Antimicrobial overproduction sustains intestinal inflammation by inhibiting Enterococcus colonization
Open accessAbstract
Loss of antimicrobial proteins such as REG3 family members compromises the integrity of the intestinal barrier. Here, we demonstrate that overproduction of REG3 proteins can also be detrimental by reducing a protective species in the microbiota. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) experiencing flares displayed heightened levels of secreted REG3 proteins that mediated depletion of Enterococcus faecium (Efm) from the gut microbiota. Efm inoculation of mice ameliorated intestinal inflammation through activation of the innate immune receptor NOD2, which was associated with the bacterial DL-endopeptidase SagA that generates NOD2-stimulating muropeptides. NOD2 activation in myeloid cells induced interleukin-1β (IL-1β) secretion to increase the proportion of IL-22-producing CD4+ T helper cells and innate lymphoid cells that promote tissue repair. Finally, Efm was unable to protect mice carrying a NOD2 gene variant commonly found in IBD patients. Our findings demonstrate that inflammation self-perpetuates by causing aberrant antimicrobial activity that disrupts symbiotic relationships with gut microbes.
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Current clinical proxies for dysbiosis include MAdCAM-1, REG3, calprotectin, and lipocalin-2 in fecal samples.
“Current clinical proxies for dysbiosis include MAdCAM-1, REG3, calprotectin, and lipocalin-2 in fecal samples.52,157,158”
From Melanoma and microbiota: Current understanding and future directions (2024) · cites this paper as [158]
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Melanoma and microbiota: Current understanding and future directions
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Jang, K. K., Heaney, T., London, M., Ding, Y., Putzel, G., Yeung, F., Ercelen, D., Chen, Y.-H., Axelrad, J., Gurunathan, S., Zhou, C., Podkowik, M., Arguelles, N., Srivastava, A., Shopsin, B., Torres, V. J., Keestra-Gounder, A. M., Pironti, A., Griffin, M. E., Hang, H. C., & Cadwell, K.
- Affiliations
- New York University (US)
- Geisinger Health System (US)
- NYU Langone Health (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- University of Colorado Anschutz (US)
- Scripps Research Institute (US)
- University of Pennsylvania Health System (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cadwell, Ken
- ORCID
- Venue
- Cell Host & Microbe
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2023-09
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1450-1468.e8
- ISSN
- 1931-3128 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10502928
- OpenAlex
- W4386295669
- Cited by
- 70
- References
- 116
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 5
- FWCI
- 6.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 378 d)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
- Locations
- Cell Host & Microbe (publishedVersion)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- Kenneth Rainin Foundation
- Crohn's and Colitis Foundation
- National Institutes of Health (1s10od018338-01)
- School of Medicine, New York University
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL123340)
- National Cancer Institute (P30CA016087)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI140754, R01AI137336, R01AI130945, R21AI164154, R01AI121244, R01AI173121)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (F32 DK132908, F30DK122698, R01DK124336, R01DK093668)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Keywords
- Enterococcus faecium, intestinal inflammation, inflammatory bowel disease, NOD2, muropeptides, IL-1β, IL-22, CD4+ T helper cells, innate lymphoid cells, gut microbiota, intestinal barrier, symbiosis, NOD2 variants
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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