The DOI matches its Crossref record; 50 of the 51 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Crosstalk between Gut Microbiota and Dietary Lipids Aggravates WAT Inflammation through TLR Signaling
Open accessAbstract
Dietary lipids may influence the abundance of circulating inflammatory microbial factors. Hence, inflammation in white adipose tissue (WAT) induced by dietary lipids may be partly dependent on their interaction with the gut microbiota. Here, we show that mice fed lard for 11 weeks have increased Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation and WAT inflammation and reduced insulin sensitivity compared with mice fed fish oil and that phenotypic differences between the dietary groups can be partly attributed to differences in microbiota composition. Trif(-/-) and Myd88(-/-) mice are protected against lard-induced WAT inflammation and impaired insulin sensitivity. Experiments in germ-free mice show that an interaction between gut microbiota and saturated lipids promotes WAT inflammation independent of adiposity. Finally, we demonstrate that the chemokine CCL2 contributes to microbiota-induced WAT inflammation in lard-fed mice. These results indicate that gut microbiota exacerbates metabolic inflammation through TLR signaling upon challenge with a diet rich in saturated lipids.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Saturated and unsaturated fats have profoundly different effects on the gut microbiota, and the altered microbiota that results from feeding unsaturated fats can offer protection from lard-induced weight gain44.”
From Diet–microbiota interactions as moderators of human metabolism (2016) · cites this paper as [44]
In the citing paper
“germ-free mice that are fed a high-fat diet with less sucrose are only partly protected against obesity44”
From Diet–microbiota interactions as moderators of human metabolism (2016) · cites this paper as [44]
In the citing paper
“A switch to a diet rich in saturated fatty acids shifts the composition of the microbiota44.”
From Diet–microbiota interactions as moderators of human metabolism (2016) · cites this paper as [44]
In the citing paper
“Similarly, increased levels of Bilophila and a reduced abundance of Desulfovibrio were observed in mice that were fed lard compared with fish oil as a source of fat44.”
From Diet–microbiota interactions as moderators of human metabolism (2016) · cites this paper as [44]
In the citing paper
“Latest data implied that omega-3 PUFAs modulate the intestinal microbiota composition and help normalize it after disrupting environmental stress [166,168].”
From The Role of Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Neuropsychiatric and Neurological Disorders (2021) · cites this paper as [168]
In the citing paper
“In a rodent study, animals fed lard showed increases in Bacteroides and displayed signs of metabolic dysfunction.”
From The athletic gut microbiota (2020) · cites this paper as [229]
In the citing paper
“In contrast, animals fed fish oil showed increased levels of lactic acid bacteria and were protected from metabolic dysfunction [229].”
From The athletic gut microbiota (2020) · cites this paper as [229]
In the citing paper
“The gut microbiota has been shown to differ between mice fed diets that are high or low in fat and between diets that contain equal amounts of fat but from different sources [10–13] (Fig. 1).”
From Dietary lipids, gut microbiota and lipid metabolism (2019) · cites this paper as [10]
In the citing paper
“In another study where mice fed a high-fat diet containing lard, rich in saturated fat, were compared to mice fed a isocaloric high-fat diet containing fish oil, rich in n-3 PUFA, it was found that phylogenetic diversity and abundance of the beneficial bacteria Akkermansia muciniphila, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium were lower in mice on a lard diet [10].”
From Dietary lipids, gut microbiota and lipid metabolism (2019) · cites this paper as [10]
In the citing paper
“Transplantation of cecum microbiota into germ-free (GF) mice showed that the diet-induced differences in host phenotype were partly caused by the gut microbiota.”
From Dietary lipids, gut microbiota and lipid metabolism (2019) · cites this paper as [10]
In the citing paper
“The lard diet also reduced insulin sensitivity and increased inflammation in white adipose tissue (WAT) through activation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling.”
