The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 29 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Normative challenges of identification in the Internet of Things: Privacy, profiling, discrimination, and the GDPR
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Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Similarly, Article 20's right to data portability, permitting the transfer of personal data, can affect algorithmic accuracy and confidentiality, potentially influencing the larger dataset.”
From Ethical Framework for Harnessing the Power of AI in Healthcare and Beyond (2024) · cites this paper as [161]
In the citing paper
“Article 21's right to object enables individuals to halt data processing, ensuring data minimization and protecting against data misuse.”
From Ethical Framework for Harnessing the Power of AI in Healthcare and Beyond (2024) · cites this paper as [161]
In the citing paper
“Article 22, crucial in the context of AI, prohibits automated decisions if they produce significant effects.”
From Ethical Framework for Harnessing the Power of AI in Healthcare and Beyond (2024) · cites this paper as [161]
In the citing paper
“Article 22-4 prohibits using sensitive data for automated decisions, with an exception.”
From Ethical Framework for Harnessing the Power of AI in Healthcare and Beyond (2024) · cites this paper as [161]
In the citing paper
“Similarly, non-sensitive data can act as proxies for sensitive data, leading to possible unlawful discrimination [161].”
From Ethical Framework for Harnessing the Power of AI in Healthcare and Beyond (2024) · cites this paper as [161]
In the citing paper
“Article 22-2 provides exceptions, allowing automated decisions if they are contractually necessary, legally authorized with safeguards, or based on explicit consent.”
From Ethical Framework for Harnessing the Power of AI in Healthcare and Beyond (2024) · cites this paper as [161]
In the citing paper
“For instance, sexual orientation can be inferred from seemingly unrelated data like activity or likes.”
From Ethical Framework for Harnessing the Power of AI in Healthcare and Beyond (2024) · cites this paper as [161]
In the citing paper
“Yet, AI can infer sensitive data from non-sensitive data, potentially leading to unauthorized processing.”
From Ethical Framework for Harnessing the Power of AI in Healthcare and Beyond (2024) · cites this paper as [161]
Citations
Cites
Context Aware Computing for The Internet of Things: A Survey
Perera, C., Zaslavsky, A., Christen, P., & Georgakopoulos, D. (2014) · IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials · doi:10.1109/surv.2013.042313.00197 · Cited by 2,861
A survey on trust management for Internet of Things
Yan, Z., Zhang, P., & Vasilakos, A. V. (2014) · Journal of Network and Computer Applications · doi:10.1016/j.jnca.2014.01.014 · Cited by 1,155
Dynamic consent: a patient interface for twenty-first century research networks
Kaye, J., Whitley, E. A., Lund, D., Morrison, M., Teare, H., & Melham, K. (2015) · European Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1038/ejhg.2014.71 · Cited by 780
Huckvale, K., Prieto, J. T., Tilney, M., Benghozi, P.-J., & Car, J. (2015) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-015-0444-y · Cited by 376
Student privacy in learning analytics: An information ethics perspective
Rubel, A., & Jones, K. M. L. (2016) · The Information Society · doi:10.1080/01972243.2016.1130502 · Cited by 291
Ethical Issues of Social Media Usage in Healthcare
Bamidis, P., Bond, C., Gabarron, E., Househ, M., Lau, A. Y. S., Mayer, M. A., Merolli, M., Hansen, M., & Denecke, K. (2015) · Yearbook of Medical Informatics · doi:10.15265/iy-2015-001 · Cited by 199
Internet of things: Privacy issues revisited
Weber, R. (2015) · Computer Law and Security Review · doi:10.1016/j.clsr.2015.07.002 · Cited by 187
From individual to group privacy in big data analytics
Mittelstadt, B. (2017) · Philosophy & Technology · doi:10.1007/s13347-017-0253-7 · Cited by 184
Mantelero, A. (2016) · Computer law & security review · doi:10.1016/j.clsr.2016.01.014 · Cited by 167
Ethics of the health-related internet of things: a narrative review
Mittelstadt, B. (2017) · Ethics and Information Technology · doi:10.1007/s10676-017-9426-4 · Cited by 154
