The DOI matches its Crossref record; 148 of the 155 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 53 of the 230 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence.
Open accessAbstract
A history of maltreatment in childhood may influence adults’ parenting practices, potentially affecting their children. This systematic review examines 97 studies investigating associations of parental childhood victimization with a range of parenting behaviors that may contribute to the intergenerational effects of abuse: abusive parenting, problematic parenting, positive parenting, and positive parental affect. Key findings include: (1) parents who report experiencing physical abuse or witnessing violence in the home during childhood are at increased risk for reporting that they engage in abusive or neglectful parenting; (2) a cumulative effect of maltreatment experiences, such that adults who report experiencing multiple types or repeated instances of victimization are at greatest risk for perpetrating child abuse; (3) associations between reported childhood maltreatment experiences and parents’ problematic role reversal with, rejection of, and withdrawal from their children; (4) indirect effects between reported childhood maltreatment and abusive parenting via adult intimate partner violence; and (5) indirect effects between reported childhood maltreatment and lower levels of positive parenting behaviors and affect via mothers’ mental health. Thus, childhood experiences of maltreatment may alter parents’ ability to avoid negative and utilize positive parenting practices. Limitations of this body of literature include few prospective studies, an overreliance on adults’ self-report of their childhood victimization and current parenting, and little examination of potentially differential associations for mothers and fathers.
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Claims the paper makes
101 No full text of the sources · 29 Partly supported · 21 No basis given · 19 Own interpretation · 19 Own result · 10 Supported · 8 Own method · 6 Sources not found · 6 Not checked yet · 4 Supported so far · 2 Mixed support · 1 Couldn’t confirm · accuracy not yet measured
Some cited sources support this claim and some don’t — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“mothers who experienced CSA were observed to exhibit less sensitive parenting”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Results > Affective aspects of positive parenting
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Zvara et al., 2015 source
The Discussion (page not available in our copy) states that mothers with childhood sexual trauma histories were observed to be less sensitive in caregiving than mothers without similar histories. This directly supports the cited sentence. (LLM, conf=0.94)
- Disputedcites Zvara, Mills-Koonce, & Cox, 2017 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results (Sensitive parenting and the moderating role of child sex; page unavailable) found no significant overall difference in observed sensitive parenting between mothers with and without childhood sexual trauma histories. Instead, mothers with trauma histories were significantly more sensitive toward daughters than sons, so the unqualified claim that they exhibited less sensitive parenting misstates this study's finding. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Several narrative reviews over the past 30 years have evaluated the literature that addresses this question, frequently noting the limited methodological rigor of the contributing studies”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Kaufman & Zigler, 1987 source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Ertem et al., 2000 source
- Partly supportedcites Thornberry et al., 2012 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Discussion (page unavailable) reports 31 publications reviewing this literature and describes the underlying studies as methodologically weak. But it says many reviews did not evaluate the studies’ methodological rigor, rather than frequently noting that limitation. (LLM, conf=0.86)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“these other forms of compromised parenting are also associated with increased risk for negative social, emotional, and behavioral outcomes among children”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Introduction
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Gershoff et al., 2012 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Discussion (page not supplied) reports that early spanking was associated with increased externalizing behavior across the racial and ethnic groups studied. That supports the behavioral-outcomes part of the claim, but the paper does not establish the broader claim about other compromised parenting behaviors or social and emotional outcomes. (LLM, conf=0.88)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Kawabata et al., 2011 source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Pinquart, 2017 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Several studies document a dose response in which multiple types of childhood victimization and/or repeated instances of maltreatment were associated with the greatest risk of adult perpetration”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Results > Abusive and neglectful parenting
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Ben-David et al., 2015 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results report that people with two or more childhood reports of neglect or mixed maltreatment types had much higher rates of alleged perpetration; the Discussion says sustained exposure, particularly neglect, was most critical. This supports the repeated-maltreatment component, but the paper does not establish the claimed dose-response pattern across multiple types of victimization or show that several studies documented it. The study concerns alleged perpetration in young adulthood in a low-income sample. (LLM, conf=0.84)
- Partly supportedcites Chung et al., 2009 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results (page unavailable) report that increasing numbers of adverse childhood experiences were associated with higher rates of infant spanking, and the Discussion reports a 1.6-times higher likelihood among mothers with at least two such experiences. The study supports a dose-response association for this specific form of adult behavior, but it does not establish the broader claim about adult perpetration or a dose response for repeated instances of maltreatment. (LLM, conf=0.86)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Dubowitz et al., 2001 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The included studies' measures of childhood maltreatment and parenting, despite heterogeneity and frequent use of self-report and unvalidated instruments, are sufficiently valid and comparable to support the review's synthesized conclusions.
- Rests on an assumption: Retrospective self-reports of childhood maltreatment used in many included studies are valid indicators of actual childhood maltreatment.
- Partly supported
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“Three studies of relatively large community samples found an association between reported experiences of past CPA and the use of physical punishment when other types of maltreatment and sociodemographic risk factors were included in the model”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Results > Abusive and neglectful parenting
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Barrett, 2009, 2010
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Cappell & Heiner, 1990 source
- Supportedcites Umeda et al., 2015 source
The Results report that childhood physical discipline remained significantly associated with adult use of potentially injurious physical discipline in a model including all childhood adversities, with controls for adult household income. The Discussion identifies the study as a Japanese community sample. This paper supports its place as one of the studies described; it does not need to establish the findings of the other two. (LLM, conf=0.91)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The included studies' measures of childhood maltreatment and parenting, despite heterogeneity and frequent use of self-report and unvalidated instruments, are sufficiently valid and comparable to support the review's synthesized conclusions.
- Rests on an assumption: Retrospective self-reports of childhood maltreatment used in many included studies are valid indicators of actual childhood maltreatment.
- Not matched
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“Others found similar associations between witnessing IPV as a child and use of physical discipline”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Results > Abusive and neglectful parenting
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Al Dosari et al., 2017 source
The Results state that witnessing violence between parents was associated with using physical punishment to discipline a child. The Discussion likewise says parents who had witnessed violence between their parents were more likely to hit as punishment. (LLM, conf=0.93)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Barrett, 2009 source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Cappell & Heiner, 1990 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The included studies' measures of childhood maltreatment and parenting, despite heterogeneity and frequent use of self-report and unvalidated instruments, are sufficiently valid and comparable to support the review's synthesized conclusions.
