, Ethnicity, Female, Humans, Immunoglobulin G, Immunity, Male, Middle Aged, Reference Standards, T-Lymphocytes, Vaccines, Synthetic, Linear Models, Treatment Outcome, Cross-Priming, Young Adult, Antibodies, Neutralizing

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Immunogenicity of standard and extended dosing intervals of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine

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