Corelease of acetylcholine and GABA from cholinergic forebrain neurons
Open accessAbstract
Neurotransmitter corelease is emerging as a common theme of central neuromodulatory systems. Though corelease of glutamate or GABA with acetylcholine has been reported within the cholinergic system, the full extent is unknown. To explore synaptic signaling of cholinergic forebrain neurons, we activated choline acetyltransferase expressing neurons using channelrhodopsin while recording post-synaptic currents (PSCs) in layer 1 interneurons. Surprisingly, we observed PSCs mediated by GABAA receptors in addition to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Based on PSC latency and pharmacological sensitivity, our results suggest monosynaptic release of both GABA and ACh. Anatomical analysis showed that forebrain cholinergic neurons express the GABA synthetic enzyme Gad2 and the vesicular GABA transporter (Slc32a1). We confirmed the direct release of GABA by knocking out Slc32a1 from cholinergic neurons. Our results identify GABA as an overlooked fast neurotransmitter utilized throughout the forebrain cholinergic system. GABA/ACh corelease may have major implications for modulation of cortical function by cholinergic neurons.
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The proportion of postsynaptic layer 1 interneurons receiving an EPSC or an IPSC differed significantly, and most received only one type of input.
“The proportion of postsynaptic layer 1 interneurons receiving an EPSC or an IPSC differed significantly, and most received only one type of input.”
From Synaptic and circuit functions of multitransmitter neurons in the mammalian brain (2023) · cites this paper as [89]
Optogenetic activation of cortically projecting Ach/GABA-releasing neurons evoked monosynaptic GABA-mediated inhibitory currents and Ach-mediated nicotinic excitatory currents in layer 1 interneurons.
“Optogenetic activation of cortically projecting Ach/GABA-releasing neurons evoked monosynaptic GABAmediated inhibitory currents and Ach-mediated nicotinic excitatory currents in layer 1 interneurons.”
From Synaptic and circuit functions of multitransmitter neurons in the mammalian brain (2023) · cites this paper as [89]
The GABA-mediated IPSC was ablated by selective genetic deletion of Slc32a1 in Chat-Cre+ neurons, while the nicotinic EPSC persisted, indicating that Ach loading did not depend on GABA vesicular transport.
“The GABA-mediated IPSC could be ablated by selective genetic deletion of Slc32a1 (vGAT) in Chat-Cre+ neurons, while the nicotinic excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) persisted, indicating that the loading of Ach did not depend on GABA vesicular transport.89”
From Synaptic and circuit functions of multitransmitter neurons in the mammalian brain (2023) · cites this paper as [89]
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- Authors
- Saunders, A., Granger, A. J., & Sabatini, B. L.
- Affiliations
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sabatini, Bernardo L
- Venue
- eLife
- Publisher
- eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
- Published
- 2015-02-27
- Volume
- 4
- ISSN
- 2050-084X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4371381
- OpenAlex
- W2142530108
- Cited by
- 200
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 3
- FWCI
- 9.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- eLife (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) (#NS072030)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Keywords
- acetylcholine, GABA, cholinergic neurons, forebrain, GABAA receptor, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, choline acetyltransferase, channelrhodopsin, layer 1 interneurons, GAD-2, vesicular GABA transporter, synaptic signaling
- MeSH terms
- Acetylcholine, Animals, Choline O-Acetyltransferase, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, Glutamate Decarboxylase, Membrane Potentials, Mice, Transgenic, Synaptic Transmission, Receptors, GABA-A, Receptors, Nicotinic, Tetrodotoxin, 4-Aminopyridine, Prosencephalon, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Microscopy, Confocal, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Potassium Channel Blockers, Sodium Channel Blockers, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton, Vesicular Inhibitory Amino Acid Transport Proteins, Cholinergic Neurons
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