Short-term impact of a classical ketogenic diet on gut microbiota in GLUT1 Deficiency Syndrome: A 3-month prospective observational study
Abstract
Background&aims The classical ketogenic diet (KD) is a high-fat, very low-carbohydrate normocaloric diet used for drug-resistant epilepsy and Glucose Transporter 1 Deficiency Syndrome (GLUT1 DS). In animal models, high fat diet induces large alterations in microbiota producing deleterious effects on gut health. We carried out a pilot study on patients treated with KD comparing their microbiota composition before and after three months on the diet.Methods Six patients affected by GLUT1 DS were asked to collect fecal samples before and after three months on the diet. RT - PCR analysis was performed in order to quantify Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp., Clostridium perfringens, Enterobacteriaceae, Clostridium cluster XIV, Desulfovibrio spp. and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii.Results Compared with baseline, there were no statistically significant differences at 3 months in Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. However fecal microbial profiles revealed a statistically significant increase in Desulfovibrio spp. (p = 0.025), a bacterial group supposed to be involved in the exacerbation of the inflammatory condition of the gut mucosa associated to the consumption of fats of animal origin.Conclusions A future prospective study on the changes in gut microbiota of all children with epilepsy started on a KD is warranted. In patients with dysbiosis demonstrated by fecal samples, it my be reasonable to consider an empiric trial of pre or probiotics to potentially restore the «ecological balance» of intestinal microbiota.
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A pilot study in GLUT1 deficiency syndrome showed no statistically significant differences in Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, but an increase in Desulfovibrio spp.
“A pilot study showed that there were no statistically significant differences in Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, but an increase in Desulfovibrio spp., a bacterial group believed to be involved in the exacerbation of the inflammatory condition of the gut mucosa associated with the consumption of fat of animal origin, was observed [366].”
From The Role of Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Neuropsychiatric and Neurological Disorders (2021) · cites this paper as [366]
In six patients with DRE and glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome who followed the ketogenic diet for three months, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis of the fecal microbial profiles showed no change in Firmicutes or Bacteroides while showing a significant increase in Desulfovibrio spp.
“In six patients with DRE and glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome who followed the ketogenic diet for three months, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis of the fecal microbial profiles showed no change in Firmicutes or Bacteroides while showing a significant increase in Desulfovibrio spp, which is involved in gut mucosal inflammation [127].”
From Role of diet and its effects on the gut microbiome in the pathophysiology of mental disorders (2022) · cites this paper as [127]
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- Authors
- Tagliabue, A., Ferraris, C., Uggeri, F., Trentani, C., Bertoli, S., de Giorgis, V., Veggiotti, P., & Elli, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Pavia (IT)
- University of Milan (IT)
- Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Nazionale Casimiro Mondino (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Tagliabue, Anna
- Venue
- Clinical Nutrition ESPEN
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-02
- Volume
- 17
- Pages
- 33-37
- ISSN
- 2405-4577 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2567694658
- Cited by
- 126
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 5
- FWCI
- 3.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical Nutrition ESPEN (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Diet and metabolism studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, GLUT1 deficiency syndrome, drug-resistant epilepsy, Desulfovibrio, dysbiosis, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, probiotics, prebiotics, high-fat diet
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Drug Resistant Epilepsy, Adolescent, Adult, Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Errors, Child, Desulfovibrio, Feces, Female, Humans, Intestines, Male, Monosaccharide Transport Proteins, Pilot Projects, Prospective Studies, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, Diet, Ketogenic, Young Adult, Dysbiosis
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