Analysis of cytokinin nucleotides in coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) water using capillary zone electrophoresis-tandem mass spectrometry after solid-phase extraction
Abstract
A method based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) and capillary zone electrophoresis-tandem mass spectrometry (CZE-MS/MS) is described for the separation and determination of six cytokinin nucleotides in coconut water. The best CZE separation for the six cytokinin nucleotide standards was achieved using a 25 mM ammonium formate/formic acid buffer (pH 3.8) and 2% (v/v) methanol with an applied gradient separation voltage (25 kV for 32 min, and then a linear gradient to 30 kV in 5 min, finally 30 kV to the end of separation) in less than 60 min. MS/MS with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) detection was carried out to obtain sufficient selectivity and sensitivity for the cytokinin nucleotides. The combined use of on-line sample stacking and CZE-MS/MS achieved limits of detection (LODs) in the range of 0.06-0.19 microM for the six cytokinin nucleotides at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. Furthermore, a novel dual-step SPE procedure was developed for the pre-concentration and purification of cytokinin nucleotides using Oasis HLB and Oasis MAX cartridges. The recoveries of the cytokinin nucleotides after the dual-step SPE were in the range of 44-71%. The combination of off-line SPE, on-line sample stacking and CZE-MS/MS approach was successfully applied to screen for endogenous cytokinin nucleotides present in coconut water sample. trans-Zeatin riboside-5'-monophosphate (ZMP) was detected and quantified in coconut water by CZE-MS/MS after SPE and on-line sample stacking.
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CW contains cytokinins such as kinetin, kinetin riboside, trans-zeatin, trans-zeatin riboside, and trans-zeatin glucoside.
“In addition, CW also contains a group of phytohormones, namely cytokinins such as kinetin, kinetin riboside, trans-zeatin, trans-zeatin riboside, and trans-zeatin glucoside [47,48].”
From Research Progress in Coconut Water: A Review of Nutritional Composition, Biological Activities, and Novel Processing Technologies (2025) · cites this paper as [47]
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- Authors
- Ge, L., Yong, J. W. H., Tan, S. N., Yang, X. H., & Ong, E. S.
- Affiliations
- Nanyang Technological University (SG)
- National University of Singapore (SG)
- Corresponding author
- Tan, Swee Ngin
- Venue
- Journal of Chromatography A
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-11
- Volume
- 1133
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 322-331
- ISSN
- 0021-9673 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2005871135
- Cited by
- 55
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 2.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Chromatography A (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- National University of Singapore (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Nanyang Technological University
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Microfluidic and Capillary Electrophoresis Applications
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry › Analytical chemistry methods development
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Spectroscopy › Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography
- Keywords
- coconut water, Cocos nucifera, solid-phase extraction, multiple reaction monitoring
- MeSH terms
- Cocos, Cytokinins, Mass Spectrometry, Reproducibility of Results, Molecular Structure, Electrophoresis, Capillary, Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
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