Atlas of exercise metabolism reveals time-dependent signatures of metabolic homeostasis
Open accessAbstract
Tissue sensitivity and response to exercise vary according to the time of day and alignment of circadian clocks, but the optimal exercise time to elicit a desired metabolic outcome is not fully defined. To understand how tissues independently and collectively respond to timed exercise, we applied a systems biology approach. We mapped and compared global metabolite responses of seven different mouse tissues and serum after an acute exercise bout performed at different times of the day. Comparative analyses of intra- and inter-tissue metabolite dynamics, including temporal profiling and blood sampling across liver and hindlimb muscles, uncovered an unbiased view of local and systemic metabolic responses to exercise unique to time of day. This comprehensive atlas of exercise metabolism provides clarity and physiological context regarding the production and distribution of canonical and novel time-dependent exerkine metabolites, such as 2-hydroxybutyrate (2-HB), and reveals insight into the health-promoting benefits of exercise on metabolism.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
A 2022 study provided an atlas of time-dependent effects of exercise across multiple tissues after a single treadmill exercise bout.
“a study published in 2022, which included an atlas describing the time-dependent effects of exercise across multiple tissues after a single bout of treadmill exercise24.”
From Exerkines in health, resilience and disease (2022) · cites this paper as [24]
The benefits of exercise on cardiovascular health go beyond 'traditional' CVD risk factors, partly owing to the release of exercise-derived factors or exerkines.
“The benefits of exercise on cardiovascular health go beyond 'traditional' CVD risk factors, partly owing to the release of exercise-derived factors or exerkines (Figure 4).”
From Exercise benefits in cardiovascular diseases: From mechanisms to clinical implementation (2023) · cites this paper as [173]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
Kanehisa, M. (2000) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/28.1.27 · Cited by 37,077 · see citing works
Newgard, C. B., An, J., Bain, J. R., Muehlbauer, M. J., Stevens, R. D., Lien, L. F., Haqq, A. M., Shah, S. H., Arlotto, M., Slentz, C. A., et al. (2009) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2009.02.002 · Cited by 3,165 · see citing works
Damiola, F., Le Minh, N., Preitner, N., Kornmann, B., Fleury-Olela, F., & Schibler, U. (2000) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.183500 · Cited by 2,394 · see citing works
Energy Metabolism in the Liver
Rui, L. (2014) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c130024 · Cited by 2,258 · see citing works
Using MetaboAnalyst 4.0 for Comprehensive and Integrative Metabolomics Data Analysis
Chong, J., Wishart, D. S., & Xia, J. (2019) · Current Protocols in Bioinformatics · doi:10.1002/cpbi.86 · Cited by 2,144 · see citing works
Exercise Metabolism and the Molecular Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Adaptation
Egan, B., & Zierath, J. R. (2013) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2012.12.012 · Cited by 2,084 · see citing works
Self-citationHatori, M., Vollmers, C., Zarrinpar, A., DiTacchio, L., Bushong, E. A., Gill, S., Leblanc, M., Chaix, A., Joens, M., Fitzpatrick, J. A. J., et al. (2012) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2012.04.019 · Cited by 1,986 · see citing works
Evans, A. M., DeHaven, C. D., Barrett, T., Mitchell, M. W., & Milgram, K. E. (2009) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac901536h · Cited by 1,315 · see citing works
Circadian Control of the NAD <sup>+</sup> Salvage Pathway by CLOCK-SIRT1
Nakahata, Y., Sahar, S., Astarita, G., Kaluzova, M., & Sassone-Corsi, P. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1170803 · Cited by 1,198 · see citing works
Self-citationIntegrative Biology of Exercise
Hawley, J. A., Hargreaves, M., Joyner, M. J., & Zierath, J. R. (2014) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.10.029 · Cited by 1,152 · see citing works
Self-citationCircadian Clock Feedback Cycle Through NAMPT-Mediated NAD <sup>+</sup> Biosynthesis
Ramsey, K. M., Yoshino, J., Brace, C. S., Abrassart, D., Kobayashi, Y., Marcheva, B., Hong, H.-K., Chong, J. L., Buhr, E. D., Lee, C., et al. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1171641 · Cited by 1,126 · see citing works
AMPK regulates the circadian clock by cryptochrome phosphorylation and degradation
Lamia, K. A., Sachdeva, U. M., DiTacchio, L., Williams, E. C., Alvarez, J. G., Egan, D. F., Vasquez, D. S., Juguilon, H., Panda, S., Shaw, R. J., et al. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1172156 · Cited by 958 · see citing works
