Sleep promotes branch-specific formation of dendritic spines after learning
Open accessAbstract
To sleep, perchance to remember: Many researchers believe sleep helps us consolidate our memories, but no one knows quite how. Yang et al. investigated the precise role of sleep in changing mouse brain structures (see the Perspective by Euston and Steenland). When mice learned motor tasks, small protuberances—or “spines”—formed on some of the dendritic branches of specific brain neurons. These spines represent the physical correlate of a memory. But the neurons grew and retained these spines better when the mice slept after learning the task. Neurons that fired during learning fired again during subsequent slow-wave sleep, allowing the mice to conserve the newly formed spines—and memories. Science , this issue p. 1173 ; see also p. 1087
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Sleep downscaling entails a reduction of dendritic synaptic spines, with branches involved in prior learning being spared.
“(C) Sleep downscaling also entails a reduction of dendritic synaptic spines, with branches involved in prior learning (red) being spared (assessed by two-photon imaging, 164 left).”
From Sleep—A brain-state serving systems memory consolidation (2023) · cites this paper as [164]
The paper’s Abstract reports that sleep after motor learning promotes spine formation and maintenance on selected branches, rather than a reduction in spines. In its comparison of trained branches (Fig. 1, D–F), it finds no significant difference in spine elimination between high- and low-formation branches. Its discussion of net synapse loss during sleep describes earlier studies, not the branch-specific result claimed here. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAt the morphological level, synaptic downscaling during sleep is not ubiquitous but may spare some select synapses that are particularly large or were involved in prior encoding, resulting in increased connectivity at these synapses.
“At the morphological level, there is evidence that synaptic downscaling during sleep is not ubiquitous but may spare some select synapses that are particularly large or were involved in prior encoding, resulting in increased connectivity at these synapses 163,164,228,231 (Figure 2C).”
From Sleep—A brain-state serving systems memory consolidation (2023) · cites this paper as [164]
The paper reports that sleep after motor learning promotes new spine formation on selected dendritic branches in mouse motor cortex, and that sleep improves the survival of some new spines (Abstract; page unavailable). This supports selective increases in learning-related connectivity, but the paper does not show that particularly large synapses are spared or directly test whether synaptic downscaling spares those synapses. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSWS following motor task training supports branch-specific spine formation in a subset of cells in motor cortex.
“On a morphological level, SWS following motor task training was found to support branch-specific spine formation in a subset of cells in motor cortex.164”
From Sleep—A brain-state serving systems memory consolidation (2023) · cites this paper as [164]
The Abstract reports that sleep after motor learning promotes spine formation on a subset of dendritic branches in mouse motor-cortex neurons, and that task-related neurons reactivate during NREM sleep. It does not specifically identify slow-wave sleep (SWS) as the supporting sleep stage, or describe the spine formation as occurring in a subset of cells rather than a subset of branches. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSpine formation during post-training SWS only pertained to select dendritic branches of motor cortex pyramidal cells, similar to spine formation during learning.
“Thus, similar to spine formation during learning, also spine formation during post-training SWS only pertained to select dendritic branches of motor cortex pyramidal cells.164”
From Sleep—A brain-state serving systems memory consolidation (2023) · cites this paper as [164]
The Abstract reports that post-training sleep promotes spine formation on a subset of dendritic branches of mouse motor-cortex layer V pyramidal neurons. The sleep-deprivation and REM-deprivation passages support sleep-dependent, branch-specific formation, but the paper does not establish that the spines formed specifically during slow-wave sleep rather than another part of non-REM sleep. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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- Authors
- Yang, G., Lai, C. S. W., Cichon, J., Ma, L., Li, W., & Gan, W.-B.
- Affiliations
- New York University (US)
- Peking University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Gan, Wen-Biao
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2014-06-06
- Volume
- 344
- Issue
- 6188
- Pages
- 1173-1178
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- PMC
- PMC4447313
- OpenAlex
- W2088321899
- Semantic Scholar
- 0a583ef013a40265cc574b8f97597b48824ef580
- Cited by
- 616
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 31 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 42 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 54 · 2021: 55 · 2020: 63 · 2019: 61 · 2018: 56 · 2017: 63 · 2016: 50 · 2015: 49 · 2014: 14
- FWCI
- 32.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Agriculture
- Utah State University
- Louisiana State University
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS047325, P01NS074972)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- sleep, dendritic spines, motor learning, motor cortex, layer 5 pyramidal neurons, synaptogenesis, memory consolidation, NREM sleep
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Female, Learning, Male, Mice, Mutant Strains, Motor Cortex, Sleep, REM, Dendritic Spines, Mice
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