F2-isoprostanes as indices of lipid peroxidation in inflammatory diseases
Abstract
Isoprostanes are a new class of lipids, isomers of conventional enzymatically derived prostaglandins, which are produced in vivo primarily by a free radical-catalyzed peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. F2-isoprostanes, isomers of the enzyme-derived prostaglandin F2alpha, are the most studied species. Because of their mechanisms of formation, specific structural features that distinguish them from other free radical-generated products and chemical stability, they provide a reliable index of the oxidative component of several diseases in vivo. Consistent data suggest that formation of F2-isoprostanes is indeed altered in a variety of clinical settings associated with inflammation and oxidant stress. Moreover, measurement of F2-isoprostanes might provide a sensitive biochemical basis of dose-selection in studies of natural and synthetic antioxidants.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
BDNF, oxidative stress, and inflammation tend to be abnormal among individuals with multiple mood episodes and correlate with length of illness.
“there is also evidence suggesting that BDNF, oxidative stress, and inflammation tend to be abnormal among individuals with multiple mood episodes and correlate with length of illness [51, 66, 67].”
From Preclinical and Clinical Evidence of Antioxidant Effects of Antidepressant Agents: Implications for the Pathophysiology of Major Depressive Disorder (2012) · cites this paper as [51]
Cites
Atherosclerosis--an inflammatory disease
Ross, R. (1999) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199901143400207 · Cited by 21,725 · see citing works
Lusis, A. J. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35025203 · Cited by 4,880 · see citing works
Lipid peroxidation: its mechanism, measurement, and significance
Halliwell, B. B., & Chirico, S. (1993) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/57.5.715s · Cited by 2,355 · see citing works
Homocysteine and Atherothrombosis
Welch, G. N., & Loscalzo, J. (1998) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199804093381507 · Cited by 1,997 · see citing works
Morrow, J. D., Hill, K. E., Burk, R. F., Nammour, T., Badr, K. F., & Roberts, L. J. (1990) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.87.23.9383 · Cited by 1,898 · see citing works
Morrow, J. D., Frei, B. B., Longmire, A. W., Gaziano, J. M., Lynch, S. M., Shyr, Y., Strauss, W., Oates, J. A., & Roberts, L. J. (1995) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199505043321804 · Cited by 1,340 · see citing works
The measurement and mechanism of lipid peroxidation in biological systems
Gutteridge, J. M. C., & Halliwell, B. B. (1990) · Trends in Biochemical Sciences · doi:10.1016/0968-0004(90)90206-q · Cited by 1,292 · see citing works
Praticò, D., Uryu, K., Leight, S., Trojanoswki, J. Q., & Lee, V. M.-Y. (2001) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.21-12-04183.2001 · Cited by 777 · see citing works
Self-citationLewis A. Conner Memorial Lecture
Steinberg, D. H. (1997) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.95.4.1062 · Cited by 743 · see citing works
Davı̀, G., Ciabattoni, G., Consoli, A., Mezzetti, A., Falco, A., Santarone, S., Pennese, E., Vitacolonna, E., Bucciarelli, T., Costantini, F., et al. (1999) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.99.2.224 · Cited by 742 · see citing works
Changing concepts of atherogenesis
Libby, P. (2000) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2796.2000.00654.x · Cited by 629 · see citing works
Modulation of Oxidant Stress In Vivo in Chronic Cigarette Smokers
Reilly, M., Delanty, N., Lawson, J. A., & FitzGerald, G. A. (1996) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.94.1.19 · Cited by 612 · see citing works
Self-citationIncrease of Brain Oxidative Stress in Mild Cognitive Impairment
Praticò, D., Clark, C. M., Liun, F., Lee, V., & Trojanowski, J. Q. (2002) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.59.6.972 · Cited by 587 · see citing works
Self-citationPlatelet Activation in Obese Women
Davı̀, G., Guagnano, M. T., Ciabattoni, G., Basili, S., Falco, A., Marinopiccoli, M., Nutini, M., Sensi, S., & Patrono, C. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.288.16.2008 · Cited by 542 · see citing works
Disruption of the 12/15-lipoxygenase gene diminishes atherosclerosis in apo E–deficient mice
Cyrus, T., Witztum, J. L., Rader, D. J., Tangirala, R., Fazio, S., Linton, M. F., & Funk, C. D. (1999) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci5897 · Cited by 523 · see citing works
Deleterious effects of oxygen radicals in ischemia/reperfusion. Resolved and unresolved issues.
