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Cited by 45Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesTreatment of Major DepressionMental Health Research Topics

Reliability and validity of the DSM-5 anxious distress specifier interview

Zimmerman, Mark, Clark, Heather, McGonigal, Patrick, Harris, Lauren, Holst, Carolina Guzman, Martin, Jacob·2017·Comprehensive Psychiatry
DOI 10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.02.010
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Abstract

Background To acknowledge the clinical significance of anxiety in depressed patients, DSM-5 included an anxious distress specifier for major depressive disorder (MDD). In the present report we describe the reliability and validity of a semi-structured interview assessing the features of the anxious distress specifier. Our goal was to develop an instrument that could be used for both diagnostic and outcome measurement purposes.Methods One hundred seventy-three psychiatric patients with MDD were interviewed by a trained diagnostic rater who administered the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID) supplemented with questions from the DSM-5 Anxious Distress Specifier Interview (DADSI). Inter-rater (n=25) and test-retest (n=25) reliability of the DADSI was examined in separate groups of patients. The patients were rated on clinician rating scales of depression, anxiety and irritability, and patients completed self-report measures of these constructs. Sensitivity to change was examined in 16 patients.Results Approximately three-quarters of the depressed patients met the criteria for the anxious distress specifier (78.0%, n=135). The DADSI had excellent joint-interview reliability and good test-retest reliability. DADSI total scores were more highly correlated with other clinician-rated and self-report measures of anxiety than with measures of depression and anger. DADSI scores were significantly higher in depressed outpatients with a current anxiety disorder than depressed patients without a comorbid anxiety disorder. The DADSI was sensitive to improvement.Conclusion The DADSI is a reliable and valid measure of the presence of the DSM-5 anxious distress specifier for MDD as well as the severity of the features of the specifier.

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  • Generally the onset of anxiety disorders precedes the onset of depression, suggesting that a temporal priority of anxiety disorders may contribute to the development of depression.

    “Recent as well as other previous studies [4,[33][34][35] also showed that generally the onset of anxiety disorders precedes the onset of depression, suggesting that a temporal priority of anxiety disorders may contribute to the development of depression [36,37].”

    From Patients with anxious depression: overview of prevalence, pathophysiology and impact on course and treatment outcome (2018) · cites this paper as [36]

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Authors
Zimmerman, M., Clark, H., McGonigal, P., Harris, L., Holst, C. G., & Martin, J.
Affiliations
Brown University (US)
Corresponding author
Zimmerman, Mark
ORCID
Venue
Comprehensive Psychiatry
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2017-07
Volume
76
Pages
11-17
ISSN
0010-440X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.02.010
OpenAlex
W2592387146
Cited by
45
References
61
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 2
FWCI
6.41
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
Locations
  • Comprehensive Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
Keywords
major depressive disorder, anxious distress, anxiety comorbidity, irritability, semi-structured interviews, inter-rater reliability, test-retest reliability, sensitivity to change, outcome measurement
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Anger, Anxiety Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Major, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Irritable Mood, Male, Middle Aged, Outpatients, Rhode Island, Reproducibility of Results, Comorbidity, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Young Adult, Self Report

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