From Dietary lipids, gut microbiota and lipid metabolism (2019) · cites this paper as [10]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome
David, L. A., Maurice, C. F., Carmody, R. N., Gootenberg, D. B., Button, J. E., Wolfe, B. E., Ling, A. V., Devlin, A. S., Varma, Y., Fischbach, M. A., et al. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12820 · Cited by 10,100
Obesity is associated with macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue
Weisberg, S. P., McCann, D., Desai, M., Rosenbaum, M., Leibel, R. L., & Ferrante, A. W. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci200319246 · Cited by 10,041
Metabolic Endotoxemia Initiates Obesity and Insulin Resistance
Cani, P. D., Amar, J., Iglesias, M. A., Poggi, M., Knauf, C., Bastelica, D., Neyrinck, A. M., Fava, F., Tuohy, K. M., Chabo, C., et al. (2007) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db06-1491 · Cited by 6,638
Self-citationInduction of Intestinal Th17 Cells by Segmented Filamentous Bacteria
Ivanov, I. I., Atarashi, K., Manel, N., Brodie, E. L., Shima, T., Karaoz, U., Wei, D., Goldfarb, K. C., Santee, C. A., Lynch, S. V., et al. (2009) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.09.033 · Cited by 4,554
Cross-talk between Akkermansia muciniphila and intestinal epithelium controls diet-induced obesity
Everard, A., Belzer, C., Geurts, L., Ouwerkerk, J. P., Druart, C., Bindels, L. B., Guiot, Y., Derrien, M., Muccioli, G. G., Delzenne, N. M., et al. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1219451110 · Cited by 4,511
Self-citationFunctional interactions between the gut microbiota and host metabolism
Tremaroli, V., & Bäckhed, F. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11552 · Cited by 4,387
Self-citationInteractions Between the Microbiota and the Immune System
Hooper, L. V., Littman, D. R., & Macpherson, A. J. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1223490 · Cited by 4,173
TLR4 links innate immunity and fatty acid-induced insulin resistance
Shi, H., Kokoeva, M. V., Inouye, K., Tzameli, I., Yin, H., & Flier, J. S. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci28898 · Cited by 3,690
Kim, H. J., Park, S. Y., Choi, Y. J., Han, S. J., Lee, K. W., & Kim, D. J. (2013) · Hormone Research in Paediatrics · doi:10.1159/000348848 · Cited by 3,061
Kanda, H. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci26498 · Cited by 2,682
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 51 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 701–800 of 960
Zhang, Y., Yao, W., Zhang, W., Wen, Y., Hua, Y., Ji, P., & Wei, Y. (2023) · Biomedical Chromatography · doi:10.1002/bmc.5719 · Cited by 7
Harnessing Genes and Diet to Fine-Tune the Gut Microbial Fitness
Cani, P. D., & Everard, A. (2015) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2015.10.006 · Cited by 7
Self-citationYe, Z., Xu, Y., & Liu, Y. (2021) · Journal of Food Biochemistry · doi:10.1111/jfbc.13695 · Cited by 7
Oh, J. K., Vasquez, R., Hwang, I., Oh, Y. N., Kim, S., Kang, S. H., Joung, J. Y., Oh, N. S., Kim, S., Yoon, Y., et al. (2021) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms9091908 · Cited by 8
Intestinal microbiota and host metabolism — A complex relationship
Eckel, J. (2021) · Acta Physiologica · doi:10.1111/apha.13638 · Cited by 7
Alharbi, K., Asnayanti, A., Hasan, A., Vaught, W. J., Bühler, K., van der Klis, J. D., Gonzalez, J., Kidd, M. T., & Alrubaye, A. A. K. (2024) · The Journal of Applied Poultry Research · doi:10.1016/j.japr.2024.100507 · Cited by 6
Orlistat ameliorates lipid dysmetabolism in high-fat diet-induced mice via gut microbiota modulation
Huang, C., He, Y., Chai, P., Liu, Z., Su, S., Zhang, Y., Luo, Y., & Fu, S. (2025) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2025.1480500 · Cited by 6
“Further, impaired gut barrier integrity plays a central role in the pathogenesis of chronic low-grade inflammation, which is a key factor in obesity and its associated health complications (Cani et al., 2008; Caesar et al., 2015).”
Cao, Z., Wang, L., Zhang, Y., Chang, G., & Chen, G. (2025) · Poultry Science · doi:10.1016/j.psj.2025.105873 · Cited by 6
“This is consistent with previous studies in broiler chickens (Lam et al., 2015), laying hens (Kuda et al., 2000) and Peking ducks (Caesar et al., 2015), all of which showed that n-3 PUFA supplementation increased n-3 PUFAs levels in liver and muscle while reducing the n-6/n-3 PUFAs ratio.”
