The DOI matches its Crossref record; 124 of the 125 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The contribution of immune infiltrates and the local microenvironment in the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma
Open accessAbstract
Osteosarcoma is a rare primary bone cancer characterized by cancer cells producing calcified osteoid extracellular matrix and inducing lung metastases with a high frequency. The local microenvironment defined several tumor niches controlling the tumor growth and cell extravasation. The immune infiltrate composes one of these niches. The immune environment of osteosarcoma is mainly composed by T-lymphocytes and macrophages but also contains other subpopulations including B-lymphocytes and mast cells. Osteosarcoma cells control the recruitment and differentiation of immune infiltrating cells and establish a local immune tolerant environment favorable to the tumor growth, drug resistance and the occurrence of metastases. Osteosarcoma cells are able to affect the balance between M1 and M2 macrophage subtypes and so could control the T-lymphocyte responses via the PD-1/PDL-1 system. In addition, mesenchymal stem cells may also contribute to this immune tolerance and strengthen the immune evasion. The present review gives a brief overview of the immune components of osteosarcoma and their most recent therapeutic interests.
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“This seed and soil phenomenon is driven by a microenvironment that modulates osteosarcoma cell behaviour and facilitates proliferation, quiescence, invasion, migration, and drug resistance 15,51,52,53 and contributes to their intrinsic heterogeneity 54,55 .”
From Osteosarcoma (2022) · cites this paper as [51]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Heymann, M.-F., Lézot, F., & Heymann, D.
- Affiliations
- Inserm (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Heymann, Dominique
- Venue
- Cellular Immunology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-09
- Volume
- 343
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 103711
- ISSN
- 0008-8749 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2766090242
- Cited by
- 233
- References
- 125
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 14
- FWCI
- 2.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cellular Immunology (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Bone Cancer Research Trust (144681)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Sarcoma Diagnosis and Treatment
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune cells in cancer
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Keywords
- osteosarcoma, tumor microenvironment, tumor immune infiltrate, T cells, macrophages, macrophage polarization, PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, immune evasion, mesenchymal stem cells, mast cells, B cells, lung metastasis, drug resistance, immunotherapy
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Bone Neoplasms, Humans, Macrophages, Osteosarcoma, Lymphocyte Subsets, Tumor Microenvironment, Mesenchymal Stem Cells
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