Cited by 297Inflammatory Bowel DiseaseNutritional Studies and DietGut microbiota and health

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 105 of the 105 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Dietary Guidance From the International Organization for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Levine, Arie, Rhodes, Jonathan M., Lindsay, James O., Abreu, Maria T., Kamm, Michael A., Gibson, Peter R., Gasche, Christoph, Silverberg, Mark S., Mahadevan, Uma, Boneh, Rotem Sigall, Wine, Eyton, Damas, Oriana M., Syme, Graeme, Trakman, Gina L., Yao, Chu Kion, Stockhamer, Stefanie, Hammami, Muhammad B., Garces, Luis C., Rogler, Gerhard, Koutroubakis, Ioannis E., Ananthakrishnan, Ashwin N., McKeever, Liam, Lewis, James D.·2020·Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology

DOI 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.01.046

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Abstract

Recent evidence points to a plausible role of diet and the microbiome in the pathogenesis of both Crohn's disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC). Dietary therapies based on exclusion of table foods and replacement with nutritional formulas and/or a combination of nutritional formulas and specific table foods may induce remission in CD. In UC, specific dietary components have also been associated with flare of disease. While evidence of varying quality has identified potential harmful or beneficial dietary components, physicians and patients at the present time do not have guidance as to which foods are safe, may be protective or deleterious for these diseases. The current document has been compiled by the nutrition cluster of the International Organization for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IOIBD) based on the best current evidence to provide expert opinion regarding specific dietary components, food groups and food additives that may be prudent to increase or decrease in the diet of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases to control and prevent relapse of inflammatory bowel diseases.

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BackgroundInfluential
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BackgroundResultInfluential
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“International Organization for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases encouraged an increased intake of fruits and vegetables, while limiting intake of red or processed meats, trans and saturated fats, artificial sweeteners, and emulsifiers.(16) Specifically, low-fiber diets have been associated with a greater risk…”
Background
What do we know about dietary perceptions and beliefs of patients with rheumatoid arthritis? A scoping review
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“There has previously been a lack of conformity regarding what dietary approaches work best for these patients and it is only relatively recently that dietary guidelines have been released by the International Organization for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease [68].”
Background
Dietary Anthocyanin Intake, Genetic Risk, and Incident Ulcerative Colitis: A Prospective Cohort Study
Sun, S., Wang, D., Dan, L., Fu, T., Chen, J., Zhang, Y., Sun, J., & Zou, D. (2024) · Phytotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/ptr.8341 · Cited by 7
“Previous studies have found that fruit and vegetable intake is inversely associated with the incidence of IBD and have suggested that fruits and vegetables have the potential to prevent IBD (Levine et al. 2020).”
The Role of Environmental Factors Prior to Diagnosis on the Activity and Severity of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases—Results From the Prospective Population‐Based Copenhagen Inflammatory Bowel Disease Inception Cohort
Attauabi, M., Madsen, G. R., Bendtsen, F., Burisch, J. M., & Seidelin, J. B. (2025) · United European Gastroenterology Journal · doi:10.1002/ueg2.12737 · Cited by 6
“However, data on the potential influence of red meat on the risk of IBD flares remain inconclusive [20] Some studies have demonstrated an increased risk of UC flares [49, 50] while others do not confirm these findings [51].”
Incorporating Nutrition-Based Strategies into IBD Treatment
Magavi, P. R., Beeken, L., Matro, R., Ally, M., Ferrari, M. J., & Konijeti, G. G. (2022) · Current Gastroenterology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11894-022-00851-8 · Cited by 6
The overall quality of evidence of recommendations surrounding nutrition and diet in inflammatory bowel disease
Weissman, S. I., Fung, B. M., Bangolo, A., Rashid, A., Khan, B. F., Tirumala, A. K. G., Nagpaul, S., Cornwell, S., Karamthoti, P., Murugan, V., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Colorectal Disease · doi:10.1007/s00384-023-04404-x · Cited by 6
“Numerous guidelines have either limited recommendations pertaining to nutrition and/or supplement usage or list recommendations, but with a significant number of them being of weak strength or no strength listed at all [1, 16, 19].”
Mobile-based program improves healthy eating of ulcerative colitis patients: A pilot study
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Newest Updates to Health Providers on the Hazards of Ultra-Processed Foods and Proposed Solutions
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Food Beliefs and Risk of Orthorexia in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel DiseasePreprint
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A Pilot Randomized Control Trial to Assess the Adjunctive Effect of Diet on Response to Advanced Therapies in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis
Damas, O. M., Leo, M., Colina, N., Mijares, M., Fernández, I., McAleavy, J., Hernandez, I., Assumpção-Mengarelli, C., Garces, L. C., Quintero, M. A., et al. (2025) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2025.03.020 · Cited by 5
Effectiveness and safety of non-pharmacological therapies for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: a network meta-analysis
Jia, J., Wu, Y., Liu, S., Chen, W., Li, R., Bai, Y., & Hu, L. (2025) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2025.1593483 · Cited by 5
Etiological mechanisms underlying the hazard factors and inflammatory bowel disease: a prospective cohort study
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“Studies have shown that increased dietary fat intake, irregular diets, eating too much processed foods, and lack of certain nutrients such as VD and calcium can increase IBD 20,37,40,41 .”
Randomized controlled trial of a natural whole food diet versus habitual diet for Crohn's disease: Is diet quality the key?
Limketkai, B. N., Yang, J., Chau, L. W., Noorian, S., & Li, Z. (2025) · Clinical Nutrition ESPEN · doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2025.08.015 · Cited by 5
Lifestyle and psychosocial factors in inflammatory bowel disease: Prevalence, impact, motivation, and support needs
Demers, K., Hendrix, E. M. B., Ardabili, A. R., Bredero, Q. M., Bodegraven, A. A. V., van der Horst, D., Jonkers, D. M. A. E., Kimman, M., Mujagic, Z., Romberg-Camps, M. J. L., et al. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0331092 · Cited by 6
“Recommendations also include increasing the intake of fruits and vegetables (in the absence of strictures) in Crohn’s disease and avoiding additives, processed foods, and red or processed meat in ulcerative colitis [39–41].”
Modulation of Innate Immunity by Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Probiotic and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Therapies for the Treatment of Colon Disorders
Saha, J., & Goswami, R. (2025) · Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins · doi:10.1007/s12602-025-10807-9 · Cited by 5
“There have been related studies [220, 221]) that provide dietary recommendations and focus on how altered diet can be used as therapeutic option for colon morbidities.”
Association between dietary inflammation index and inflammatory bowel disease in adults: Results from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009–2010
Zhu, J., Sun, X., Liu, M., & Chang, S. (2024) · Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology · doi:10.1111/1440-1681.13859 · Cited by 5
“22 Individuals with CD are advised to consume fruits and vegetables regularly (except for those with symptomatic strictures), whereas those with UC are recommended to increase their intake of natural omega-3 fatty acids sources.”
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Diet and the risk of inflammatory bowel disease: A retrospective cohort study in Taiwan
Meng, M.-J., Huang, J.-S., Tsou, Y., Pan, Y., Chiu, C. T., Lin, Y., & Le, P. (2024) · Journal of the Formosan Medical Association · doi:10.1016/j.jfma.2024.06.004 · Cited by 5
Higher Life’s Essential 8 score is associated with reduced risk of related surgery and all-cause mortality among 3232 individuals with inflammatory bowel disease in a longitudinal cohort study
