The DOI matches its Crossref record; 35 of the 35 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Three-Dimensional Analysis of Budding Sites and Released Virus Suggests a Revised Model for HIV-1 Morphogenesis
Open accessAbstract
Current models of HIV-1 morphogenesis hold that newly synthesized viral Gag polyproteins traffic to and assemble at the cell membrane into spherical protein shells. The resulting late-budding structure is thought to be released by the cellular ESCRT machinery severing the membrane tether connecting it to the producer cell. Using electron tomography and scanning transmission electron microscopy, we find that virions have a morphology and composition distinct from late-budding sites. Gag is arranged as a continuous but incomplete sphere in the released virion. In contrast, late-budding sites lacking functional ESCRT exhibited a nearly closed Gag sphere. The results lead us to propose that budding is initiated by Gag assembly, but is completed in an ESCRT-dependent manner before the Gag sphere is complete. This suggests that ESCRT functions early in HIV-1 release--akin to its role in vesicle formation--and is not restricted to severing the thin membrane tether.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“It is estimated that a mature HIV-1 virion contains about 120 copies of IN protein8,9.”
From Structure and function of retroviral integrase (2022) · cites this paper as [9]
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Coreceptor binding triggers further conformational changes and dissociation of the trimer of gp120–gp41 heterotrimer. This dissociation helps gp41 penetrate the plasma membrane, facilitating fusion of the viral envelope with the plasma membrane, allowing the deposition of the CA containing the viral genetic material into the cytoplasm of the host cell (Carlson et al. 2008, Blumenthal et al. 2012).”
From Beyond reverse transcription: molecular mechanisms and emerging paradigms in retroviral replication (2026) · cites this paper as Carlson et al. 2008
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Computer Visualization of Three-Dimensional Image Data Using IMOD
Kremer, J. R., Mastronarde, D. N., & McIntosh, J. R. (1996) · Journal of Structural Biology · doi:10.1006/jsbi.1996.0013 · Cited by 5,530
Adachi, A., Gendelman, H. E., Koenig, S., Folks, T. M., Willey, R. L., Rabson, A. B., & Martín, M. Á. (1986) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.59.2.284-291.1986 · Cited by 2,805
SPIDER and WEB: Processing and Visualization of Images in 3D Electron Microscopy and Related Fields
Frank, J., Radermacher, M., Penczek, P. A., Zhu, J., Li, Y., Ladjadj, M., & Leith, A. G. (1996) · Journal of Structural Biology · doi:10.1006/jsbi.1996.0030 · Cited by 2,026
The emerging shape of the ESCRT machinery
Williams, R. L., & Urbé, S. (2007) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm2162 · Cited by 779
Specific incorporation of cyclophilin A into HIV-1 virions
Franke, E. K., Yuan, H. E. H., & Luban, J. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/372359a0 · Cited by 745
The HIV lipidome: A raft with an unusual composition
Brügger, B., Glass, B., Haberkant, P., Leibrecht, I., Wieland, F., & Kräusslich, H. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0511136103 · Cited by 730
Self-citationSTRUCTURAL STUDIES BY ELECTRON TOMOGRAPHY: From Cells to Molecules
Lučić, V., Förster, F. G., & Baumeister, W. P. (2005) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.73.011303.074112 · Cited by 703
Morita, E., & Sundquist, W. I. (2004) · Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.20.010403.102350 · Cited by 594
The stoichiometry of Gag protein in HIV-1
Briggs, J. A. G., Simon, M. N., Gross, I., Kräusslich, H.-G., Fuller, S. D., Vogt, V. M., & Johnson, M. C. (2004) · Nature Structural & Molecular Biology · doi:10.1038/nsmb785 · Cited by 539
Self-citationESCRT complexes and the biogenesis of multivesicular bodies
Hurley, J. H. (2008) · Current Opinion in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ceb.2007.12.002 · Cited by 497
Structural organization of authentic, mature HIV‐1 virions and cores
Briggs, J. A. G., Wilk, T., Welker, R., Kräusslich, H., & Fuller, S. D. (2003) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/cdg143 · Cited by 496
