Target-specific glycinergic transmission from VGluT3-expressing amacrine cells shapes suppressive contrast responses in the retina
Open accessAbstract
Neurons that release more than one transmitter exist throughout the CNS. Yet, how these neurons deploy multiple transmitters and shape the function of specific circuits is not well understood. VGluT3-expressing amacrine cells (VG3-ACs) provide glutamatergic input to ganglion cells activated by contrast and motion. Using optogenetics, we find that VG3-ACs provide selective glycinergic input to a retinal ganglion cell type suppressed by contrast and motion (SbC-RGCs). Firing of SbC-RGCs is suppressed at light ON and OFF over a broad range of stimulus sizes. Anatomical circuit reconstructions reveal that VG3-ACs form inhibitory synapses preferentially on processes that link ON and OFF arbors of SbC-RGC dendrites. Removal of VG3-ACs from mature circuits reduces inhibition and attenuates spike suppression of SbC-RGCs in a contrast- and size-selective manner, illustrating the modularity of retinal circuits. VG3-ACs thus use dual transmitters in a target-specific manner and shape suppressive contrast responses in the retina by glycinergic transmission.
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Glycinergic synapses from vGluT3+ amacrine cells are selective and shape contrast and size selectivity of suppressed-by-contrast RGCs by reducing tonic firing.
“Glycinergic synapses are highly selective and shape contrast and size selectivity of postsynaptic ''suppressed by contrast'' RGCs by depressing tonic firing.100”
From Synaptic and circuit functions of multitransmitter neurons in the mammalian brain (2023) · cites this paper as [100]
vGluT3+ retinal amacrine cells release both glycine and glutamate onto separate populations of retinal ganglion cells.
“a class of vGluT3+ retinal amacrine cells was recently found to release both the inhibitory neurotransmitter glycine and excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate onto distinct populations of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs).99,100”
From Synaptic and circuit functions of multitransmitter neurons in the mammalian brain (2023) · cites this paper as [100]
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- Authors
- Tien, N.-W., Kim, T., & Kerschensteiner, D.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kerschensteiner, Daniel
- Venue
- Cell Reports
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-05
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1369-1375
- ISSN
- 2211-1247 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4871735
- OpenAlex
- W2346901928
- Cited by
- 67
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 3
- FWCI
- 4.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Digital Commons@Becker (Washington University School of Medicine) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Research to Prevent Blindness
- National Institutes of Health (EY023341, EY021855, EY0268)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinal Development and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Keywords
- glycinergic transmission, retinal ganglion cells, glutamatergic input, inhibitory synapses, motion suppression
- MeSH terms
- Action Potentials, Animals, Dendrites, Glycine, Mice, Transgenic, Synaptic Transmission, Retinal Ganglion Cells, Synapses, Contrast Sensitivity, Amacrine Cells, Amino Acid Transport Systems, Acidic
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