Gall, W. E., Beebe, K. D., Lawton, K. A., Adam, K., Mitchell, M. W., Nakhle, P. J., Ryals, J. A., Milburn, M. V., Nannipieri, M., Camastra, S., et al. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010883 · Cited by 702 · see citing works
The evolving metabolic landscape of chromatin biology and epigenetics
Dai, Z., Ramesh, V., & Locasale, J. W. (2020) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41576-020-0270-8 · Cited by 494 · see citing works
2-Aminoadipic acid is a biomarker for diabetes risk
Wang, T. J., Ngo, D., Psychogios, N., Dejam, A., Larson, M. G., Vasan, R. S., Ghorbani, A., O’Sullivan, J., Cheng, S. C., Rhee, E. P., et al. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci64801 · Cited by 450 · see citing works
Lactate is always the end product of glycolysis
Rogatzki, M. J., Ferguson, B. S., Goodwin, M. L., & Gladden, L. B. (2015) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2015.00022 · Cited by 428 · see citing works
Peek, C. B., Levine, D. C., Cedernaes, J., Taguchi, A., Kobayashi, Y., Tsai, S. J., Bonar, N. A., McNulty, M., Ramsey, K. M., & Bass, J. T. (2016) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2016.09.010 · Cited by 415 · see citing works
The emerging link between cancer, metabolism, and circadian rhythms
Masri, S., & Sassone‐Corsi, P. (2018) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0271-8 · Cited by 406 · see citing works
Self-citationRegulators of the transsulfuration pathway
Sbodio, J. I., Snyder, S. H., & Paul, B. D. (2018) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.14446 · Cited by 379 · see citing works
Atlas of Circadian Metabolism Reveals System-wide Coordination and Communication between Clocks
Dyar, K. A., Lutter, D., Artati, A., Ceglia, N., Liu, Y., Armenta, D., Jastroch, M., Schneider, S., de Mateo, S., Cervantes, M., et al. (2018) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2018.08.042 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Self-citationTime of exercise specifies the impact on muscle metabolic pathways and systemic energy homeostasis
Sato, S., Basse, A. L., Schönke, M., Chen, S., Samad, M., Altıntaş, A., Laker, R. C., Dalbram, E., Barrès, R., Baldi, P., et al. (2019) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2019.03.013 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Self-citationScheduled exercise phase shifts the circadian clock in skeletal muscle
WOLFF, G., & ESSER, K. A. (2012) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e318255cf4c · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Rhythmic Oxygen Levels Reset Circadian Clocks through HIF1α
Adamovich, Y., Ladeuix, B., Golik, M., Koeners, M. P., & Asher, G. (2016) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2016.09.014 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Diet-Induced Circadian Enhancer Remodeling Synchronizes Opposing Hepatic Lipid Metabolic Processes
Guan, D., Xiong, Y., Borck, P. C., Jang, C., Doulias, P., Papazyan, R., Fang, B., Jiang, C., Zhang, Y., Briggs, E. R., et al. (2018) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2018.06.031 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Hepatic NADH reductive stress underlies common variation in metabolic traits
Goodman, R. P., Markhard, A. L., Shah, H., Sharma, R., Skinner, O. S., Clish, C. B., Deik, A., Patgiri, A., Hsu, Y.-H. H., Masia, R., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2337-2 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Ford, L. A., Kennedy, A. D., Goodman, K. D., Pappan, K. L., Evans, A. M., Miller, L. A. D., Wulff, J. E., Wiggs, B. R., Lennon, J. J., Elsea, S. H., et al. (2020) · The Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.1093/jalm/jfz026 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Plasma Metabolome Profiling of Resistance Exercise and Endurance Exercise in Humans
Morville, T. H., Sahl, R. E., Möritz, T., Helge, J. W., & Clemmensen, C. (2020) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108554 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Physiological and Molecular Dissection of Daily Variance in Exercise Capacity
Ezagouri, S., Zwighaft, Z., Sobel, J., Baillieul, S., Doutreleau, S., Ladeuix, B., Golik, M., Vergès, S., & Asher, G. (2019) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2019.03.012 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Liu, Y., Guo, J., Liu, Y., Wang, K., Ding, W., Wang, H., Liu, X., Zhou, S., Lu, X., Yang, H., et al. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-06841-7 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Metabolic communication during exercise
Murphy, R. M., Watt, M. J., & Febbraio, M. A. (2020) · Nature Metabolism · doi:10.1038/s42255-020-0258-x · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Chrono-nutrition for the prevention and treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes: from mice to men
