The early postnatal period, mini-puberty, provides a window on the role of testosterone in human neurobehavioural development
Open accessAbstract
Experimental research in non-human mammals indicates that testosterone exposure during early periods of rapid brain development has enduring influences on brain and behaviour. These influences are exerted when testosterone is higher in developing males than females, and the affected characteristics are those that differ by sex. Testosterone is higher in males than in females from about weeks 8 to 24 of human gestation and then again during early infancy, and both of these periods are times of rapid brain development. Substantial evidence suggests that testosterone prenatally influences human neurobehavioral development. Emerging evidence suggests that the early postnatal period is important too. This early postnatal period could provide a window for studying testosterone interacting with experience to shape human gender development.
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Psychological differences between men and women on mental function as well as mood, motivation, and behavioral effects may involve androgen-sensitive effects during prenatal and perinatal as well as postpubertal effects.
“Psychological differences between men and women on mental function (e.g., rotational orientation) (150) as well as mood, motivation, and behavioral effects may involve androgen-sensitive effects during prenatal and perinatal as well as postpubertal effects (151, 152).”
From Circulating Testosterone as the Hormonal Basis of Sex Differences in Athletic Performance (2018) · cites this paper as [152]
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- Authors
- Hines, M., Spencer, D., Kung, K. T., Browne, W. V., Constantinescu, M., & Noorderhaven, R. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Hines, Melissa
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Neurobiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-06
- Volume
- 38
- Pages
- 69-73
- ISSN
- 0959-4388 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2293796270
- Cited by
- 74
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4
- FWCI
- 0.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Neurobiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Apollo (University of Cambridge) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Kent Academic Repository (University of Kent) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (HD024542)
- University of Cambridge
- Economic and Social Research Council (ES/I901957/1, ES/H016406/1, ES/J500033/1)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Keywords
- testosterone, early postnatal period, minipuberty, neurobehavioral development, sex differences, prenatal testosterone exposure, brain development, gender development, early infancy
- MeSH terms
- Behavior, Brain, Humans, Sex Factors, Testosterone
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