Kloner, R. A., Przyklenk, K., & Whittaker, P. (1989) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.80.5.1115 · Cited by 504 · see citing works
Praticò, D., Tangirala, R. K., Rader, D. J., Rokach, J., & FitzGerald, G. A. (1998) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/2685 · Cited by 501 · see citing works
Self-citationHeinecke, J. W. (1998) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/s0021-9150(98)00173-7 · Cited by 461 · see citing works
Spanbroek, R., Gräbner, R., Lötzer, K., Hildner, M., Urbach, A., Rühling, K., Moos, M. P. W., Kaiser, B., Cohnert, T. U., Wahlers, T., et al. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.242716099 · Cited by 457 · see citing works
Zhang, R., Brennan, M.-L., Shen, Z., MacPherson, J. C., Schmitt, D., Molenda, C. E., & Hazen, S. L. (2002) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m209124200 · Cited by 432 · see citing works
Mehrabian, M., Allayee, H., Wong, J., Shih, W., Wang, X.-P., Shaposhnik, Z., Funk, C. D., & Lusis, A. J. (2002) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.0000028008.99774.7f · Cited by 422 · see citing works
Pratico, D., Lee, V. M.-Y., Trojanowski, J. Q., Rokach, J., & Fitzgerald, G. A. (1998) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fasebj.12.15.1777 · Cited by 405 · see citing works
Self-citationGopaul, N. K., Änggård, E. E., Mallet, A. I., Betteridge, D. J., Wolff, S. P., & Nourooz-Zadeh, J. (1995) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/0014-5793(95)00649-t · Cited by 390 · see citing works
In Vivo Formation of 8-Epi-Prostaglandin F2αIs Increased in Hypercholesterolemia
Davı̀, G., Alessandrini, P., Mezzetti, A., Minotti, G., Bucciarelli, T., Costantini, F., Cipollone, F., Bon, G. B., Ciabattoni, G., & Patrono, C. (1997) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.17.11.3230 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
Localization of distinct F2-isoprostanes in human atherosclerotic lesions.
Praticò, D., Iuliano, L., Mauriello, A., Spagnoli, L. G., Lawson, J. A., Rokach, J., Maclouf, J., Violi, F., & FitzGerald, G. A. (1997) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci119735 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Self-citationUryu, K., Laurer, H., McIntosh, T., Praticò, D., Martinez, D., Leight, S., Lee, V. M.-Y., & Trojanowski, J. Q. (2002) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.22-02-00446.2002 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
Self-citationOxidative Modification of LDL and Atherogenesis
Steinberg, D. H. (1998) · Medical science symposia series · doi:10.1007/978-94-011-5022-4_16 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
Morrow, J. D., Awad, J. A., Kato, T., Takahashi, K., Badr, K. F., Roberts, L. J., & Burk, R. F. (1992) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci116143 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Vaarala, O., Mänttäri, M., Manninen, V., Tenkanen, L., Puurunen, M., Aho, K., & Palosuo, T. (1995) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.91.1.23 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Tselepis, A. D., & Chapman, M. J. (2002) · Atherosclerosis Supplements · doi:10.1016/s1567-5688(02)00045-4 · Cited by 316 · see citing works
OutiVaarala, MattiMänttäri, VesaManninen, LeenaTenkanen, MarjaPuurunen, KimmoAho, & TimoPalosuo (1995) · Circulation · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Aluminum modulates brain amyloidosis through oxidative stress in APP transgenic mice
Praticò, D., Uryu, K., Sung, S., Tang, S., Trojanowski, J. Q., & Lee, V. M. ‐. (2002) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.02-0012fje · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Self-citationIncreased Formation of Distinct F2Isoprostanes in Hypercholesterolemia
Reilly, M. P., Praticò, D., Delanty, N., DiMinno, G., Tremoli, E., Rader, D. J., Kapoor, S. C., Rokach, J., Lawson, J. A., & FitzGerald, G. A. (1998) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.98.25.2822 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Self-citationEffects of Vitamin E on Lipid Peroxidation in Healthy Persons
Meagher, E. A. (2001) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.285.9.1178 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
8-Epi PGF2αGeneration During Coronary Reperfusion
Delanty, N., Reilly, M. P., Praticò, D., Lawson, J. A., McCarthy, J. F., Wood, A., Ohnishi, S. T., Fitzgerald, D. J., & FitzGerald, G. A. (1997) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.95.11.2492 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Self-citationCylooxygenase-dependent Formation of the Isoprostane, 8-Epi Prostaglandin F2α
Praticò, D., Lawson, J. A., & FitzGerald, G. A. (1995) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.270.17.9800 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Self-citationCerebrospinal fluid F2‐isoprostane levels are increased in Alzheimer's disease
Montine, T., Markesbery, W., Morrow, J., & Roberts, L. (1998) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410440322 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Inflammation and therapeutic vaccination in CNS diseases
Weiner, H. L., & Selkoe, D. J. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01325 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
The neurobiologie consequences of down syndrome
Coyle, J. T., Oster-Granite, M. L., & Gearhart, J. D. (1986) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/0361-9230(86)90074-2 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Genetic and nutritional factors contributing to hyperhomocysteinemia in young adults