Hawley, J. A., Sassone‐Corsi, P., & Zierath, J. R. (2020) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-020-05238-w · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Self-citationDyar, K. A., Hubert, M. J., Mir, A. A., Ciciliot, S., Lutter, D., Greulich, F., Quagliarini, F., Kleinert, M., Fischer, K., Eichmann, T. O., et al. (2018) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2005886 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Self-citationLegault, J. T., Strittmatter, L., Tardif, J., Sharma, R., Vaillancourt, V. T., Aubut, C., Boucher, G., Clish, C. B., Cyr, D., Daneault, C., et al. (2015) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2015.09.054 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Schroeder, A., Truong, D. A., Loh, D. H., Jordan, M. C., Roos, K. P., & Colwell, C. S. (2012) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2012.233676 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Lundell, L. S., Parr, E. B., Devlin, B. L., Ingerslev, L. R., Altıntaş, A., Sato, S., Sassone‐Corsi, P., Barrès, R., Zierath, J. R., & Hawley, J. A. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-18412-w · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Self-citationLuukkonen, P. K., Zhou, Y., Haridas, P. A. N., Dwivedi, O. P., Hyötyläinen, T., Ali, A., Juuti, A., Leivonen, M., Tukiainen, T., Ahonen, L. L., et al. (2017) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2017.02.014 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
CircadiOmics: integrating circadian genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics
Patel, V. R., Eckel‐Mahan, K. L., Sassone‐Corsi, P., & Baldi, P. (2012) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.2111 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Self-citationCistromic Reprogramming of the Diurnal Glucocorticoid Hormone Response by High-Fat Diet
Quagliarini, F., Mir, A. A., Balázs, K., Wierer, M., Dyar, K. A., Jouffe, C., Makris, K., Hawe, J. S., Heinig, M., Filipp, F. V., et al. (2019) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2019.10.007 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Self-citationAichler, M., Borgmann, D. M., Krumsiek, J., Buck, A., MacDonald, P. E., Fox, J. E. M., Lyon, J. G., Light, P. E., Keipert, S., Jastroch, M., et al. (2017) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2017.04.012 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Self-citationTreebak, J. T., Pehmøller, C., Kristensen, J. M., Kjøbsted, R., Birk, J. B., Schjerling, P., Richter, E. A., Goodyear, L. J., & Wojtaszewski, J. F. P. (2014) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2013.266338 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Self-citationWhat time is it? Deep learning approaches for circadian rhythms
Agostinelli, F., Ceglia, N., Shahbaba, B., Sassone‐Corsi, P., & Baldi, P. (2016) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btw243 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Self-citationA layout algorithm for undirected compound graphs
Doğrusöz, U., Giral, E., Çetintaş, A., Çivril, A., & Demir, E. (2008) · Information Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ins.2008.11.017 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Kretzschmar, M., & Müller, D. (1993) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/00007256-199315030-00005 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Nilsen, M. S., Jersin, R. Å., Ulvik, A., Madsen, A., McCann, A., Svensson, P., Svensson, M. K. E., Nedrebø, B. G., Gudbrandsen, O. A., Tell, G. S., et al. (2020) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db19-1174 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Time-of-day dependent effects of contractile activity on the phase of the skeletal muscle clock
Kemler, D., Wolff, C. A., & Esser, K. A. (2020) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp279779 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Brandauer, J., Agerholm, M., Kellezi, H., Risis, S., Frøsig, C., Vienberg, S. G., & Treebak, J. T. (2015) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2015.00085 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Self-citationQuantitative flux analysis in mammals
Bartman, C., TeSlaa, T. A., & Rabinowitz, J. D. (2021) · Nature Metabolism · doi:10.1038/s42255-021-00419-2 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
The formation of 2-hydroxybutyric acid in experimental animals
Landaas, S. (1975) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/0009-8981(75)90481-7 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Clinical applications of urinary organic acids. Part I: Detoxification markers.
