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The role of certainty (and uncertainty) in attitudes and persuasion
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“Relatedly, the more convinced you are about your trait ascription to A, the clearer your signaling of the corresponding expectations to A in your behavior (Tormala 2016)”
From What Is the Function of Confirmation Bias? (2022) · cites this paper as Tormala 2016
Citations
Cites
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Thought confidence as a determinant of persuasion: The self-validation hypothesis.
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The effects of message recipients' power before and after persuasion: A self-validation analysis.
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What doesn't kill me makes me stronger: The effects of resisting persuasion on attitude certainty.
Tormala, Z. L., & Petty, R. E. (2002) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.83.6.1298 · Cited by 346
Self-citationUnpacking attitude certainty: Attitude clarity and attitude correctness.
Petrocelli, J. V., Tormala, Z. L., & Rucker, D. D. (2007) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.92.1.30 · Cited by 322
Self-citationSource Credibility and Attitude Certainty: A Metacognitive Analysis of Resistance to Persuasion
Tormala, Z. L., & Petty, R. (2004) · Journal of Consumer Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15327663jcp1404_11 · Cited by 313
Self-citationKarmarkar, U. R., & Tormala, Z. L. (2009) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/648381 · Cited by 309
Self-citationWhen credibility attacks: The reverse impact of source credibility on persuasion
Tormala, Z. L., Briñol, P., & Petty, R. E. (2005) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2005.10.005 · Cited by 278
Self-citationLay epistemics and human knowledge: cognitive and motivational bases
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Briñol, P., Petty, R. E., & Barden, J. (2007) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.93.5.711 · Cited by 223
Barden, J., & Petty, R. E. (2008) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0012559 · Cited by 210
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Attitude Certainty: A Review of Past Findings and Emerging Perspectives
Tormala, Z. L., & Rucker, D. D. (2007) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/j.1751-9004.2007.00025.x · Cited by 207
Self-citationConsumer conviction and commitment: An appraisal‐based framework for attitude certainty
Rucker, D. D., Tormala, Z. L., Petty, R. E., & Briñol, P. (2014) · Journal of Consumer Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jcps.2013.07.001 · Cited by 202
Self-citationEase of Retrieval Effects in Persuasion: A Self-Validation Analysis
Tormala, Z. L., Petty, R. E., & Briñol, P. (2002) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/014616702237651 · Cited by 201
Self-citation11. The role of metacognition in social judgment
Petty, R. E., Briñol, P., Tormala, Z. L., & Wegener, D. T. (2007) · Dialnet (Universidad de la Rioja) · Cited by 193
Self-citationKempf, D. S., & Smith, R. E. (1998) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.2307/3152031 · Cited by 188
When resistance is futile: consequences of failed counterarguing for attitude certainty.
Rucker, D., & Petty, R. (2004) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.86.2.219 · Cited by 172
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Effects of amount of information on judgment accuracy and confidence
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A new look at the consequences of attitude certainty: The amplification hypothesis.
Clarkson, J. J., Tormala, Z. L., & Rucker, D. D. (2008) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0013192 · Cited by 139
Self-citationMemory-based versus on-line processing: Implications for attitude strength
Bizer, G. Y., Tormala, Z. L., Rucker, D. D., & Petty, R. E. (2006) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2005.09.002 · Cited by 132
Self-citationTormala, Z. L., Jia, J. S., & Norton, M. I. (2012) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0029227 · Cited by 125
Self-citationFrom repetition to conviction: Attitude accessibility as a determinant of attitude certainty
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Resisting persuasion by the skin of one's teeth: The hidden success of resisted persuasive messages.
Tormala, Z. L., Clarkson, J. J., & Petty, R. E. (2006) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.91.3.423 · Cited by 86
Self-citationSmith, S. M., Fabrigar, L. R., MacDougall, B. L., & Wiesenthal, N. (2007) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.447 · Cited by 82
Ease of retrieval effects in social judgment: The role of unrequested cognitions.