- Rests on an assumption: Retrospective self-reports of childhood maltreatment used in many included studies are valid indicators of actual childhood maltreatment.
- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“These findings held even after controlling for other child and adult risk factors”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Results > Abusive and neglectful parenting
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Ben-David et al., 2015 source
The Discussion states that repeated reports of neglect or mixed forms of maltreatment remained significantly associated with young-adult perpetration after controlling for family, adolescent, and adult risk factors. This supports the claim for those specific maltreatment findings. (LLM, conf=0.91)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The included studies' measures of childhood maltreatment and parenting, despite heterogeneity and frequent use of self-report and unvalidated instruments, are sufficiently valid and comparable to support the review's synthesized conclusions.
- Rests on an assumption: Retrospective self-reports of childhood maltreatment used in many included studies are valid indicators of actual childhood maltreatment.
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“For example, among a large, ethnically-diverse sample of young adult parents with and without reports of child abuse and neglect prior to the age of 12, repeated instances of neglect or multiple types of abuse experiences were associated with adult perpetration of abuse or neglect, controlling for other child and adult risk factors”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Results > Abusive and neglectful parenting
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Ben-David et al., 2015 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Split into 2 atoms — 1 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The included studies' measures of childhood maltreatment and parenting, despite heterogeneity and frequent use of self-report and unvalidated instruments, are sufficiently valid and comparable to support the review's synthesized conclusions.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“In a small subset of studies, problematic but non-abusive parenting practices or characteristics (e.g., hostility or low parenting confidence) have been found to mediate the association between maternal childhood maltreatment and child psychopathology”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Introduction
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Plant et al., 2017 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The paper’s introductory discussion reports that earlier studies found maladaptive parenting to mediate the association between maternal childhood maltreatment and offspring difficulties. Its Mediation analysis and Independent mediating effects sections find that maladaptive parenting—including hostility—mediated only in a pathway following postnatal depression, not independently. The paper does not identify low parenting confidence as a mediator, and its parenting measure also includes slapping, so it does not fully support the examples as exclusively non-abusive practices. (LLM, conf=0.84)
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Studies in which the additive effects of multiple maltreatment experiences were examined consistently indicated that a history of childhood abuse, neglect, and/or interparental violence was associated with greater likelihood of perpetrating physical abuse or neglect on one’s children”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Results > Abusive and neglectful parenting
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Banyard et al., 2003 source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Ben-David, 2016 source
- Partly supportedcites Chung et al., 2009 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results and Discussion report that mothers with two or more adverse childhood experiences were more likely to spank their 11-month-old infants. That supports an association with a form of physical punishment, but the study did not assess childhood neglect or whether mothers perpetrated physical abuse or neglect of their children. It also cannot establish that multiple studies consistently found the claimed result. (LLM, conf=0.88)
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The included studies' measures of childhood maltreatment and parenting, despite heterogeneity and frequent use of self-report and unvalidated instruments, are sufficiently valid and comparable to support the review's synthesized conclusions.
- Rests on an assumption: Retrospective self-reports of childhood maltreatment used in many included studies are valid indicators of actual childhood maltreatment.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 79
- The quote only partly states this claim. 5
- Probably not a substantial claim. 13
Some cited sources support this claim and some don’t — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Six of the studies included prospective analyses of ethnically and socioeconomically diverse samples of children followed longitudinally into adulthood, with childhood maltreatment assessed contemporaneously”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Results > Abusive and neglectful parenting
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Augustyn et al., 2019 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Cycle of Maltreatment section describes several prospective intergenerational studies as compelling evidence of continuity, and Data and Method describes the paper’s own diverse longitudinal sample and use of official maltreatment records. But the paper does not establish that six studies all had the specified sampling, follow-up, and contemporaneous assessment; one study it discusses used retrospective reports of childhood maltreatment. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.87)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Banyard et al., 2003 source
- Disputedcites Ben-David et al., 2015 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 1 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
- Rests on an assumption: The included studies' measures of childhood maltreatment and parenting, despite heterogeneity and frequent use of self-report and unvalidated instruments, are sufficiently valid and comparable to support the review's synthesized conclusions.