Lord, R. S., & Bralley, J. A. (2008) · PubMed · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Contraction influences Per2 gene expression in skeletal muscle through a calcium‐dependent pathway
Small, L., Altıntaş, A., Laker, R. C., Ehrlich, A. M., Pattamaprapanont, P., Villarroel, J., Pillon, N. J., Zierath, J. R., & Barrès, R. (2020) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp280428 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationDe novo discovery of metabolic heterogeneity with immunophenotype-guided imaging mass spectrometry
Prade, V. M., Kunzke, T., Feuchtinger, A., et al. (2020) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2020.01.017 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citationCircadiOmics: circadian omic web portal
Ceglia, N., Liu, Y., Chen, S., Agostinelli, F., Eckel‐Mahan, K. L., Sassone‐Corsi, P., & Baldi, P. (2018) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gky441 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationPurine salvage to adenine nucleotides in different skeletal muscle fiber types
Brault, J. J., & Terjung, R. L. (2001) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.2001.91.1.231 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Miyazaki, T., Honda, A., Ikegami, T., Iwamoto, J., Monma, T., Hirayama, T. T., Saito, Y., Yamashita, K., & Matsuzaki, Y. (2015) · SpringerPlus · doi:10.1186/s40064-015-1304-0 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Warner, S. O., Yao, M. V., Cason, R. L., & Winnick, J. J. (2020) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.00567 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Derangements of amino acids in cachectic skeletal muscle are caused by mitochondrial dysfunction
Kunzke, T., Buck, A., Prade, V. M., Feuchtinger, A., Prokopchuk, O., Martignoni, M., Heisz, S., Hauner, H., Janssen, K., Walch, A., et al. (2019) · Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle · doi:10.1002/jcsm.12498 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationHartonen, M., Mattila, I. M., Ruskeepää, A.-L., et al. (2013) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2013.04.005 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
RELi protocol: Optimization for protein extraction from white, brown and beige adipose tissues
Diaz-Marin, R., Crespo‐Garcia, S., Wilson, A. M., & Sapieha, P. S. (2019) · MethodsX · doi:10.1016/j.mex.2019.04.010 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Hsu, Y.-H. H., Astley, C. M., Cole, J. B., Vedantam, S., Mercader, J. M., Metspalu, A., Fischer, K., Fortney, K., Morgen, E. K., González, C., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/s41366-020-0603-x · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Oxidative Stress in Skeletal Muscle
Bartosz, G. (1999) · Cell Biology International · doi:10.1006/cbir.1999.0360 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Exerkines in health, resilience and disease
Chow, L. S., Gerszten, R. E., Taylor, J. M., Pedersen, B. K., van Praag, H., Trappe, S., Febbraio, M. A., Galis, Z. S., Gao, Y., Haus, J. M., et al. (2022) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/s41574-022-00641-2 · Cited by 927 · see citing works
Self-citationExercise Metabolism and Adaptation in Skeletal Muscle
Smith, J. A. B., Murach, K. A., Dyar, K. A., & Zierath, J. R. (2023) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/s41580-023-00606-x · Cited by 342 · see citing works
Self-citationExercise benefits in cardiovascular diseases: From mechanisms to clinical implementation
Valenzuela, P. L., Ruilope, L. M., Santos-Lozano, A., Wilhelm, M., Kränkel, N., Fiuza-Luces, C., & Lucia, A. (2023) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehad170 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Exercise Induces Tissue-Specific Adaptations to Enhance Cardiometabolic Health
Ashcroft, S. P., Stocks, B., Egan, B., & Zierath, J. R. (2024) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2023.12.008 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Self-citationCoomans de Brachène, A., Scoubeau, C., Musuaya, A. E., Costa-Junior, J. M., Castela, A., Carpentier, J., Faoro, V., Klass, M., Cnop, M., & Eizirik, D. L. (2023) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-022-05837-9 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“Other organs besides skeletal muscle also secrete exerciseinduced factors into the bloodstream, the so-called exerkines [32, 33].”
BackgroundMalin, S. K., Remchak, M. E., Smith, A. J., Ragland, T. J., Heiston, E. M., & Cheema, U. (2022) · Experimental Physiology · doi:10.1113/ep090613 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
- Authors
- Sato, S., Dyar, K. A., Treebak, J. T., Jepsen, S. L., Ehrlich, A. M., Ashcroft, S. P., Trost, K., Kunzke, T., Prade, V. M., Small, L., Basse, A. L., Schönke, M., Chen, S., Samad, M., Baldi, P., Barrès, R., Walch, A., Moritz, T., Holst, J. J., Lutter, D., Zierath, J. R., & Sassone-Corsi, P.
- Affiliations
- Inserm (FR)
- Helmholtz Munich (DE)
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lutter, Dominik
- Zierath, Juleen R.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Cell Metabolism
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-02
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 329-345.e8
- ISSN
- 1550-4131 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4225911871
- Cited by
- 203
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 37 · 2025: 46 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 45 · 2022: 35
- FWCI
- 21.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell Metabolism (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- PuSH - Publication Server of Helmholtz Zentrum München (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Site cant be reached (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale
- Københavns Universitet (NNF18CC0034900)
- Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse (2018.0094)
- Vetenskapsrådet (2015-00165)
- National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression (28681)
- Helmholtz Association (2020/21)
- Novo Nordisk Fonden (NNF14OC0011493, NNF17OC0030088)
- National Institutes of Health
- Swedish Diabetes Foundation (DIA2018-357)
- Brain and Behavior Research Foundation
- Centrum för idrottsforskning (P2020-0064)
- Diabetesförbundet
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Keywords
- exercise metabolism, circadian rhythm, time of day, metabolic homeostasis, exerkines, 2-hydroxybutyrate, hepatic metabolism, hindlimb muscles, acute exercise
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Circadian Rhythm, Homeostasis, Liver, Physical Conditioning, Animal, Mice, Metabolomics, Circadian Clocks
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