The ketogenic diet in Parkinson’s disease: a potential therapeutic strategy
Pokora, B., Pokora, K., Binienda, A., & Fichna, J. (2025) · Pharmacological Reports · doi:10.1007/s43440-025-00799-2 · Cited by 9
Modak, M., & Singh, S. (2026) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10620-025-09655-y · Cited by 7
“Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation signaling, decrease in TLR4-induce NF-кB and limiting inflammasome responses by tryptophan-derived indoles [70].”
Nogueira, S., Barbosa, J., Faria, J., Sá, S. I., Cardoso, A., Soares, R. A., Fonseca, B. M., & Leal, S. M. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms231810984 · Cited by 7
“Mice fed high-saturated fat showed changes in insulin sensitivity and adipose tissue inflammation, associated with the upregulation of TLR4 and TLR2 signalling [25].”
Modulation of gut microbiota with Ayurveda diet and lifestyle
Chauhan, A., Semwal, D. K., Semwal, R. B., Joshi, S. K., Adhana, R. K., & Goswami, M. S. (2022) · AYU (An International Quarterly Journal of Research in Ayurveda) · doi:10.4103/ayu.ayu_7_20 · Cited by 7
Immunonutrients and intestinal microbiota: a gap in the literature
Nascimento, M. D. A., Pimenta, N. D. M. A., Polastri, V. A. D. M. P., Chamon, R. C., & Figueiredo, M. S. (2023) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2023.2260468 · Cited by 7
“Caesar et al. (2015), observed an increase in the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus (reached in 3 weeks) and Akkermansia muciniphila when feeding mice an isocaloric diet based on fish oil (main source of omega 3) for 11 weeks.”
Barbetti, M., Mancabelli, L., Vacondio, F., Longhi, G., Ferlenghi, F., Viglioli, M., Turroni, F., Carnevali, L., Mor, M., Ventura, M., et al. (2024) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.110963 · Cited by 6
“Contextually, several pieces of evidence have indicated that the FAE family may be involved in the crosstalk between the central nervous system (CNS) and the gut microbiota (Caesar et al., 2015; Cristiano et al., 2018; Di Paola et al., 2018; Geurts et al., 2015; Russo et al., 2018).”
Korsirikoon, C., Techaniyom, P., Kettawan, A., Rungruang, T., Metheetrairut, C., Prombutara, P., & Kettawan, A. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0315172 · Cited by 6
Yu, D., Shen, J., Li, L., Long, Q., Xie, S., Zhou, M., Tian, Q., & Cai, Y. (2025) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2024.1523708 · Cited by 6
ROLE OF GUT MICROBIOTA IN LIPID METABOLISM
Kvit, K. B., & Харченко, В. В. (2018) · Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research · doi:10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i4.23953 · Cited by 6
“are water-insoluble compounds, they can be exposed to water-soluble lipases only at the water/fat border [11-13].”
Herbal medicines for the treatment of metabolic syndrome
Obika, P., Beamon, J., Ali, S., Kakar, N., Analla, A., Moudden, R. E., Shihadeh, L., Patel, S., Hudson, B., Khan, F., et al. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-90572-5.00007-x · Cited by 7
Chen, Y., He, L.-X., Chen, J., Xu, X. S., Wang, J.-J., Zhan, X.-H., Jiao, J.-W., Dong, G., Li, E., & Xu, L. (2022) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2022.104894 · Cited by 6
“Differences in food consumption have been shown to regulate the intestinal microbiota composition and its ability to store dietary energy, resulting in the development of various phenotypes (Caesar et al., 2015; Ridaura et al., 2013).”
The Healthiest Diet for You: Scientific Aspects
Simopoulos, A. P. (2022) · MDPI eBooks · doi:10.3390/books978-3-0365-2734-5 · Cited by 6
The Healthiest Diet for You: Scientific Aspects
Simopoulos, A. P. (2022) · MDPI eBooks · doi:10.3390/books978-3-0365-2734-5-1 · Cited by 7
Lu, X., Huang, L., Chen, Y., Hu, L., Zhong, R., Chen, L., Cheng, W., Zheng, B., & Liang, P. (2023) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods12081687 · Cited by 6
“Marine DHA/EPA-PLs have received more and more attention due to their beneficial health effects, which have been reported to significantly regulate dyslipidemia [28] and prevent cardiovascular diseases [29], NAFLD [30,31], atherosclerosis [32], hypertension [33], allergies [34], and neurodegenerative pathologies [35].”
