Can we ‘seize’ the gut microbiota to treat epilepsy?
Open accessAbstract
The gut-microbiota, the complex intestinal microbial ecosystem essential to health, is an emerging concept in medicine. Several studies demonstrate a microbiota-gut-brain bidirectional connection via neural, endocrine, metabolic and immune pathways. Accordingly, the gut microbiota has a crucial role in modulating intestinal permeability, to alter local/peripheral immune responses and in production of essential metabolites and neurotransmitters. Its alterations may consequently influence all these pathways that contribute to neuronal hyper-excitability and mirrored neuroinflammation in epilepsy and similarly other neurological conditions. Indeed, pre- and clinical studies support the role of the microbiome in pathogenesis, seizure modulation and responses to treatment in epilepsy. Up to now, researchers have focussed attention above all on the brain to develop antiepileptic treatments, but considering the microbiome, could extend our possibilities for developing novel therapies in the future. We provide here a comprehensive overview of the available data on the potential role of gut microbiota in the physiopathology and therapy of epilepsy and the supposed underlying mechanisms.
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Neurotransmitters produced in the gut may influence the brain indirectly, by acting on the enteric nervous system.
“However, neurotransmitters produced in the gut may influence the brain indirectly, by acting on the ENS [30,31].”
From The Role of Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Neuropsychiatric and Neurological Disorders (2021) · cites this paper as [30]
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Gut microbiota manipulation as an epilepsy treatment
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Intestinal Flora Composition Determines Microglia Activation and Improves Epileptic Episode Progress
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Self-citationMicrobiota-gut-brain axis and ketogenic diet: how close are we to tackling epilepsy?
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Gut Microbes: The Gut Brain Connection
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Self-citationThe Role of the Vagus Nerve in the Microbiome and Digestive System in Relation to Epilepsy
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Xu, X., Shi, J., Cai, G., Ma, C., Wang, W., Feng, R., Boczek, T., Tang, Y., He, Z., & Guo, F. (2024) · Food Science and Human Wellness · doi:10.26599/fshw.2024.9250303 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Advances in the Study of Intestinal Microbiota and Neuropathic Pain
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The Ketogenic Diet in the Treatment of Schizophrenia
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- Authors
- De Caro, C., Iannone, L. F., Citraro, R., Striano, P., De Sarro, G., Constanti, A., Cryan, J. F., & Russo, E.
- Affiliations
- Magna Graecia University (IT)
- Istituto Giannina Gaslini (IT)
- UCL School of Pharmacy (GB)
- University College Cork (IE)
- Corresponding author
- Russo, Emilio
- Venue
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-12
- Volume
- 107
- Pages
- 750-764
- ISSN
- 0149-7634 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2981158203
- Semantic Scholar
- 7a62794dd18c936586c183f6a8b8fdb79ffab79d
- Cited by
- 110
- References
- 203
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 1 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 0.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- discovery.ucl.ac.uk
- Locations
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Florence Research (University of Florence) (submittedVersion)
- CINECA IRIS Institutial Research Information System (University of Genoa) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Dupont, Nutrition, Cremo SA, Alkermes Inc.
- 4D Pharma PLC
- Mead Johnson Nutrition
- Nutricia Danone
- GW Pharmaceuticals
- Pfizer
- Italian Ministry of Health
- Italian Medicine Agency
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Epilepsy research and treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, epilepsy, microbiome, gut-brain axis, intestinal permeability, neuroinflammation, neuronal hyperexcitability, anticonvulsant therapy, microbial metabolites, neurotransmitters, immune response
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Animals, Brain, Epilepsy, Humans, Mice, Diet, Ketogenic
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