Self-citationTOM software toolbox: acquisition and analysis for electron tomography
Nickell, S., Förster, F. G., Linaroudis, A. A., Net, W. D., Beck, F., Hegerl, R., Baumeister, W. P., & Plitzko, J. M. (2004) · Journal of Structural Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsb.2004.10.006 · Cited by 449
Plasma membrane deformation by circular arrays of ESCRT-III protein filaments
Hanson, P. I., Roth, R., Lin, Y., & Heuser, J. E. (2008) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.200707031 · Cited by 427
Functional Surfaces of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Capsid Protein
von Schwedler, U. K., Stray, K. M., Garrus, J. E., & Sundquist, W. I. (2003) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.77.9.5439-5450.2003 · Cited by 421
Rossio, J. L., Esser, M. T., Suryanarayana, K., Schneider, D. K., Bess, J. W., Vásquez, G. M., Wiltrout, T. A., Chertova, E. N., Grimes, M. K., Sattentau, Q. J., et al. (1998) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.72.10.7992-8001.1998 · Cited by 416
Helical Structures of ESCRT-III Are Disassembled by VPS4
Lata, S., Schoehn, G., Jain, A., Vieira-Pires, R. S., Piehler, J., Göttlinger, H. G., & Weissenhorn, W. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1161070 · Cited by 361
Electron cryotomography of immature HIV‐1 virions reveals the structure of the CA and SP1 Gag shells
Wright, E. R., Schooler, J. B., Ding, H. J., Kieffer, C., Fillmore, C., Sundquist, W. I., & Jensen, G. J. (2007) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7601664 · Cited by 325
Chertova, E. N., Julian W. Bess, Crise, B. J., Sowder, R. C., Schaden, T. M., Hilburn, J. M., Hoxie, J. A., Benveniste, R. Ė., Lifson, J. D., Henderson, L. E., et al. (2002) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.76.11.5315-5325.2002 · Cited by 289
Demirov, D. G., & Freed, E. O. (2004) · Virus Research · doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2004.08.007 · Cited by 284
Structural Basis for Budding by the ESCRT-III Factor CHMP3
Muzioł, T. M., Pineda‐Molina, E., Ravelli, R. B. G., Zamborlini, A., Usami, Y., Göttlinger, H. G., & Weissenhorn, W. (2006) · Developmental Cell · doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2006.03.013 · Cited by 253
Cytoskeletal proteins inside human immunodeficiency virus type 1 virions
Ott, D. E., Coren, L., Kane, B. P., Busch, L. K., Johnson, D. G., Sowder, R. C., Chertova, E. N., Arthur, L. O., & Henderson, L. E. (1996) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.70.11.7734-7743.1996 · Cited by 217
Biochemical and Structural Analysis of Isolated Mature Cores of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1
Welker, R., Hohenberg, H., Tessmer, U., Huckhagel, C., & Kräusslich, H. (2000) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.74.3.1168-1177.2000 · Cited by 207
Self-citationMak, J., Jiang, M., Wainberg, M. A., Hammarskjöld, M. L., Rekosh, D., & Kleiman, L. (1994) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.68.4.2065-2072.1994 · Cited by 194
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 assembly, release, and maturation
Adamson, C. S., & Freed, E. O. (2007) · Advances in Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s1054-3589(07)55010-6 · Cited by 179
Welker, R., Kottler, H., Kalbitzer, H. R., & Kräusslich, H. (1996) · Virology · doi:10.1006/viro.1996.0240 · Cited by 179
Self-citationOtt, D. E., Coren, L. V., Copeland, T. D., Kane, B., Johnson, D. G., Sowder, R. C., Yoshinaka, Y., Oroszlan, S. I., Arthur, L. O., & Henderson, L. E. (1998) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.72.4.2962-2968.1998 · Cited by 173
Key interactions in HIV-1 maturation identified by hydrogen-deuterium exchange
Lanman, J., Lam, T. T., Emmett, M. R., Marshall, A. G., Sakalian, M., & Prevelige, P. E. (2004) · Nature Structural & Molecular Biology · doi:10.1038/nsmb790 · Cited by 164
Cellular proteins detected in HIV‐1
Ott, D. E. (2008) · Reviews in Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/rmv.570 · Cited by 141
Actin-Binding Cellular Proteins inside Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1
Ott, D. E., Coren, L. V., Johnson, D. G., Kane, B., Sowder, R. C., Kim, Y. D., Fisher, R. J., Zhou, X. Z., Lu, K. P., & Henderson, L. E. (2000) · Virology · doi:10.1006/viro.1999.0075 · Cited by 127