- Partly supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“The authors assessed that there was insufficient evidence to draw a firm conclusion regarding the cycle of maltreatment.”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Introduction
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Thornberry et al., 2012 source
The Discussion states that there is insufficient scientific evidence to draw a definitive conclusion about the cycle of maltreatment hypothesis. It adds that methodological limitations preclude firm conclusions in either direction. (LLM, conf=0.95)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“The impact of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence exposure on adult physical and emotional health and behaviors is significant and well documented”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Introduction
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Anda et al., 2006 source
The Background says epidemiological studies have documented the effects of childhood maltreatment on health and emotional well-being, and the Introduction describes negative adult health outcomes and behaviors following abuse or exposure to domestic violence. The Results report graded increases in mental-health, physical-health, substance-use, and behavioral outcomes as adverse childhood experiences increase. These passages support the broad claim in the citing sentence. (LLM, conf=0.93)
- Partly supportedcites Hughes et al., 2017 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Split into 2 atoms — 1 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
- Partly supportedcites Norman et al., 2012 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Thornberry et al. (2012), for example, evaluated 47 studies against a standard of 11 methodological criteria and noted significant shortcomings in the methodology of most of the studies, including an overwhelming reliance on retrospective recall of parental maltreatment, clinical rather than representative samples, and short follow-up periods”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Introduction
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Thornberry et al., 2012 source
Split into 2 atoms — 2 confirmed, 0 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Compromised parenting behaviors (such as role reversal and rejecting, controlling, permissive, or intrusive behaviors) and reduced positive parenting behaviors (such as decreased use of consistent discipline or limit-setting) are likely much more common outcomes, given evidence that the majority of adults maltreated as children do not perpetrate maltreatment with their own children”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Introduction
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Augustyn et al., 2019 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Split into 2 atoms — 1 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Egeland et al., 1988 source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Kaufman & Zigler, 1987 source
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“given the well-documented benefits and protective effects of positive parenting on child outcomes”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Eshel et al., 2006
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Pettit et al., 1997
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Supportedcites Sandler et al., 2015 source
The Abstract links effective parenting with better outcomes, including for children exposed to adversity. The section “Do Prevention Parenting Programs Reduce Long-Term Child Outcomes?” reports significant long-term benefits across multiple child outcomes in 20 of 22 reviewed programs. The paper cautions that observational associations alone do not establish causation, but its intervention evidence supports the broad claim. (LLM, conf=0.91)
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“The 97 included articles were evaluated for quality by CG, LH, and CW using 7 criteria adapted from (Hoppen and Chalder, 2018) and the (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, n.d)National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (n.d.) Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies.”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Methods > Quality assessment
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Hoppen and Chalder, 2018 source
The Quality Assessment section describes Hoppen and Chalder’s 12-item framework for assessing study quality, and the appendix lists its criteria. The citing sentence attributes the adaptation of seven criteria to its own authors; it does not claim that Hoppen and Chalder used seven criteria or assessed the 97 articles. (LLM, conf=0.88)
- Not matchedcites National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, n.d.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Methodology for the current systematic review followed the PRISMA guidelines”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Methods > Selection of publications
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Moher et al., 2015 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Background identifies PRISMA as a guideline for systematic reviews, but the cited paper develops PRISMA-P, a separate guideline for reporting review protocols. The Scope and PRISMA-P checklist sections distinguish protocols from completed reviews and do not establish that the citing authors followed PRISMA in their review methodology. No page numbers are available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.84)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Dissociative symptoms and substance use disorders have each been found to mediate the transmission of maltreatment (Kim, Trickett, & Putnam, 2010; Libby et al., 2008).”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Results > Abusive and neglectful parenting
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Kim, Trickett, & Putnam, 2010 source
- Partly supportedcites Libby et al., 2008 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results report that lifetime substance use disorder mediated relationships between childhood abuse and later parenting satisfaction or role impairment in two American Indian tribes. The paper does not report mediation of maltreatment transmitted to children; its measured outcomes were parenting outcomes. The dissociative-symptoms finding is not attributed specifically to Libby et al. in the sentence with two citations. (LLM, conf=0.87)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Social support has been found to buffer against some of the negative sequelae of trauma (Simon, Roberts, Lewis, van Gelderen, & Bisson, 2019)”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Results > Abusive and neglectful parenting
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Simon et al., 2019 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction describes poor perceived social support as a risk factor for PTSD symptoms and discusses a stress-buffering hypothesis. But the Discussion says the study cannot determine the direction of the association, so it does not establish that social support buffers against trauma’s effects. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.82)
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Although income, education, and marital stability did not attenuate these effects, child gender did moderate the relationship such that mothers with CSA experiences demonstrated more sensitivity toward their daughters than their sons.”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Results > Affective aspects of positive parenting
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Zvara et al., 2015 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Discussion (page unavailable) says that higher income, education, and stable adult relationships did not attenuate the potential effects of childhood sexual trauma on parenting. The Results (page unavailable) describe moderation analyses for those three factors, but our copy does not report child-gender moderation or greater sensitivity toward daughters than sons. (LLM, conf=0.90)
- Partly supportedcites Zvara, Mills-Koonce, & Cox, 2017 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Discussion (page unavailable) says child sex moderated the association between maternal childhood sexual trauma and sensitive parenting, and that mothers with trauma histories were rated as more sensitive toward daughters than sons. It reports that this finding remained after controlling for household income-to-needs and maternal education, but does not list marital stability among the controls; that part of the claim is unsupported. (LLM, conf=0.88)
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“among mothers diagnosed with depression, childhood emotional abuse was associated with lower child-reported maternal acceptance, controlling for depression and demographic risk factors. Mother-reported CPA, CSA, and neglect were not associated with acceptance (Zalewski, Cyranowski, Cheng, & Swartz, 2013)”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Results > Affective aspects of positive parenting
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Zalewski, Cyranowski, Cheng, & Swartz, 2013 source
Split into 2 atoms — 2 confirmed, 0 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Although direct effects disappeared when childhood demographic covariates were included in the model, indirect effects through romantic competence were robust to these covariates.”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Results > Affective aspects of positive parenting
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Labella et al., 2019 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results report that childhood abuse/neglect no longer directly predicted observed supportive parenting after demographic covariates were included, while its indirect effect through romantic competence remained significant. But this does not hold for all parenting outcomes: the direct association with CPS involvement remained significant after controlling for those covariates (OR = 1.59, p < .05). The claim overgeneralizes the disappearance of direct effects. (LLM, conf=0.88)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“increased reports of emotional abuse and physical abuse in childhood were associated with lower reported responsivity to their 6 month old babies, but reported CSA experiences were not associated”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Results > Affective aspects of positive parenting
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Bert et al. (2009) source