Kluijtmans, L. A. J., Young, I. S., Boreham, C. A., Murray, L., McMaster, D., McNulty, H., Strain, J. J., McPartlin, J. M., Scott, J. M., & Whitehead, A. S. (2003) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v101.7.2483 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Cyrus, T., Praticò, D., Zhao, L., Witztum, J. L., Rader, D. J., Rokach, J., FitzGerald, G. A., & Funk, C. D. (2001) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.103.18.2277 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Self-citationOxidant Stress and Aspirin-Insensitive Thromboxane Biosynthesis in Severe Unstable Angina
Cipollone, F., Ciabattoni, G., Patrignani, P., Pasquale, M., Gregorio, D. D., Bucciarelli, T., Davı̀, G., Cuccurullo, F., & Patrono, C. (2000) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.102.9.1007 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Morrow, J. D., & Roberts, L. J. (1994) · Methods in enzymology on CD-ROM/Methods in enzymology · doi:10.1016/s0076-6879(94)33019-0 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
IPF 2α -I: An index of lipid peroxidation in humans
Praticò, D., Barry, Ó. P., Lawson, J. A., Adiyaman, M., Hwang, S., Khanapure, S. P., Iuliano, L., Rokach, J., & FitzGerald, G. A. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.7.3449 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Self-citationMinuz, P., Patrignani, P., Gaino, S., Degan, M., Menapace, L., Tommasoli, R., Seta, F., Capone, M. L., Tacconelli, S., Palatresi, S., et al. (2002) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000039528.49161.e9 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Reilly, M. P., Delanty, N., Roy, L., Rokach, J., Callaghan, P. O., Crean, P., Lawson, J. A., & FitzGerald, G. A. (1997) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.96.10.3314 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Self-citationEnhanced In Vivo Lipid Peroxidation at Elevated Plasma Total Homocysteine Levels
Voutilainen, S., Morrow, J. D., Roberts, L. J., Alfthan, G., Alho, H., Nyyssönen, K., & Salonen, J. T. (1999) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.19.5.1263 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Gniwotta, C., Morrow, J. D., Roberts, L. J., & Kühn, H. (1997) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.17.11.3236 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Audoly, L., Rocca, B., Fabre, J., Koller, B. H., Thomas, D. W., Loeb, A. L., Coffman, T. M., & FitzGerald, G. A. (2000) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.101.24.2833 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Self-citationThe isoprostanes in biology and medicine
Praticò, D. (2001) · Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/s1043-2760(01)00411-8 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Self-citationMallat, Z., Nakamura, T., Ohan, J., Lesèche, G., Tedgui, A., Maclouf, J., & Murphy, R. C. (1999) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci3985 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Oxidized phospholipids and isoprostanes in atherosclerosis
Witztum, J. L., & Berliner, J. A. (1998) · Current Opinion in Lipidology · doi:10.1097/00041433-199810000-00008 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Homocysteine and atherosclerosis
Gerhard, G. T., & Duell, P. B. (1999) · Current Opinion in Lipidology · doi:10.1097/00041433-199910000-00006 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Li, H., Lawson, J. A., Reilly, M. P., Adiyaman, M., Hwang, S., Rokach, J., & FitzGerald, G. A. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.23.13381 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Self-citationOxidative Stress and Platelet Activation in Homozygous Homocystinuria
Davı̀, G., Minno, G. D., Coppola, A., Andria, G., Cerbone, A. M., Madonna, P., Tufano, A., Falco, A., Marchesani, P., Ciabattoni, G., et al. (2001) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/hc3501.095287 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Oxidative DNA Damage and Cardiovascular Disease
Lee, S. H. (2001) · Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.1016/s1050-1738(01)00094-9 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Praticò, D., & Trojanowski, J. Q. (2000) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/s0197-4580(00)00141-x · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Self-citationCaterina, R. D., Cipollone, F., Filardo, F. P., Zimarino, M., Bernini, W., Lazzerini, G., Bucciarelli, T., Falco, A., Marchesani, P., Muraro, R., et al. (2002) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000038500.43292.d7 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Iuliano, L., Praticò, D., Greco, C., Mangieri, E., Scibilia, G., FitzGerald, G. A., & Violi, F. (2001) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(00)01040-8 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Self-citationMurphy, R. C. (2001) · Chemical Research in Toxicology · doi:10.1021/tx000250t · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Reduction of Isoprostanes and Regression of Advanced Atherosclerosis by Apolipoprotein E
Tangirala, R. K., Praticò, D., FitzGerald, G. A., Chun, S. H., Tsukamoto, K., Maugeais, C., Usher, D. C., Puré, E., & Rader, D. J. (2001) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m003324200 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Self-citationOxidized LDL Contains Inflammatory PAF-Like Phospholipids
Marathe, G. K. (2001) · Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.1016/s1050-1738(01)00100-1 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Enhanced Lipid Peroxidation in Patients Positive for Antiphospholipid Antibodies