Tormala, Z. L., Falces, C., Briñol, P., & Petty, R. E. (2007) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.93.2.143 · Cited by 81
Self-citationConfidence and Construal Framing: When Confidence Increases versus Decreases Information Processing
Wan, E. W., & Rucker, D. D. (2012) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/666467 · Cited by 64
The Effect of Regulatory Depletion on Attitude Certainty
Wan, E. W., Rucker, D. D., Tormala, Z. L., & Clarkson, J. J. (2010) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.1509/jmkr.47.3.531 · Cited by 60
Self-citationElaboration and Attitude Strength: The New Meta‐cognitive Perspective
Barden, J., & Tormala, Z. L. (2014) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.12078 · Cited by 58
Self-citationAttitude Certainty and Attitudinal Advocacy
Cheatham, L., & Tormala, Z. L. (2015) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167215601406 · Cited by 56
Self-citationPersuasion, Interrupted: The Effect of Momentary Interruptions on Message Processing and Persuasion
Kupor, D. M., & Tormala, Z. L. (2015) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1093/jcr/ucv018 · Cited by 56
Self-citationDoes Fast or Slow Evaluation Foster Greater Certainty?
Tormala, Z. L., Clarkson, J. J., & Henderson, M. D. (2011) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167210397378 · Cited by 40
Self-citationBeyond attitude consensus: The social context of persuasion and resistance
Tormala, Z. L., DeSensi, V. L., Clarkson, J. J., & Rucker, D. D. (2008) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2008.07.020 · Cited by 38
Self-citationResisting Persuasion by Illegitimate Means: A Metacognitive Perspective on Minority Influence
Tormala, Z. L., DeSensi, V. L., & Petty, R. E. (2007) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167206295004 · Cited by 35
Self-citationWhen contradictions foster persuasion: An attributional perspective
Reich, T., & Tormala, Z. L. (2013) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2013.01.004 · Cited by 32
Self-citationOmair Akhtar, B., Paunesku, D., & Tormala, Z. L. (2013) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167213492430 · Cited by 31
Self-citationThe malleable influence of social consensus on attitude certainty
Clarkson, J. J., Tormala, Z. L., Rucker, D. D., & Dugan, R. G. (2013) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2013.07.001 · Cited by 30
Self-citationThe allure of unknown outcomes: Exploring the role of uncertainty in the preference for potential
Kupor, D. M., Tormala, Z. L., & Norton, M. I. (2014) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2014.07.004 · Cited by 29
Self-citationFragile Enhancement of Attitudes and Intentions Following Difficult Decisions
Litt, A., & Tormala, Z. L. (2010) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/653494 · Cited by 27
Self-citationThe Effects of Minority/Majority Source Status on Attitude Certainty: A Matching Perspective
Tormala, Z. L., & DeSensi, V. L. (2008) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167208325677 · Cited by 27
Self-citation
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1 of the 62 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
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Basol, M., Roozenbeek, J., Berriche, M., Uenal, F., McClanahan, W. P., & Linden, S. V. D. (2021) · Big Data & Society · doi:10.1177/20539517211013868 · Cited by 271
What Is the Function of Confirmation Bias?
Peters, U. (2022) · Erkenntnis · doi:10.1007/s10670-020-00252-1 · Cited by 236
Tanesini, A. (2021) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198858836.001.0001 · Cited by 143
The role of conviction and narrative in decision-making under radical uncertainty
Tuckett, D., & Nikolic, M. (2017) · Theory & Psychology · doi:10.1177/0959354317713158 · Cited by 147
Attitude certainty: Antecedents, consequences, and new directions
Tormala, Z. L., & Rucker, D. D. (2017) · Consumer Psychology Review · doi:10.1002/arcp.1004 · Cited by 115
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Tormala, Z. L.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tormala, Zakary L
- ORCID
- Tormala, Zakary L
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Psychology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-08
- Volume
- 10
- Pages
- 6-11
- ISSN
- 2352-250X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1851113823
- Cited by
- 109
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4
- FWCI
- 1.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Keywords
- attitude certainty, attitude uncertainty, persuasion, metacognition, message processing, consumer psychology, attitude change
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