The Results section reports that greater maternal reports of childhood emotional and physical abuse were associated with lower reported responsivity and empathy toward their 6-month-old children. The Discussion states that sexual abuse was not significantly related to parenting outcomes. Page numbers are not provided in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.93)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“the vast majority of adults who were abused as children did not abuse their own children, thus breaking the cycle of violence (Augustyn et al., 2019; Kim, 2009; Pears & Capaldi, 2001)”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Discussion
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Augustyn et al., 2019 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Discussion reports that most maltreatment victims did not subsequently engage in maltreating behaviors: 84% of childhood-limited victims and 66% of adolescent victims through their middle 30s. But these figures come from this study, not a finding established across studies. The Data and Method section also says perpetration was measured against any child and included nonparents, so the paper does not establish that those adults did not abuse their own children. (LLM, conf=0.87)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Kim, 2009 source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Pears & Capaldi, 2001 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“the experience of abuse in childhood confers significant risk for the intergenerational transmission of abusive parenting behaviors, as the majority of maltreating parents reported having been abused in childhood (Coohey & Braun, 1997; Herrenkohl et al., 2013; Pears & Capaldi, 2001), with rates in most studies greater than or equal to 75%”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Coohey & Braun, 1997 source
- Partly supportedcites Herrenkohl et al., 2013 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Discussion reports a robust association between harsh physical discipline across generations, and the Results report that 75% of the G2 harsh discipliners with available data recalled at least one abusive discipline practice by their fathers. That 75% figure concerns this study’s subgroup and one measure of childhood abuse; the paper does not establish that rates in most studies are at or above 75%. (LLM, conf=0.88)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Pears & Capaldi, 2001 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Of the 97 included articles that evaluated associations between childhood traumatic experiences and at least one of the focal aspects of parenting, 46 articles examined abusive parenting, 28 articles examined problematic parenting behaviors, 12 articles examined positive parenting behaviors, and 23 examined positive parenting affect.”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Limitations of this body of literature include few prospective studies, an overreliance on adults’ self-report of their childhood victimization and current parenting, and little examination of potentially differential associations for mothers and fathers.”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Based on these inclusion and exclusion criteria, 1,274 articles were identified through the search of electronic databases, and an additional 48 articles were identified through review of reference lists and suggestions from colleagues with expertise in this area”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Methods > Selection of publications
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Additional limitations in the literature base identified by the quality assessment were the frequent use of self-reported parenting behaviors and unvalidated assessment measures.”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Methods > Quality assessment
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“In studies that examined the total effect of combined childhood abuse experiences amongst ethnically and socioeconomically diverse samples, a maternal history of childhood abuse was associated with harsh and punitive parenting and a greater likelihood of perpetrating child abuse”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Results > Abusive and neglectful parenting
What the sources say
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
- Rests on an assumption: The included studies' measures of childhood maltreatment and parenting, despite heterogeneity and frequent use of self-report and unvalidated instruments, are sufficiently valid and comparable to support the review's synthesized conclusions.
- Rests on an assumption: Retrospective self-reports of childhood maltreatment used in many included studies are valid indicators of actual childhood maltreatment.
In the paper
“Examining only the non-CPS referred women in this dataset, Zuravin and Fontanella (1999) found that CSA was no longer associated with severe violence by mothers toward their children after other childhood experiences were included in the model”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Results > Abusive and neglectful parenting
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Zuravin and Fontanella, 1999 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
- Rests on an assumption: The included studies' measures of childhood maltreatment and parenting, despite heterogeneity and frequent use of self-report and unvalidated instruments, are sufficiently valid and comparable to support the review's synthesized conclusions.
- Rests on an assumption: Retrospective self-reports of childhood maltreatment used in many included studies are valid indicators of actual childhood maltreatment.
In the paper
“Further, neglecting mothers were also found to have experienced more physical abuse by a greater number of people, to have been more likely to experience rape, or to have a mother involved in prostitution, as compared to non-neglecting mothers”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Results > Abusive and neglectful parenting
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Ethier et al., 1995 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The included studies' measures of childhood maltreatment and parenting, despite heterogeneity and frequent use of self-report and unvalidated instruments, are sufficiently valid and comparable to support the review's synthesized conclusions.
- Rests on an assumption: Retrospective self-reports of childhood maltreatment used in many included studies are valid indicators of actual childhood maltreatment.
In the paper
“Indeed, Dubowitz et al. (2001) found evidence of a cumulative effect for both the type and timing of abusive experiences such that mothers who experienced physical or sexual abuse in both childhood and adulthood reported greater use of verbal aggression and minor violence tactics than mothers with abuse only in childhood, and mothers who experienced both types of victimization reported greater use”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Results > Abusive and neglectful parenting
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Dubowitz et al., 2001 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The included studies' measures of childhood maltreatment and parenting, despite heterogeneity and frequent use of self-report and unvalidated instruments, are sufficiently valid and comparable to support the review's synthesized conclusions.
- Rests on an assumption: Retrospective self-reports of childhood maltreatment used in many included studies are valid indicators of actual childhood maltreatment.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Seventeen articles assessed only a single form of childhood victimization, all but two of which examined the intergenerational transmission of childhood physical punishment or abuse”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Results > Abusive and neglectful parenting
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Total scores have been added to the table in the Appendix and were distributed throughout the potential score range (M = 59.1, SD = 16.0).”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Methods > Quality assessment
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“however, these effects were weaker for fathers than for mothers (Niu et al., 2018; Simons et al., 1991), and in one study, significant only for mothers, although this study did not use a validated scale to assess childhood maltreatment (Cappell & Heiner, 1990).”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Results > Abusive and neglectful parenting
What the sources say
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Ferrari (2002) found that a history of childhood abuse or neglect was associated with a lower likelihood of college-enrolled fathers using physical punishment, and a greater likelihood of using reasoning and nurturing behaviors with their children.”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Results > Abusive and neglectful parenting
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Ferrari, 2002 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Simons et al. (1991), found weak support for mediation by beliefs in physical discipline and having a hostile personality, and neither family-of-origin nor current income was associated with mothers’ or fathers’ aggressive parenting behaviors.”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Results > Abusive and neglectful parenting
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Simons et al., 1991 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Although satisfaction with friendships was associated with reduced risk, and loneliness was associated with increased risk of using severe physical discipline among low-income CSA survivors (Banyard et al., 2003)”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Results > Abusive and neglectful parenting
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Banyard et al., 2003 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“More than half of the studies examining the intergenerational transmission of abuse included solely mothers in their samples, leaving open the question of whether the associations described in the previous section are consistent among fathers.”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Results > Abusive and neglectful parenting
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“While mothers exposed to both interparental and parent-child violence in childhood were more than twice as likely to engage in physical punishment compared to those exposed to only one form of violence, there was no additive effect for multiple forms of violence for fathers (Heyman & Slep, 2002).”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Results > Abusive and neglectful parenting
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Heyman & Slep, 2002 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Of the 22 studies that included fathers as subjects, 5 conducted analyses by gender, finding differences between the relationships for mothers and fathers (Cappell & Heiner, 1990; Ferrari, 2002; Heyman & Slep, 2002; Niu, Liu, & Wang, 2018; Simons et al., 1991) and one study examined only fathers (Ellonen et al., 2017).”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Results > Abusive and neglectful parenting