Kazura, W., Michalczyk, K., & Stygar, D. M. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15143082 · Cited by 6
“These results suggest that the gut microbiota may promote metabolic inflammation through TLR signaling when challenged with a diet rich in saturated fats [130].”
Cava, E., Spadaccini, D., Aimaretti, G., Marzullo, P., Cavigiolo, B., Farinelli, D., Gennari, A., Saggia, C., Carbonelli, M. G., Riso, S., et al. (2023) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers15174401 · Cited by 6
“It (I) has a lipid-lowering effect; (II) confers protection against oxidative stress, inflammation, and platelet aggregation; (III) induces the modification of hormones and growth factors involved in the pathogenesis of cancer; (IV) inhibits nutrient sensing pathways by specific amino-acid restriction; and (V) produce…”
Wang, Y.-Y., Lin, H., Wang, K.-L., Que, G., Cao, T., Zhu, L.-M., Yang, X., & Yang, X. (2023) · Chinese Medical Sciences Journal · doi:10.24920/004220 · Cited by 7
Sánchez‐Samper, E. P., Gómez-Gallego, C., Andreo‐Martínez, P., Salminen, S., & Ros, G. (2017) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/c7fo00819h · Cited by 7
Zhou, Y., Ren, X., Li, B., Tang, H., Guo, Y., Yang, L., Han, J. Z., & Zhou, B. (2025) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.5c12302 · Cited by 5
Roberts, L. J., Oba, P. M., & Swanson, K. S. (2023) · Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.1093/jas/skad093 · Cited by 7
Chai, Z., Zhang, H., Ji, X., Hu, X., He, Y., Zhao, F., Song, C., Zhou, Y., Li, T., He, C., et al. (2024) · Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids · doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2024.102643 · Cited by 5
Docosahexaenoic acid supplementation and infant brain development: role of gut microbiome
Fang, X., Lee, S., Rayalam, S., & Park, H. J. (2024) · Nutrition Research · doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2024.08.005 · Cited by 5
Deciphering the role of dietary modifications and gut dysbiosis in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Vachher, M., Kaur, K., Marothia, M., Burman, A., Deepanjana, & Bansal, S. (2025) · Human Nutrition & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.hnm.2025.200305 · Cited by 7
Preclinical animal tumor models to study prevention of colon cancer recurrence by curcumin
Majumdar, A. P. N. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814704-7.00012-x · Cited by 5
Interaction Between Natural Products and Gut Microbiota
Ağagündüz, D., Cemali, Ö., & Çelik, E. (2022) · Current Pharmacology Reports · doi:10.1007/s40495-022-00309-5 · Cited by 6
Identification of food and nutrient components as predictors of Lactobacillus colonization
Thompson, S. C., Ford, A., Moothedan, E., Stafford, L. S., Garrett, T. J., Dahl, W. J., Conesa, A., González, C. F., & Lorca, G. L. (2023) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2023.1118679 · Cited by 6
Gut Microbiota and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Longo, S., Menghini, R., & Federici, M. (2023) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-08115-6_8-1 · Cited by 5
Huang, P., Chen, Z., Li, W., Su, A.-R. Z. Z.-H. Z. Q.-Z., & Cui, C. (2024) · Food Science and Human Wellness · doi:10.26599/fshw.2024.9250098 · Cited by 5
“This finding is consistent with the report by Caesar et al. The Spearman correlation analysis was used to explore the interrelations between gut microbiota and other parameterst.”
