REM sleep selectively prunes and maintains new synapses in development and learning
Open accessAbstract
The functions and underlying mechanisms of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep remain unclear. Here we show that REM sleep prunes newly formed postsynaptic dendritic spines of layer 5 pyramidal neurons in the mouse motor cortex during development and motor learning. This REM sleep-dependent elimination of new spines facilitates subsequent spine formation during development and when a new motor task is learned, indicating a role for REM sleep in pruning to balance the number of new spines formed over time. Moreover, REM sleep also strengthens and maintains newly formed spines, which are critical for neuronal circuit development and behavioral improvement after learning. We further show that dendritic calcium spikes arising during REM sleep are important for pruning and strengthening new spines. Together, these findings indicate that REM sleep has multifaceted functions in brain development, learning and memory consolidation by selectively eliminating and maintaining newly formed synapses via dendritic calcium spike-dependent mechanisms.
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Memory processing and consolidation in the developing brain might be organized in a more parallel manner at the hippocampal and neocortical level, which, with generally increased plasticity especially during REM sleep, might produce stronger transformations at the neocortical level.
“Instead, memory processing and consolidation in the developing brain might be organized in a more parallel manner at the hippocampal and neocortical level which, in conjunction with a generally increased plasticity especially during REM sleep 231,249 might produce stronger transformations at the neocortical level.”
From Sleep—A brain-state serving systems memory consolidation (2023) · cites this paper as [231]
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Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredREM sleep probably particularly contributes to the regulation of synaptic plasticity during development.
“with the latter probably particularly contributing to the regulation of synaptic plasticity during development.231,249”
From Sleep—A brain-state serving systems memory consolidation (2023) · cites this paper as [231]
REM sleep is characterized by enhanced synaptic pruning that selectively omitted subsets of synapses formed during encoding of new motor memory prior to sleep.
“By contrast, REM sleep was found to be characterized by enhanced synaptic pruning that selectively omitted subsets of synapses formed during encoding of new motor memory prior to sleep.231”
From Sleep—A brain-state serving systems memory consolidation (2023) · cites this paper as [231]
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- Authors
- Li, W., Ma, L., Yang, G., & Gan, W.-B.
- Affiliations
- Peking University (CN)
- New York University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gan, Wen-Biao
- Venue
- Nature Neuroscience
- Published
- 2017-01-16
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 427-437
- ISSN
- 1097-6256 (ISSN-L)
- 1546-1726
- PMC
- PMC5535798
- OpenAlex
- W2579604288
- Cited by
- 543
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 50 · 2025: 60 · 2024: 62 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 71 · 2021: 60 · 2020: 58 · 2019: 72 · 2018: 44 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 30.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Nature Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Aging (R21AG048410)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH111486)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM107469)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS047325)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- REM sleep, synaptic pruning, dendritic spines, dendritic calcium spikes, motor cortex, layer 5 pyramidal neurons, motor learning, brain development, memory consolidation, synaptogenesis
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Calcium, Female, Learning, Locomotion, Male, Mice, Transgenic, Motor Cortex, Neuronal Plasticity, Sleep Deprivation, Sleep, REM, Synapses, Pyramidal Cells, Rotarod Performance Test, Dendritic Spines, Mice
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