What the sources say
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“a study by Collin-Vézina et al. (2005) of mothers of children referred to child protection services evaluated a range of childhood abuse and neglect experiences and found that childhood physical and emotional abuse and neglect were associated with inconsistent discipline, but CSA was not”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Results > Problematic parenting
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Collin-Vézina et al., 2005 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Another study found that mothers who were older at childbirth were at high risk for emotionally unsupportive parenting behaviors only in the context of having high levels of sustained past emotional maltreatment and high emotion dysregulation (the latter only for mothers who were younger at childbirth) (McCullough et al., 2017).”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Results > Problematic parenting
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites McCullough et al., 2017 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“the former studies’ findings of an association did not hold when CPA, socioeconomic status, and parental alcoholism were controlled (Ruscio, 2001) or among women who were residing in a domestic violence shelter but not CPS-referred (Jaffe et al., 2012).”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Results > Problematic parenting
What the sources say
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Two studies identified variables that moderated the effect of CSA on problematic parenting, including unsatisfactory intimate relationships (Alexander et al., 2000) and parental gender (Newcomb & Locke, 2001).”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Results > Problematic parenting
What the sources say
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In a rare study that included fathers, CSA was associated with a rejecting style of parenting among fathers, but not mothers (Newcomb & Locke, 2001).”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Results > Problematic parenting
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Newcomb & Locke, 2001 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“One study of 46 mothers recovering from substance use disorder found that neglect was associated with problematic parenting (behaviors associated with permissiveness, authoritarian, and overly verbose styles of parenting), but past CPA and CSA were not (Harmer, Sanderson, & Mertin, 1999).”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Results > Problematic parenting
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Harmer et al., 1999 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“neither physiological reactivity (Oosterman et al., 2019) nor polydrug use (Locke & Newcomb, 2004) mediated relationships between childhood maltreatment and problematic parenting behaviors.”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Results > Problematic parenting
What the sources say
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Among 93 mothers of school-aged children referred to child protection services, while there was no direct effect of any of the categories of childhood abuse or neglect on the reported use of positive reinforcement, maternal dissociation negatively predicted its use, suggesting a potential indirect effect (Collin-Vézina et al., 2005).”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Results > Positive parenting behaviors
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Collin-Vézina et al., 2005 source
hedgedn = 93- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“childhood maltreatment was associated with psychological IPV, which was associated with a negative attribution bias of their infants’ emotional state. This bias was, in turn, associated with less responsive and sensitive parenting.”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Results > Affective aspects of positive parenting
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Dayton et al. (2016) source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Another study found that fathers enrolled in college who reported a history of CPA and neglect were more likely to use reasoning, while no association was identified between reported childhood maltreatment history and reasoning for mothers (Ferrari, 2002).”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Results > Positive parenting behaviors
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Ferrari, 2002 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Findings were similarly mixed in the four studies that compared women with and without histories of CSA but did not control for other forms of maltreatment.”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Results > Affective aspects of positive parenting
plainn = 4- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Further, controlling for other forms of adversity, neither CSA nor CPA were associated with nonviolent discipline, whereas both neglect and witnessing domestic violence in childhood had inverse relationships with reported use of nonviolent discipline (Barrett, 2009).”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Results > Positive parenting behaviors
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Barrett, 2009 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In bivariate analyses, Barrett (2010) found that adult IPV mediated the relationship between CSA and parenting warmth; however, this finding did not hold when other risk factors were entered into the model. Notably, maternal depression was significant, suggesting that this, rather than IPV, may mediate this relationship.”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Results > Affective aspects of positive parenting
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Barrett, 2010 source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“an ethnically diverse college sample of fathers who reported a childhood history of abuse and neglect have been found to be more likely to use nurturing behaviors, although this association was not true for mothers in the study (Ferrari, 2002)”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Results > Affective aspects of positive parenting
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Ferrari, 2002 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“only the control group mothers demonstrated a developmentally normative increase in emotional availability over time, creating a significant difference in emotional availability between these two groups of mothers at 12 months”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Results > Affective aspects of positive parenting
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Fuchs et al. (2015) source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“women with a history of CSA scored lower on a measure of parenting warmth than women without this history; however, when demographic characteristics and other forms of childhood adversity were included, the association was no longer significant. In contrast, perceived childhood neglect remained significant (Barrett, 2009, 2010)”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Results > Affective aspects of positive parenting
What the sources say
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“CSA, but not physical abuse, predicted lower levels of availability and time spent with their child (M age = 8.3). A history of both forms of childhood abuse predicted lower levels of availability, but not time spent with the child.”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Results > Affective aspects of positive parenting
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Ehrensaft et al., 2015 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overall, these studies’ findings suggested that past childhood maltreatment, and particularly CSA, is associated with lower parenting self-efficacy, but with a number of potentially complex and indirect pathways including the role of parental mental health.”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Results > Additional parenting domains
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“mothers with histories of CSA consistently demonstrated increased role reversal, although there was a lack of support for associations with permissiveness or inconsistent discipline.”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Discussion
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“mothers who broke the cycle of maltreatment reported greater sociodemographic resources and family support and were less likely to report IPV, physical neglect, and multiple types of maltreatment (St-Laurent, Dubois-Comtois, Milot, & Cantinotti, 2019)”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites St-Laurent, Dubois-Comtois, Milot, & Cantinotti, 2019 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The findings regarding the association of childhood maltreatment experiences with positive parenting behaviors were mixed, potentially due to the wide range of behaviors used to examine these outcomes.”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Discussion
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“This finding stands in contrast to that of the meta-analysis by Madigan et al. (2019), which showed a small effect size estimate for intergenerational transmission of sexual abuse.”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Madigan et al. (2019) source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Evidence of intergenerational cycles of abuse for fathers was infrequently evaluated and methodologically weak, almost exclusively relying on retrospective assessments of childhood maltreatment utilizing unvalidated measures.”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“several methodological limitations exist within this body of literature, especially outside of the cycle of violence literature which tended to utilize comparatively more rigorous methodology”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Limitations of the included articles
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“sample sizes were frequently quite small and samples were drawn from specialized populations, rarely including fathers.”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the vast majority of research included in this review relied on adult retrospective report of parents’ childhood maltreatment experiences, which is potentially influenced by current circumstances and functioning, and a number of studies used study-designed, unvalidated questions to assess these experiences.”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Limitations of the included articles