Ndou, S. P., Kiarie, E. G., de Lange, C. F., & Nyachoti, C. M. (2024) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.05.013 · Cited by 5
Spisni, E., Turroni, S., Shahaj, S., Spigarelli, R., Ayala, D., & Valerii, M. C. (2020) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.94043 · Cited by 7
Gut Microbiota: A New Regulator of Cardiovascular Function
Bulgakova, S. V., Захарова, Н. О., & Иванович, Р. П. (2021) · Bulletin of Science and Practice · doi:10.33619/2414-2948/62/20 · Cited by 5
Weight and organ specific immune cell profiling of sleeve gastrectomy in mice
Harris, D. A., Subramaniam, R., Brenner, T. A., Tavakkoli, A., & Sheu, E. G. (2021) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154729 · Cited by 6
Gut Microbiota and Specific Response to Diet
Amamou, A., O’Mahony, C., Llopis-Grimalt, M. A., Cruzel, G., Caplice, N. M., Herisson, F. M., & Ghosh, S. K. (2023) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-08115-6_17-1 · Cited by 5
Trautwein, E. A., Peters, H. P. F., Mela, D. J., Edwards, C. A., Herrema, H., Fu, J., Geldof, M., & Albers, R. (2018) · Trends in Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2018.09.005 · Cited by 5
Microbial Impact on Host Metabolism: Opportunities for Novel Treatments of Nutritional Disorders?
Plovier, H., & Cani, P. D. (2018) · ASM Press eBooks · doi:10.1128/9781555819705.ch5 · Cited by 5
Self-citationIsraelian, N., & Danska, J. S. (2017) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-70178-3_7 · Cited by 5
He, T., Zhang, J., Zhao, A., Luo, S., Jiang, H., Tang, M., & Zhang, Y. (2025) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2025.09.006 · Cited by 4
Torrico, E. C., Kaptein, P., Laalouhmi, F., Mitsialis, V., Guendouzi, S. E., Khayari, A. E., Baha, C. E., Htite, E. D., Chawluk, S., Gauthier, C. D., et al. (2026) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2026.02.014 · Cited by 4
Song, A., Li, Y., Wang, W., Hu, Y., Xu, J., Xu, Z., Zhou, L. Y., & Liu, J. (2024) · Natural Products and Bioprospecting · doi:10.1007/s13659-024-00461-z · Cited by 4
“As mentioned above, this may be because oral force-feeding tubes containing 15% dietary lipids could negatively impact intestinal microbiota structure thereby affecting SCFA production [35–38].”
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and gut microbiota
Hull, M. A., & Sun, H. (2025) · Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care · doi:10.1097/mco.0000000000001176 · Cited by 4
Chemomicrobiome analysis of lithium ascorbate and other organic lithium salts
Torshin, I. Y., Громова, О. А., & Лазебник, Л. Б. (2022) · Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология · doi:10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-205-9-95-104 · Cited by 4
Yehezkel, A. S., Abudi, N., Nevo, Y., Benyamini, H., Elgavish, S., Weinstock, M., & Abramovitch, R. (2023) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1226808 · Cited by 4
“CD36 facilitates the intracellular uptake of FFAs and their esterification into triglycerides, while FASN catalyzes the last step in fatty acid Frontiers in Endocrinology 08 biosynthesis and is believed to be a major determinant of lipogenesis (32, 33).”
InfluentialLi, Z., Gao, W., Yuan, H., Pan, X., Yuan, R., Wang, W., Guan, L., Hu, L., Chen, Y., Cheng, Z., et al. (2024) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167571 · Cited by 4
Волкова, Н. И., Naboka, Y. L., Ganenko, L. A., & OKSENYUK, O. S. (2020) · Medical Herald of the South of Russia · doi:10.21886/2219-8075-2020-11-2-38-45 · Cited by 4
Otegbeye, E. E., Fritz, C. D. L., Liao, J., Smith, R. K., & Cao, Y. (2021) · Current Colorectal Cancer Reports · doi:10.1007/s11888-021-00465-8 · Cited by 5
Összefüggés a bél-hiperpermeabilitás és az elhízás között
Ságodi, L., Sólyom, E., Ságodi, L., & Almási, A. (2022) · Orvosi Hetilap · doi:10.1556/650.2022.32542 · Cited by 4
Role of gut microbiota in food safety
So, S. Y., Wu, Q., & Savidge, T. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819470-6.00012-3 · Cited by 5
Paden, H., Kurbatfinski, N., Poelstra, J. W., Ormiston, K., Orchard, T., & Ilić, S. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15030724 · Cited by 4
“It is generally associated with positive health outcomes and increased longevity [8], and its presence in the murine gastrointestinal microbiome has previously been shown to increase in mice fed fish-oil [17].”