Welsh, S., Hassiotis, A., O'mahoney, G., & Deahl, M. (2003) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/1360786031000150658 · Cited by 109
Big Data, Big Problems: Emerging Issues in the Ethics of Data Science and Journalism
Fairfield, J., & Shtein, H. (2014) · Journal of Mass Media Ethics · doi:10.1080/08900523.2014.863126 · Cited by 89
Privacy, Discovery, and Authentication for the Internet of Things
Wu, D. J., Taly, A., Shankar, A., & Boneh, D. (2016) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-45741-3_16 · Cited by 70
Who Needs Stories if You Can Get the Data? ISPs in the Era of Big Number Crunching
Hildebrandt, M. (2011) · Philosophy & Technology · doi:10.1007/s13347-011-0041-8 · Cited by 43
The Privacy Coach: Supporting customer privacy in the Internet of ThingsPreprint
Broenink, G., Hoepman, J.-H., Hof, C. C. G. V. T., van Kranenburg, R., Smits, D., & Wisman, T. H. A. (2010) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1001.4459 · Cited by 27
Demystifying privacy in sensory data: A QoI based approach
Chakraborty, S., Choi, H. S., & Srivastava, M. B. (2011) · IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops (PerCom Workshops) · doi:10.1109/percomw.2011.5766914 · Cited by 24
Privacy Challenges in Context-sensitive Access Control for Pervasive Computing Environment
Ahamed, S. I., Talukder, N., & Haque, M. M. (2007) · International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Systems: Networking and Services · doi:10.1109/mobiq.2007.4451065 · Cited by 15
Managing Disclosure of Personal Health Information in Smart Home Healthcare
Rashid, U., Schmidtke, H., & Woo, W. (2007) · Interacción · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-73281-5_20 · Cited by 15
Flagged first, then by citations
11 of the 29 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Ismagilova, E., Hughes, L., Rana, N. P., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2020) · Information Systems Frontiers · doi:10.1007/s10796-020-10044-1 · Cited by 558
“Wachter (2018) argues that GDPR standards need further specification and implementation into the design of IoT technologies.”
BackgroundA Right to Reasonable Inferences: Re-Thinking Data Protection Law in the Age of Big Data and AI
Wachter, S., & Mittelstadt, B. (2018) · doi:10.31228/osf.io/mu2kf · Cited by 463
Self-citationAhmad, K., Maabreh, M., Ghaly, M., Khan, K., Qadir, J., & Al-Fuqaha, A. (2022) · Computer Science Review · doi:10.1016/j.cosrev.2021.100452 · Cited by 291
A critical review of algorithms in HRM: Definition, theory, and practice
Cheng, M. M., & Hackett, R. D. (2021) · Human Resource Management Review · doi:10.1016/j.hrmr.2019.100698 · Cited by 283
Discrimination, artificial intelligence, and algorithmic decision-making
Borgesius, F. Z. (2025) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2510.13465 · Cited by 152
“See for instance: Goodman 2016; Mantelero 2018; Hacker 2018; Hoboken and Kostic (forthcoming); Wachter 2018; Wachter and Mittelstadt 2018.”
Metadata
- Authors
- Wachter, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Wachter, Sandra
- ORCID
- Wachter, Sandra
- Venue
- Computer Law & Security Review
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-06
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 436-449
- ISSN
- 2212-473X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3125356411
- Cited by
- 307
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 74 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 6
- FWCI
- 247.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- Computer law & security review (publishedVersion)
- SSRN Electronic Journal (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Law › Digitalization, Law, and Regulation
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Privacy, Security, and Data Protection
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Ethics and Social Impacts of AI
- Keywords
- Internet of Things, user identification, access control, privacy, profiling, discrimination, General Data Protection Regulation, data protection law, identity control, consent, inference, data anonymization, cybersecurity, transparency, trust, IoT device design
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