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“rarely are child effects on parents considered, although it is possible that characteristics of children of maltreated parents may influence parenting behaviors.”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Limitations of the included articles
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Madigan et al. (2019) also found evidence of a small effect for intergenerational transmission of risk of neglect, and a medium effect for intergenerational transmission of physical abuse and emotional abuse.”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Madigan et al. (2019) source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Findings for hostile parenting were more mixed, with some studies suggesting that the cumulative impact of polyvictimization places parents at greatest risk for engaging in harsh or hostile parenting.”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Discussion
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although evidence was found for a link between past CPA and childhood witnessing of IPV with current abusive or neglectful parenting, there was little support for an association between a history of CSA and engaging in abusive or neglectful parenting.”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Discussion
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Measurement of parents’ childhood maltreatment experiences in this category relied exclusively on retrospective self-report and ranged from study-developed single-item questions included in demographic questionnaires to the use of validated inventories (most frequently, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire).”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As children grow into school age and adolescence, the relationship appears more mixed, with some maltreated parents (particularly when neglect or sexual or emotional abuse had occurred) being less available and nurturing than those who had not experienced childhood maltreatment, while others are comparably or even more nurturing toward their children than parents who have no history of childhood”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Discussion
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the majority of the studies examined the impact of CSA, frequently without controlling for other types of maltreatment or adverse childhood experiences.”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“the majority of the studies demonstrated some association between childhood abuse and increased stress, although the type of past childhood abuse varied, as well as whether the relationship was direct or indirect (e.g., through maternal depression)(Alexander et al., 2000; Ammerman et al., 2013; Bailey et al., 2012; Barrett, 2009; Cross et al., 2018; Douglas, 2000; Harmer et al., 1999; Mapp, 2006)”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Results > Additional parenting domains
What the sources say
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“parenting behaviors are primarily rated by parents, introducing common method variance, with the notable exception of the literature examining hostile parenting and supportive parenting, in which observations of parenting behaviors are more often used.”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Limitations of the included articles
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Madigan et al. (2019) found modest associations (k = 80, d = 0.45, 95% CI [0.37, 0.54]) in a large, meta-analytic review of this body of literature and identified a moderating effect of methodological quality among the studies examining physical abuse (b = −.051, p < .05), for which the effect size decreased as methodological rigor increased.”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Madigan et al., 2019 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Recent evidence suggests that retrospective self-reports of maltreatment typically do not match contemporaneous records or reports, but instead may be better understood as a product of current circumstances and psychological state”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Results > Abusive and neglectful parenting
What the sources say
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Twenty percent of articles were evaluated by all 3 authors with 92% agreement on the scoring elements.”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Methods > Quality assessment
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Savage et al. focused solely on maternal parenting of children ages 0–6 years old.”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Savage et al., 2019 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Articles were reviewed by CG, CW or LH, with 10% of articles reviewed by all three authors to check for fidelity to the coding criteria at each phase of the review process; author coding assignments were in agreement 88% of the time and disagreements were discussed until consensus was reached.”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Methods > Selection of publications
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the type and severity of childhood maltreatment experiences were not delineated in this study, making it difficult to evaluate these incongruous findings.”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Results > Abusive and neglectful parenting
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although inter-item correlations for the self-report measure used were low, calling into question the rigor with which the role-reversal construct was assessed”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Results > Problematic parenting
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“These six studies suggest there may be gender specificity to the processes at play in the intergenerational transmission of abuse, although it should be noted that only one of the studies (Niu et al., 2018) used a validated measure to assess retrospective childhood maltreatment experiences.”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Results > Abusive and neglectful parenting
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Niu et al., 2018 source
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“suggesting that these symptoms may cause parents to withdraw from stressful or conflictual interactions.”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Results > Abusive and neglectful parenting
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It should be noted that the studies in this section relied exclusively on retrospectively self-reported histories of parents’ childhood maltreatment, and primarily (with three exceptions) on parental reports of their parenting behaviors, significant methodological limitations of this small body of literature.”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Results > Positive parenting behaviors
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“although CSA also may have been involved because it differentiated the high and low emotional abuse groups (McCullough, Han, Morelen, & Shaffer, 2017; McCullough, Harding, Shaffer, Han, & Bright, 2014).”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Results > Problematic parenting
What the sources say
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“these findings suggest that the risk of role reversal may not be specific to CSA (Marcenko et al., 2000), and may be moderated by ethnicity.”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Results > Problematic parenting
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Marcenko et al., 2000 source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While these studies provide limited additional support to the argument that childhood maltreatment experiences are associated with an increased risk for a broad range of problematic parenting practices, given the breadth with which both childhood abuse and problematic parenting were defined amongst these studies, it is difficult to draw any firm conclusions.”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Results > Problematic parenting
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The fact that parenting was assessed via observation in all but two of these studies is a methodological strength of this body of work.”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Results > Problematic parenting
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Together, these studies suggest that previous associations between CSA and permissive parenting may, indeed, be a spurious association, as it has only been documented when other forms of maltreatment have not been accounted for, or among women with severe parenting deficits”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Results > Problematic parenting
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although the three abovementioned studies suggest that childhood maltreatment may interfere with mother’s use of positive discipline, their generalizability is limited as they involve small samples of primarily White and/or highly educated women.”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Results > Positive parenting behaviors
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, both of these studies failed to control for other forms of childhood maltreatment, potentially confounding these relationships with the influence of other forms of childhood victimization.”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Results > Positive parenting behaviors
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“findings tended to differ from that for mothers, underscoring the need for more inclusion of fathers in research that is methodologically rigorous.”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Discussion
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Those studies’ results suggest that parents’ childhood experiences of abuse and neglect may interfere with their ability to provide supportive and nurturing responses to their babies and toddlers, with several studies suggesting that mothers’ mental health problems contribute to these difficulties.”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Childhood maltreatment experiences have far reaching effects into the next generation including, but not limited to, contributing to a cycle of abuse and intra-familial violence.”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Discussion
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Childhood experiences of maltreatment may alter parents’ ability to avoid using negative parenting practices and utilize positive parenting practices (e.g., to be emotionally nurturing and responsive with their young children, to encourage learning and self-efficacy in their school-age children, and to support positive peer relationships and provide unobtrusive monitoring with their adolescent”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
The paper relies on this without support.