Advanced omics techniques shed light on CD1d-mediated lipid antigen presentation to iNKT cells
Morris, I., Croes, C.-A., Boes, M. L., & Kalkhoven, E. (2023) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids · doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159292 · Cited by 4
Zhang, C., Zhang, R., Cheng, Y., Chen, J., Zhu, R., Gao, L., & Han, M. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29813 · Cited by 4
“Caesar et al. [55] reported elevated serum endotoxin levels without bacterial translocation in mice fed a high-fat diet for 11 weeks.”
Rahim, H., Taylor, M. R., Hirota, S. A., & Greenway, S. C. (2018) · Transplant Research and Risk Management · doi:10.2147/trrm.s143063 · Cited by 5
“70 TLR4 signaling has also been found to dysregu-late the gut microbiome through the altered expression of antimicrobial peptides, resulting in a feedback loop of gut microbial modulation.”
The Gut Microbiome in Vegetarians
de Moraes, A. C. F., de Almeida-Pititto, B., & Ferreira, S. R. G. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815249-2.00041-5 · Cited by 4
Lipid Digestion: In Vitro and In Vivo Models and Insights
Pascoviche, D., & Lesmes, U. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-56909-9_3 · Cited by 3
Fatty Acids and Gut Microbiota
Costantini, L., Molinari, R., Farinon, B., & Merendino, N. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819265-8.00026-7 · Cited by 4
The Gut Microbiota and Host Metabolism
Schroeder, B. O. (2022) · Progress in inflammation research · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-91051-8_5 · Cited by 4
Houben, T., Penders, J., Oligschlaeger, Y., dos Reis, I. M., Bonder, M. J., Koonen, D. P. Y., Fu, J., Hofker, M. H., & Shiri‐Sverdlov, R. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-51525-x · Cited by 4
Revelo, X. S., Fredrickson, G., Florczak, K. L., Barrow, F., DIETSCHE, K. B., Wang, H., Parthiban, P., Almutlaq, R. N., Adeyi, O. A., Herman, A., et al. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3446960/v1 · Cited by 4
Myrmel, L. S., Fjære, E., Han, M., Jensen, B. A. H., Rolle-Kampczyk, U. E., Danneskiold‐Samsøe, N. B., Ho, Q. T., Smette, A., von Bergen�, M., Xiao, L., et al. (2024) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.202400246 · Cited by 3
Yang, H., Song, X., Huang, X., Yu, B., Lin, C., Du, J., Yang, J., Luo, Q., Li, J., Feng, Y., et al. (2024) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods13213383 · Cited by 3
“Recent research has indicated that Akkermansia enhances metabolic health and protects against diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and intestinal inflammation in animals [32,36,37].”
Guagliano, G., Boeri, L., Merli, M., Yan, H., Vangosa, F. B., Visai, L., Visentin, S., Petrini, P., & Sardelli, L. (2025) · Materials Today Bio · doi:10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.101937 · Cited by 4
Xu, C., Wen, J., Guo, M., Zhang, J., Sun, C., Liu, X., Meng, Z., Yu, Y., & Wen, D. (2025) · Nutrition Journal · doi:10.1186/s12937-025-01262-x · Cited by 3
“This microbial shift enhances short-chain fatty acid production, which in turn stimulates satiety hormones including peptide YY and glucagon-like peptide-1, creating a beneficial metabolic feedback loop [128, 129].”
Marinaccio, C., Giovanetti, M., Neri, B., Biasutto, D., D’Amico, A., Altomare, A., Branda, F., Restaneo, L., Ciccozzi, M., Cicala, M., et al. (2026) · Antibiotics · doi:10.3390/antibiotics15050445 · Cited by 3
Gough, R., Barratt, J., Stark, D. J., & Ellis, J. (2019) · Parasitology · doi:10.1017/s0031182019001173 · Cited by 3
“muciniphila corresponded with a reduction in gastrointestinal inflammation in mice, a finding potentially at odds with the data returned from our study (Caesar et al., 2015).”
