A meta-analysis of risk factors for post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents

Trickey, David; Siddaway, Andy P.; Meiser-Stedman, Richard; Serpell, Lucy; Field, Andy P.

doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2011.12.001

Cited by 828Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchChild Abuse and TraumaChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development

A meta-analysis of risk factors for post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents

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Trickey, David, Siddaway, Andy P., Meiser-Stedman, Richard, Serpell, Lucy, Field, Andy P.·2012·Clinical Psychology Review

DOI 10.1016/j.cpr.2011.12.001

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Abstract

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex and chronic disorder that causes substantial distress and interferes with social and educational functioning. Consequently, identifying the risk factors that make a child more likely to experience traumatic distress is of academic, clinical and social importance. This meta-analysis estimated the population effect sizes of 25 potential risk factors for PTSD in children and adolescents aged 6-18 years across 64 studies (N=32,238). Medium to large effect sizes were shown for many factors relating to subjective experience of the event and post-trauma variables (low social support, peri-trauma fear, perceived life threat, social withdrawal, comorbid psychological problem, poor family functioning, distraction, PTSD at time 1, and thought suppression); whereas pre-trauma variables and more objective measures of the assumed severity of the event generated small to medium effect sizes. This indicates that subjective peri-trauma factors and post-event factors are likely to have a major role in determining whether a child develops PTSD following exposure to a traumatic event. Such factors could potentially be assessed following a potentially traumatic event in order to screen for those most vulnerable to developing PTSD and target treatment efforts accordingly. The findings support the cognitive model of PTSD as a way of understanding its development and guiding interventions to reduce symptoms.

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Trauma severity-objectively determined-is most strongly associated with risk of developing PTSD.
“Trauma severity-objectively determined-is most strongly associated with risk of developing PTSD (Trickey et al, 2012).”
From Deviations from the expectable environment in early childhood and emerging psychopathology (2015) · cites this paper as Trickey et al, 2012
A meta-analysis in children has shown low to medium effect sizes for gender, ethnicity, pre-trauma psychological problems, and parental psychological problems.
“A meta-analysis in children has shown low to medium effect sizes for gender, ethnicity, pre-trauma psychological problems, and parental psychological problems.”
From Deviations from the expectable environment in early childhood and emerging psychopathology (2015) · cites this paper as Trickey et al, 2012

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Psychological predictors of post-traumatic stress disorder in children and \nadolescents
Memarzia, J. (2018) · UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia)
Psychological predictors of post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents
Memarzia, J. (2018)
Psychological peritraumatic risk factors for post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents: A meta-analytic review
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Risk factors for depression in trauma-exposed children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis
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Self-citation
Risk Factors Associated with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in a Population of Children Exposed to the July 14, 2016, Nice Terrorist AttackPreprint
Gindt, M., Auby, P., Robert, P. H., Zeghari, R., & Bodeau, N. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4768562

Authors: Trickey, D., Siddaway, A. P., Meiser-Stedman, R., Serpell, L., & Field, A. P.
Affiliations: University of Hertfordshire (GB)
North East London NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
University of Sussex (GB)
Corresponding author: Trickey, David
ORCID: Trickey, David
Siddaway, Andy P.
Serpell, Lucy
Field, Andy P.
Venue: Clinical Psychology Review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2012-03
Volume: 32
Issue: 2
Pages: 122-138
ISSN: 0272-7358 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2011.12.001
OpenAlex: W2017451655
Cited by: 828
References: 127
Citations by year: 2026: 52 · 2025: 53 · 2024: 73 · 2023: 55 · 2022: 63 · 2021: 76 · 2020: 56 · 2019: 68 · 2018: 75 · 2017: 54 · 2016: 42 · 2015: 54 · 2014: 58 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 16
FWCI: 5.23
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Clinical Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) (submittedVersion)
Stirling Online Research Repository (University of Stirling) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Sussex Research Online (University of Sussex) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Medical Research Council (MC_EX_G0802821)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Keywords: post-traumatic stress disorder, children, adolescents, risk factors, traumatic events, social support, perceived life threat, social withdrawal, family functioning, thought suppression, PTSD screening, trauma exposure
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Child, Fear, Humans, Life Change Events, Risk Factors, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Stress, Psychological

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A meta-analysis of risk factors for post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents

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