The associations between reported childhood maltreatment and parenting reflect an effect of maltreatment on parenting rather than confounding, reverse causation, or shared risk factors.
“A history of maltreatment in childhood may influence adults’ parenting practices, potentially affecting their children.”
“Thus, childhood experiences of maltreatment may alter parents’ ability to avoid negative and utilize positive parenting practices.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The included studies' measures of childhood maltreatment and parenting, despite heterogeneity and frequent use of self-report and unvalidated instruments, are sufficiently valid and comparable to support the review's synthesized conclusions.
“Nor did we limit the methodology by which maltreatment or parenting was assessed which introduces some heterogeneity into our sample.”
“Additional limitations in the literature base identified by the quality assessment were the frequent use of self-reported parenting behaviors and unvalidated assessment measures.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Retrospective self-reports of childhood maltreatment used in many included studies are valid indicators of actual childhood maltreatment.
“A limitation of the studies reviewed to this point is that they have relied on adult parents’ retrospective reports of their experiences of past maltreatment or family violence in childhood.”
“Recent evidence suggests that retrospective self-reports of maltreatment typically do not match contemporaneous records or reports, but instead may be better understood as a product of current circumstances and psychological state”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Results > Affective aspects of positive parenting
“Seven studies examined positive affective parenting among mothers and their children between 3 and 6 years old (Bailey, DeOliveira, Wolfe, Evans, & Hartwick, 2012; Ben Shlomo & Ben Haim, 2017; Dilillo, Tremblay, & Peterson, 2000; Fitzgerald, Shipman, Jackson, McMahon, & Hanley, 2005; Labella, Raby, Martin, & Roisman, 2019; Zajac et al., 2019; Zvara et al., 2015).”
§ Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence > Results > Affective aspects of positive parenting
“However, in two studies by Zvara et al (Zvara et al., 2015; Zvara, Mills-Koonce, & Cox, 2017), mothers who experienced CSA were observed to exhibit less sensitive parenting.”
Citations
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Items 201–300 of 323
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Rokach, A., & Clayton, S. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-85853-3.00011-2 · Cited by 1
Perceptions of parenthood and child development among parents who experienced child maltreatment
Wamser‐Nanney, R. A., & Sager, J. C. (2023) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22993 · Cited by 1
“This is consistent with the intergenerational transmission of maltreatment framework, including the use of corporal punishment (Buisman et al., 2020; Greene et al., 2020).”
Analyse processuelle des situations de négligence
Pernel, A.-S., & Garret‐Gloanec, N. (2024) · Vie sociale · doi:10.3917/vsoc.228.0059 · Cited by 1
Tran, T. T. C., Le, T. V., Cao, C. T., Dam, A. T. V., & Nguyen, Q. T. (2024) · Multidisciplinary Science Journal · doi:10.31893/multiscience.2024197 · Cited by 1
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Park, J., Song, M., Cho, A.-Y., Yang, H., & Lee, H. (2024) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008066.2024.2372994 · Cited by 1
“In addition, ACEs of mothers have an indirect effect on lower levels of positive parenting behaviour, with accumulated ACEs increasing the likelihood of child abuse within their own families (Greene et al., 2020).”
BackgroundThe Evolution of Parenting: Styles or Principles?
Friggieri, J., & Ellul, D. B. (2025) · Education and human development · doi:10.5772/intechopen.1008384 · Cited by 2
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Fleckinger, A., Gruber, D., Şenoğuz, P., Griese, K., & Poggio, B. (2025) · The British Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1093/bjsw/bcaf061 · Cited by 2
Pfaltz, M. C., Halligan, S. L., Haim‐Nachum, S., Sopp, M. R., Åhs, F., Bachem, R., Bartoli, E., Belete, H., Belete, T., Berzengi, A., et al. (2021) · OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/7hsek · Cited by 3
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Mixing African colours into the paradigm shifts in theology of mission
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Niyonsenga, J., Uwitonze, T., Mukarusanga, I., & Mutabaruka, J. (2022) · Rwanda Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences · doi:10.4314/rjmhs.v5i1.3
“The findings of this study grouping individual factors components are explained by psychodynamic theories of family violence that include object relations theory,[8,9] attachment theory [10] and violence as trauma,[11,12]but also by social learning theory,[21,22] behavioural genetics, [7,12]reactive aggression[7,27] a…”
BackgroundHemady, C. L., Wong, S. C., Thurston, C., Fry, D. A., Murray, A. L., & Meinck, F. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-457143/v2
Aggression und Gewalt in der Familie
Krahé, B. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-35215-8_20-1
Acquarini, E., Ardino, V., & Rombaldoni, R. (2022) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.104834
Fomenko, E., Schrijver, L. D., Vandeviver, C., & Keygnaert, I. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1355725/v2 · Cited by 1
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“, 2020), and a perpetuation of abuse and neglect into the next generation (Greene et al., 2020; Roth et al., 2009a; Savage et al., 2019).”
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“However, to date, few studies have examined cumulative maltreatment and parenting, even though cumulative maltreatment has been tied to increased risk for perpetrating child abuse or neglect (Ben David et al., 2015; Chung et al., 2009; Greene et al., 2020).”
BackgroundInfluentialEdda – Die klagende Mutter und der schlagende Vater
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“A recent systematic review of 97 studies from various countries revealed that parents who were subjected to physical abuse or witnessed violence as children were more likely to report engaging in abusive or neglectful parenting strategies (Greene et al., 2020).”