Wanezaki, S., Taniwaki, T., Miyamoto, J., & Hosokawa, M. (2023) · Journal of Oleo Science · doi:10.5650/jos.ess22363 · Cited by 3
Nekrasova, A. I., Kalashnikova, I., Korobeinikova, A. V., Ashniev, G. A., Bobrova, M. M., Bakoev, S. Y., Petriaikina, E. S., Nekrasov, A. S., Zagaynova, A. V., Lukashina, M. V., et al. (2024) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines12112472 · Cited by 3
Advancements in the Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Implications of Intestinal Bacteria
Lu, D., Ma, X., Tao, K., & Lei, H. (2025) · Current Issues in Molecular Biology · doi:10.3390/cimb47020106 · Cited by 3
“For example, saturated fats promote bacteria associated with weight gain and insulin resistance, whereas unsaturated fats support beneficial bacteria ( Bifidobacterium, Akkermansia and Lactobacillus ) [33].”
Guillocheau, É., Milard, M., Rioux, V., Bourlieu, C., & Michalski, M. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-48686-0_10 · Cited by 3
Heiss, C. N., Gravert, E., Hultén, M., & Olofsson, L. E. (2022) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-022-02802-w · Cited by 3
Microplastic toxicity and the gut microbiome
Karim, M. M., Shivappa, P., Dileep, N., Jhuma, T. A., & Hossain, A. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-822238-6.00019-4 · Cited by 3
Gut Microbiota and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Longo, S., Menghini, R., & Federici, M. (2024) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-35064-1_8 · Cited by 3
Cold water swimming reshapes gut microbiome to improve high-fat diet-induced obesity
Men, J., Cui, C., Li, H., Li, Z., Zhang, Y., Liu, Z., Wang, Q., Liu, P., Zou, S., Yu, Z., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2025.1589902 · Cited by 3
MicroRNAs: Decoders of Dysbiosis into Metabolic Diseases?
Sérino, M. (2016) · Journal of Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.4172/2155-6156.1000698 · Cited by 2
“Indeed, both liver [19,35,36] and adipose tissue [37-39] have been shown to be specifically and deeply targeted by dysbiosis of gut microbiota, as reported above.”
Unger, A. L., Jetton, T. L., & Kraft, J. (2021) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114521004001 · Cited by 3
“Gut microbiota are increasingly recognised as a critical factor for health maintenance and disease pathogenesis(71–75), and studies have established that diet is integral to this relationship(51,54,76).”
Wu, S., Huang, Y., Huang, X., & Dai, X. (2022) · Inflammation · doi:10.1007/s10753-021-01610-z · Cited by 3
“Bacterial infection and chronic lard feeding cause increased LPS in serum [34, 35].”
Debugging the host browns the fat
Yeoh, B. S., & Vijay–Kumar, M. (2015) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.3999 · Cited by 3
Chilloux, J., Brial, F., Everard, A., Smyth, D. R., Andrikopoulos, P., Zhang, L., Plovier, H., Myridakis, A., Hoyles, L., Moreno‐Navarrete, J. M., et al. (2018) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/277434 · Cited by 3
Self-citationRifkin, S. B., Sen, A., Turgeon, D. K., Chan, R., Ruffin, M. T., Brenner, D. E., Schloss, P. D., & Djurić, Z. (2021) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.10.11.21264748 · Cited by 3
Liu, Z., Wang, P., Wei, J., Li, J., Luo, X., Zhang, X., Zhang, X., Li, W., & Qin, Q. (2025) · Fish & Shellfish Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110165 · Cited by 2
Wang, Y., Zhao, L., Huang, S., Peng, J., Wu, K., & Wu, M. (2025) · Food Research International · doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2025.117245 · Cited by 2
A systems approach for elucidating the role of the microbiome in epigenetic cellular memory
Pederson, J. W., & Nita‐Lazar, A. (2025) · mSystems · doi:10.1128/msystems.00185-25 · Cited by 2
“Microbiota are thought to educate innate immune cells through constitutive low-level escape of microbiome-derived molecules into the circulation, which can activate innate immune cells or reach distal sites such as the brain and other tissues (17–19).”
Zhao, S. N., Deng, Z. N., Xing, B., Hu, X. N., Xu, W. N., Hong, M. N., & Jiang, P. N. (2025) · Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.31083/ceog45098 · Cited by 2
Multiomic Analysis Reveals Molecular Pathways Associated with Intestinal Aggregation of α-Synuclein
Balsamo, J. M., Yan, Y., Thai, D., Cologna, S. M., & Bess, E. N. (2026) · ACS Chemical Biology · doi:10.1021/acschembio.5c00686 · Cited by 3
Diet, Gut Microbiota, and Intestinal Permeability: Emerging Mechanisms in Hypertension Pathogenesis
Vashisht, E., Nguyen, H., Marques, F. Z., & Snelson, M. (2026) · Canadian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2026.03.005 · Cited by 4
Moon, H., Cha, Y., & Kim, K. (2026) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.70462 · Cited by 2
Obesity and the microbiome: Big changes on a small scale?