Iuliano, L., Praticò, D., Ferro, D., et al. (1997) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v90.10.3931 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Self-citationOxidative stress and diabetes mellitus
Kuyvenhoven, J. P., & Meinders, A. E. (1999) · European Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0953-6205(99)00009-6 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Zhao, L., Cuff, C. A., Moss, E., Wille, U., Cyrus, T., Klein, E. A., Praticò, D., Rader, D. J., Hunter, C. A., Puré, E., et al. (2002) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m205738200 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Self-citationLipid peroxidation associated with successful thrombolysis
Ranjadayalan, K. (1990) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/0140-6736(90)90866-4 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Sign of lipid peroxidation as measured in the urine of patients with probable Alzheimer’s disease
Tuppo, E. E., FORMAN, L. J., Spur, B. W., Chan-Ting, R. E., Chopra, A., & Cavalieri, T. A. (2001) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/s0361-9230(01)00450-6 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Lipid Peroxidation and the Aging Process
Praticò, D. (2002) · Science of Aging Knowledge Environment · doi:10.1126/sageke.2002.50.re5 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Self-citationLawson, J. A., Li, H., Rokach, J., Adiyaman, M., Hwang, S., Khanapure, S. P., & FitzGerald, G. A. (1998) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.273.45.29295 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Self-citationPraticò, D., Ferro, D., Iuliano, L., Rokach, J., Conti, F., Valesini, G., FitzGerald, G. A., & Violi, F. (1999) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v93.10.3401.410k36_3401_3407 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Self-citationIncrease of isoprostane 8-epi-PGF2 αafter restarting smoking
Chehne, F., Oguogho, A., Lupattelli, G., Budinsky, A. C., Palumbo, B., & Sinzinger, H. F. (2001) · Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids · doi:10.1054/plef.2001.0277 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Burke, A., Lawson, J. A., Meagher, E. A., Rokach, J., & FitzGerald, G. A. (2000) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.275.4.2499 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationLipid Peroxidation in Mouse Models of Atherosclerosis
Praticò, D. (2001) · Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.1016/s1050-1738(01)00099-8 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationPraticò, D., Tangirala, R. K., Hörkkö, S., et al. (2001) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v97.2.459 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationOxidative Stress and Diabetes Mellitus
Sen, S., Chakraborty, R., & De, B. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-1542-7_7 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Reactive oxygen species in cardiovascular disease
Sugamura, K., & Keaney (2011) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.05.004 · Cited by 769 · see citing works
Tong, K. I., Katoh, Y., Kusunoki, H., Itoh, K., Tanaka, T., & Yamamoto, M. (2006) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.26.8.2887-2900.2006 · Cited by 759 · see citing works
A Meta-analysis of oxidative stress markers in depression
Liu, T., Zhong, S., Liao, X., Chen, J., He, T., Lai, S., & Jia, Y. (2015) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0138904 · Cited by 485 · see citing works
Behr, G. A., Moreira, J. C. F., & Frey, B. N. (2012) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2012/609421 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Peripheral Markers of Depression
Nobis, A., Zalewski, D., & Waszkiewicz, N. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm9123793 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Increased plasma levels of 8-iso-PGF2α and IL-6 in an elderly population with depression
Dimopoulos, N., Piperi, C., Psarra, V., Lea, R. W., & Kalofoutis, A. (2008) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2007.07.019 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
- Authors
- Praticò, D., Rokach, J., Lawson, J., & FitzGerald, G. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Florida Institute of Technology (US)
- Corresponding author
- FitzGerald, Garret A.
- Venue
- Chemistry and Physics of Lipids
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2004-03
- Volume
- 128
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 165-171
- ISSN
- 0009-3084 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1983796684
- Cited by
- 120
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 0.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Chemistry and Physics of Lipids (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- National Institutes of Health (5r01hl061364-03, 5r03es011475-02)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL 61364, HL54500, P50HL054500, HL-69835, HL62250, R01HL069835, P01HL062250)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK 44730, R01DK044730)
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (ES-11475)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
- Keywords
- F2-isoprostanes, lipid peroxidation, inflammation, oxidative stress, free radical peroxidation, polyunsaturated fatty acids, prostaglandins, oxidative stress biomarkers, antioxidants, dose selection
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Arteriosclerosis, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Inflammation, Risk Factors, Lipid Peroxidation, Isoprostanes
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review