Expert survey: safer research with parent survivors of child maltreatment
van Rensburg, E. J., Ohan, J. L., Wickens, N., Milroy, H., & Lin, A. P. (2023) · Ethics & Behavior · doi:10.1080/10508422.2023.2265519
“Despite a lack of information about how to safely engage parent survivors, it is common for research to target parent survivors as the main population in intergenerational trauma studies (e.g., see meta-analysis of 97 studies with parent survivors by Greene et al., 2020).”
Parental Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Child Abuse
Gallo, K., & Coats, T. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-85493-5_1276-1
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“…mistreat each other or their kids (Dixon et al., 2007), and coinciding exposure and experience of marital aggression against a spouse and mistreatment of a child, as well as, other forms of maltreatment (Hamby et al., 2010) intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment (Greene et al., 2020).”
BackgroundInfluence of Parents’ Emotion Regulation on Parenting
Roskam, I., Gross, J. J., & Mikolajczak, M. (2023) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009304368.005
Parental Emotion Regulation: The Role of Parents’ Own Childhood Maltreatment
Talmon, A. (2023) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009304368.007
Psychological Abuse of Parents: Consequences
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“As Greene et al. (2020) noted, a few sensitive and positive interactions between mother and child should not be equated with negative interactions and behaviors, and vice versa.”
Napier, T. R., Howell, K. H., Thomsen, K. N., Maye, C. E., & Thurston, I. B. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4869931
Interpersonal Trauma and Caregiving Among Parents with Intellectual Disability
Hammarlund, M., & Forslund, T. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-40858-8_23-1
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“Violence given to children, whether physical, emotional, Neglect, sexual, or witnessing violence, will affect aspects of the child's life (Greene et al., 2020).”
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Li, S. D., Mi, K., Wu, K., & Lu, J. (2024) · Deviant Behavior · doi:10.1080/01639625.2024.2416060
“Although the definition of child abuse varies across different parts of the world, most of them include the presence of physical maltreatment and molestation of a child (Greene et al. 2020).”
Phases of Research into Risk Factors for Children
Tustin, D. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-6144-9_5
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“From the perspective of stress, parents who have childhood maltreatment experience are more likely to parent their children in the same abusive ways as they were raised, which can put the children under more stress (Greene et al., 2020).”
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“…et al., 2017; Noll et al., 2017; Tang et al., 2018), behavioural disorders (Noll & Shenk, 2013; Sanz-Martin et al., 2022; Wamser-Nanney, 2017), depression and suicide (Ng Xiang et al., 2018 ) and also intergenerational impacts (Bartlett et al., 2017; Greene et al., 2020; Langevin et al., 2020).”
Gharaibeh, F. A., AlMidfa, A. A., & Bettayeb, F. Z. (2025) · Cogent Social Sciences · doi:10.1080/23311886.2024.2443555
“…difference was found for cyberbullying during distance education ( p = .054). consistent with existing literature, other studies, such as Serafim et al. (2019) and greene et al. (2020), have also found significant associations between parenting styles and various forms of child abuse/neglect.”
Psychological and Biological Theories of Child and Adolescent Traumatic Stress Disorders
Ford, J. D., & Greene, C. A. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-77215-3_5
Self-citationParental Adverse Childhood Experiences are Linked to School-Aged Children's Psychosocial FunctioningPreprint
Kuha, T., Backman, H., Saarelainen, T., & Aronen, E. T. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5148082
Berry, L. M., Crone, M. R., Mathews, S., & Reis, R. (2025) · Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal · doi:10.1007/s10560-025-01020-2
“The young children’s experiences of harsh discipline potentially have long-term effects, including poor emotional and cognitive develop - ment, behavioural difficulties, and compromised health (Bartlett et al., 2014; Greene et al., 2020 ; Michl-Petzing et al., 2019 ; Turner et al., 2012).”
Zhang, Y., He, Y., Xue, Z., Xu, J., Sun, Y., Song, S., Lin, L., Lu, J., Luo, X., & Liu, J. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-22613-7
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“The literature on the topic of intergenerational continuity of child maltreatment has been subject to critique for methodological shortcomings (Greene et al., 2020; Hasel-schwerdt et al., 2019; Madigan et al., 2019; McKenzie et al., 2021; Newcomb & Locke, 2001; Thornberry et al., 2012; Widom &…”
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Childhood Maltreatment, Pain, and the Endocannabinoid Signaling System
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Szepsenwol, O., Zamir, O., Griskevicius, V., & Simpson, J. A. (2025) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579425100345
Same, T., Shimobayashi, S., & Harada, T. (2025) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2025.107618
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“It has also been postulated that these factors are aggravated by harsher and neglectful parenting, in the face of IPV 22 .”
Larouche, K., Deschênes, K., Pierce, T., Lacharité, C., & Berthelot, N. (2025) · Family Relations · doi:10.1111/fare.70039 · Cited by 1
The Parenting Experiences of Childhood Abuse Survivors: Findings from a Meta-Synthesis
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“Similar patterns of mistrust toward care - givers have been documented in children with histories of abuse, reflecting disrupted attachment systems and difficulties forming reliable adult relationships (Greene et al., 2020; Reddan, 2023).”
Families With Functional Impairments
Dobbins, M. I., & Kluge, S. (2025) · American Academy of PediatricsItasca, IL eBooks · doi:10.1542/9781610028219-28
Ferreira, V. N., Vigfusdottir, J., Breivik, E., Jonsbu, E., Bell-Mizori, A. R., Domogalla, S. A., & Tokovská, M. (2025) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008066.2025.2566615
“Longitudinal studies have found that 45% of individuals with a history of emotional neglect develop SUDs before engaging in violent behaviour (Greene et al., 2020); furthermore, PTSD has been identified as a relevant mediating factor, with findings indicating that 67% of individuals who perpetrated…”
Lobo, E., Jeong, J., Babu, G. R., et al. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0334717
“Those who experienced neglect or adverse childhood experiences may not participate in caregiving due to a lack of confidence in their parenting abilities, while others may engage in compensatory parenting, intentionally providing a more nurturing environment than they received [22,23].”
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Safeguarding Children in UAE Healthcare Settings
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Riskiyana, R., Kristanti, M. S., Feng, J., Chang, H., