PFASs in Soil: How They Threaten Human Health through Multiple Pathways and Whether They Are Receiving Adequate Concern
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been mass-produced and widely applied in consumer and industrial products, resulting in their widespread presence in the environment. Features such as environmental persistence, bioaccumulation, and high toxicity even at low doses have made PFASs an increasing concern. This brief review focuses on soil PFASs, especially the effect of soil PFASs on other environmental media and their potential threats to human health through daily diet. Specifically, soil PFASs contamination caused by different pathways was first investigated. Soil pollution from application of aqueous film-forming foams (AFFFs) is generally more severe than that from fluorochemical manufacturing plants, followed by biosolid land use, landfill, and irrigation. Factors, such as carbon chain length of PFASs, wastewater treatment technology, geographical conditions, and regional development level, are related to soil PFASs' pollution. Then, the migration, bioaccumulation, and toxicity characteristics of soil PFASs were analyzed. Short-chain PFASs have higher solubility, mobility, and bioavailability, while long-chain PFASs have higher bioaccumulation potential and are more toxic to organisms. Factors such as soil texture, solution chemistry conditions, enzymes, and fertilization conditions also influence the environmental behavior of PFASs. The risk of human exposure to PFASs through agricultural and animal products is difficult to control and varies depending on living region, age, eating habits, lifestyle, ethnicity, etc. Soil PFASs threaten drinking water safety, affect soil function, and enter food webs, threatening human health. Knowledge gaps and perspectives in these research fields are also included in current work to assist future research to effectively investigate and understand the environmental risks of soil PFASs, thereby reducing human exposure.
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The chemical stability of a molecule greatly influences its persistence in the environment.
“The chemical stability of a molecule greatly influences its persistence in the environment [24,25,26].”
From The EU’s Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Ban: A Case of Policy over Science (2023) · cites this paper as [25]
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The EU’s Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Ban: A Case of Policy over Science
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- Authors
- Xing, Y., Li, Q., Chen, X., Huang, B., Ji, L., Zhang, Q., Fu, X., Li, T., & Wang, J.
- Affiliations
- Qilu University of Technology (CN)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Xing, Yingna
- Li, Qi
- Venue
- Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2023-01-09
- Volume
- 71
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1259-1275
- ISSN
- 0021-8561 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5118
- OpenAlex
- W4313839565
- Cited by
- 51
- References
- 150
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 3
- FWCI
- 1.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (2019YFC1804103)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (31901178, 32001194, U1906222)
- Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (U1906222)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Fluoride Effects and Removal
- Keywords
- per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, human health risk, dietary exposure, aqueous film-forming foam, landfill leaching, irrigation, bioaccumulation, short-chain PFASs, drinking water contamination, food web transfer, environmental persistence
- MeSH terms
- Agriculture, Animals, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Pollution, Fluorocarbons, Humans, Soil, Water, Water Pollutants, Chemical
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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