Cerebral capillary blood flow upsurge during REM sleep is mediated by A2a receptors
Open accessAbstract
Sleep is generally viewed as a period of recovery, but how the supply of cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes across sleep/wake states has remained unclear. Here, we directly observe red blood cells (RBCs) within capillaries, where the actual substance exchange between the blood and neurons/glia occurs, by two-photon microscopy. Across multiple cortical areas, average capillary CBF is largely increased during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, whereas it does not differ between periods of active wakefulness and non-REM sleep. Capillary RBC flow during REM sleep is further elevated following REM sleep deprivation, suggesting that capillary CBF reflects REM sleep pressure. At the molecular level, signaling via adenosine A2a receptors is crucial; in A2a-KO mice, capillary CBF upsurge during REM sleep is dampened, and effects of REM sleep pressure are abolished. These results provide evidence regarding the dynamics of capillary CBF across sleep/wake states and insights to the underlying mechanisms.
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REM sleep is marked by a pronounced increase in brain blood volume.
“In contrast, REM sleep was marked by a pronounced increase in BBV, originating in the posterior cortex and slowly propagating across the brain.”
From Energy paradox in REM sleep: balancing supply and consumption in brain metabolism (2026) · cites this paper as [29]
The Results section ('Capillary CBF largely increased during REM sleep'; page unavailable) reports a pronounced increase in capillary blood flow in mice during REM sleep. It measures red-blood-cell velocity and flow, not brain blood volume, so it does not establish the claimed increase in BBV. (LLM, conf=0.85)
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Hao, L., Woolley, J., Yin, Z., Jin, X., Stucynski, J. A., Ortega, R. A. S., Corder, G. F., Chung, S., & Weber, F. (2026) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2026.02.034
EEG correlates of well-being and wearable EEG
Cannard, C. (2022) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/df2fc223ze70cz4c74zbdeez427a8788428b
- Authors
- Tsai, C.-J., Nagata, T., Liu, C.-Y., Suganuma, T., Kanda, T., Miyazaki, T., Liu, K., Saitoh, T., Nagase, H., Lazarus, M., Vogt, K. E., Yanagisawa, M., & Hayashi, Y.
- Affiliations
- University of Tsukuba (JP)
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Hayashi, Yu
- ORCID
- Venue
- Cell Reports
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-08
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 109558
- ISSN
- 2211-1247 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3195422269
- Cited by
- 48
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 12
- FWCI
- 3.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB) (submittedVersion)
- Kyoto University Research Information Repository (Kyoto University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Terrestrial Environment Research Center (University of Tsukuba) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Government of Japan Ministry of Education Culture Sports Science and Technology (JP21H00199, JP21H00414)
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JP20H03353, JP21F21109, JP20K21456)
- Kao Corporation
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (JP19lm0203023, JP19gm1110008, JP21wm0425018)
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JPMJPR13AC)
- Japan Foundation for Applied Enzymology
- Cell Science Research Foundation
- Asahi Glass Foundation
- Astellas Foundation for Research on Metabolic Disorders
- Daiichi Sankyo Foundation of Life Science
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
- Keywords
- REM sleep, adenosine A2A receptor, sleep-wake states, REM sleep deprivation, red blood cell flow, adenosine signaling
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Capillaries, Cerebral Cortex, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Sleep, REM, Wakefulness, Receptor, Adenosine A2A, Mice
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