Ubags, N. D. J., & Marsland, B. J. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813553-2.00012-9 · Cited by 3
Leveraging the Microbiome for Obesity: Moving From Form to Function
Lee, A. H., Manly, A., & Dong, T. S. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.918923 · Cited by 2
Dietary Modulation of the Gut Microbiome in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Cundra, L. B., Saadeh, M., Vallabhaneni, M., Houston, K., D’Souza, S. M., & Johnson, D. A. (2022) · Recent Progress in Nutrition · doi:10.21926/rpn.2203019 · Cited by 3
Diet, Gut Dysbiosis and Liver Cirrhosis and their Influence upon Hepatic Encephalopathy
de Jesus, R. P., Boulhosa, R. S. S. B., Oliveira, L., Cunha, C., Matos, A. N., Cavalcante, L. N., Dezan, M. G. F., Bueno, A. A., & Lyra, A. C. (2022) · Medical Research Archives · doi:10.18103/mra.v10i8.2915 · Cited by 2
Effects of functional oligosaccharide on regulating gut microbiota in obese mice: a short review
Bai, W., Liu, X., Fan, Q., & Guo, B. (2023) · Food Science and Technology · doi:10.1590/fst.113222 · Cited by 2
Parunyakul, K., Chuchoiy, A., Kooltueon, S., Puttagamnerd, P., Srisuksai, K., Santativongchai, P., Pongchairerk, U., Tulayakul, P., E-kobon, T., & Fungfuang, W. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0289073 · Cited by 3
Gut Microbiota and Specific Response to Diet
Amamou, A., O’Mahony, C., Llopis-Grimalt, M. A., Cruzel, G., Caplice, N. M., Herisson, F. M., & Ghosh, S. K. (2024) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-35064-1_17 · Cited by 4
Li, W., Wu, W., Zhang, Y., Tang, X., Zheng, X., & Huang, X. (2024) · Food Science and Human Wellness · doi:10.26599/fshw.2024.9250070 · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Caesar, R., Tremaroli, V., Kovatcheva-Datchary, P., Cani, P. D., & Bäckhed, F.
- Affiliations
- University of Gothenburg (SE)
- Walloon Excellence in Lifesciences and Biotechnology (BE)
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Caesar, Robert
- Bäckhed, Fredrik
- Venue
- Cell Metabolism
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-10
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 658-668
- ISSN
- 1550-4131 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4598654
- OpenAlex
- W2096736123
- Cited by
- 960
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 43 · 2025: 52 · 2024: 76 · 2023: 89 · 2022: 124 · 2021: 109 · 2020: 114 · 2019: 105 · 2018: 88 · 2017: 85 · 2016: 59 · 2015: 12
- FWCI
- 35.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell Metabolism (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Digital Access to Libraries (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Stiftelsen för Strategisk Forskning
- Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS (WELBIO-CR-2012S-02R)
- Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse
- Novo Nordisk
- Vetenskapsrådet
- Göteborgs Universitet
- Novo Nordisk Fonden (NNF13OC0008163)
- Walloon excellence in life sciences and biotechnology
- Wageningen University and Research
- Uppsala Multidisciplinary Center for Advanced Computational Science
- FP7 Food, Agriculture and Fisheries, Biotechnology
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, dietary fat, white adipose tissue inflammation, Toll-like receptor signaling, lard, fish oil, saturated fatty acids, insulin sensitivity, metabolic inflammation, CCL2 chemokine, MyD88, TRIF, germ-free mice
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Animals, Bacteria, Body Weight, DNA, Bacterial, Fish Oils, Inflammation, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Phylogeny, Signal Transduction, Mice, Knockout, Chemokine CCL2, Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport, Gastrointestinal Tract, Toll-Like Receptors, Mice, Adipose Tissue, White, Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88, Diet, High-Fat
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