The Mason-Pfizer Monkey Virus PPPY and PSAP Motifs Both Contribute to Virus Release
Gottwein, E., Bodem, J., Müller, B., Schmechel, A., Zentgraf, H., & Kräusslich, H. (2003) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.77.17.9474-9485.2003 · Cited by 122
Self-citationMass Determination of Rous Sarcoma Virus Virions by Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy
Vogt, V. M., & Simon, M. N. (1999) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.73.8.7050-7055.1999 · Cited by 118
Self-citationMüller, B., Tessmer, U., Schubert, U., & Kräusslich, H. (2000) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.74.20.9727-9731.2000 · Cited by 102
Self-citationSwanson, C. M., & Malim, M. (2008) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2008.05.005 · Cited by 75
Analysis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Gag Ubiquitination
Gottwein, E., & Kräusslich, H. (2005) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.79.14.9134-9144.2005 · Cited by 68
Self-citationChapter 8 Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy of Nuclear Structures
Wall, J. S., Hainfeld, J. F., & Simon, M. N. (1997) · Methods in cell biology · doi:10.1016/s0091-679x(08)60878-x · Cited by 35
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
A structural analysis of M protein in coronavirus assembly and morphology
Neuman, B. W., Kiss, G., Kunding, A. H., Bhella, D., Baksh, M. F., Connelly, S., Droese, B., Klaus, J. P., Makino, S., Sawicki, S. G., et al. (2010) · Journal of Structural Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsb.2010.11.021 · Cited by 870
HIV-1 assembly, budding, and maturation
Sundquist, W. I., & Krausslich, H.-G. (2012) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a006924 · Cited by 814
Membrane budding and scission by the ESCRT machinery: it's all in the neck
Hurley, J. H., & Hanson, P. I. (2010) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm2937 · Cited by 793
Clinical targeting of HIV capsid protein with a long-acting small molecule
Link, J. O., Rhee, M. S., Tse, W. C., Zheng, J., Somoza, J. R., Rowe, W., Begley, R., Chiu, A., Mulato, A. S., Hansen, D., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2443-1 · Cited by 455
Structure and assembly of immature HIV
Briggs, J. A. G., Riches, J. D., Glass, B., Bartonova, V., Zanetti, G., & Kräusslich, H.-G. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0903535106 · Cited by 368
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Carlson, L.-A., Briggs, J. A. G., Glass, B., Riches, J. D., Simon, M. N., Johnson, M. C., Müller, B., Grünewald, K., & Kräusslich, H.-G.
- Affiliations
- University Hospital Heidelberg (DE)
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (DE)
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (US)
- University of Missouri (US)
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Grünewald, Kay
- Kräusslich, Hans-Georg
- ORCID
- Venue
- Cell Host & Microbe
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-12
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 592-599
- ISSN
- 1931-3128 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3454483
- OpenAlex
- W2041321679
- Cited by
- 230
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 21
- FWCI
- 5.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 1725 d)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
- Locations
- Cell Host & Microbe (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI073098)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (5 P41 EB2181, P41EB002181)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Virology › HIV Research and Treatment
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular transport and secretion
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and Retrovirus Studies
- Keywords
- viral budding, ESCRT machinery, virion morphology, electron tomography, scanning transmission electron microscopy
- MeSH terms
- Cell Line, Cell Membrane, HeLa Cells, Humans, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Models, Molecular, Virion, HIV-1, Virus Assembly, Microscopy, Electron, Transmission, gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