Jing, F., Cao, Y., Gong, Q., Dan, L., Zhu, Y., Magro, F., Fu, T., Chen, J., & Wang, X. (2025) · International Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1097/js9.0000000000002335 · Cited by 6
Nutrition in inflammatory bowel diseases; Is there a role?
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Challenges in Managing Paediatric Crohn’s Disease With Crohn’s Disease Exclusion Diet (CDED): The First Single-Center Study in the United Arab Emirates
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“These substances are frequently found in processed foods [6].”
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Preventative and therapeutic potential of nutrition for inflammatory bowel diseases: A narrative review
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Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease who regularly consume fruits and vegetables present lower prevalence of disease activation: A cross-sectional study
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Dietary Determinants of Metabolic and Gut Microbial Health in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
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Diet Recommendations for Hospitalized Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Better Options Than Nil Per Os
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Diet and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: What Quality Standards Should Be Applied in Clinical and Laboratory Studies?
Rogler, G., Scharl, M. M., Spalinger, M. R., Yılmaz, B., Zaugg, M., Hersberger, M., Schreiner, P., Biedermann, L., & Herfarth, H. H. (2021) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.202000514 · Cited by 5
Clinical and Histologic Remission in an Adult Crohn’s Disease Patient Following the Specific Carbohydrate Diet and Its Impact on Healthcare Costs
Arjomand, A., & Suskind, D. L. (2022) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.22032 · Cited by 5
“A recent report provides recommendations on the consumption or avoidance of food components and additives but does not integrate those findings into a comprehensive dietary plan for Crohn’s disease patients [20].”
Background
Effects of Commercial Probiotics on Colonic Sensitivity after Acute Mucosal Irritation
López‐Gómez, L., Antón, J., López‐Tofiño, Y., Pomana, B., Uranga, J. A., & Abalo, R. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19116485 · Cited by 5
Short-term effect of gluten-free diet on disease severity, quality of life, and inflammatory markers among patients with mild to moderate ulcerative colitis: A triple-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial
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From Kitchen to Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Clinic: Transforming the Role of Dietitians in IBD Care. A Narrative Review by Dietitians With Expertise in IBD
Day, A. S., Vanderstappen, J., Sandall, A. M., Svolos, V., & Shabat, C. S. (2026) · JCC Plus · doi:10.1002/jcc5.70007 · Cited by 4
‘Food doesn't control me anymore!’ psychosocial experiences during dietary management in adults with inflammatory bowel disease: A qualitative study
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Adjunct Therapies to Standard Care for IBS and IBD Patients: Digestive Symptoms Improvement and Quality of Life Optimization
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Exploring the multidimensional symptom experience in patients with inflammatory bowel disease—a contemporaneous network analysis
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Investigating the Impact of Aspartame on Ulcerative Colitis Through Network Toxicology and Molecular Docking
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Complementary and alternative medicine mention and recommendations in inflammatory bowel disease guidelines: systematic review and assessment using AGREE II
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BackgroundMethodInfluential
Following Through: The Impact of Culinary Medicine on Mediterranean Diet Uptake in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Ryan, K., Salozzo, C., Schwartz, S., Hart, M., Tuo, Y., Wenzel, A. A., Saul, S. A., Strople, J., Brown, J., & Runde, J. (2024) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1093/ibd/izae141 · Cited by 4
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Mechanism study on the treatment of ulcerative colitis by Gegen Qinlian nano-preparation through promoting M2 macrophage polarization
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Dietary Patterns Are Not Associated With Disease Activity Among Patients With Inflammatory Conditions of the Pouch in a Prospective Cohort
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A Whole Food Plant-Based Approach to Ulcerative Colitis; A Case Series
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Authors: Levine, A., Rhodes, J. M., Lindsay, J. O., Abreu, M. T., Kamm, M. A., Gibson, P. R., Gasche, C., Silverberg, M. S., Mahadevan, U., Boneh, R. S., Wine, E., Damas, O. M., Syme, G., Trakman, G. L., Yao, C. K., Stockhamer, S., Hammami, M. B., Garces, L. C., Rogler, G., Koutroubakis, I. E., Ananthakrishnan, A. N., McKeever, L., & Lewis, J. D.
Affiliations: Tel Aviv University (IL)
University of Liverpool (GB)
Queen Mary University of London (GB)
University of Miami (US)
The University of Melbourne (AU)
Alfred Health (AU)
Mount Sinai Hospital (CA)
University of California, San Francisco (US)
Barts Health NHS Trust (GB)
University Hospital Zurich (CH)
Massachusetts General Hospital (US)
University of Pennsylvania (US)
Corresponding author: Lewis, James D.
ORCID: Levine, Arie
Rhodes, Jonathan M.
Lindsay, James O.
Abreu, Maria T.
Kamm, Michael A.
Silverberg, Mark S.
Mahadevan, Uma
Boneh, Rotem Sigall
Damas, Oriana M.
Trakman, Gina L.
Yao, Chu Kion
Hammami, Muhammad B.
Rogler, Gerhard
Ananthakrishnan, Ashwin N.
McKeever, Liam
Lewis, James D.
Venue: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2020-05
Volume: 18
Issue: 6
Pages: 1381-1392
ISSN: 1542-3565 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.01.046
OpenAlex: W3005828812
Cited by: 297
References: 105
Citations by year: 2026: 36 · 2025: 48 · 2024: 53 · 2023: 54 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 24
FWCI: 5.68
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
Keywords: inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, dietary recommendations, gut microbiota, dietary therapy, nutritional formula, food additives, disease flares, remission, relapse prevention, food safety
MeSH terms: Colitis, Ulcerative, Crohn Disease, Diet, Humans, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Microbiota

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Dietary Guidance From the International Organization for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

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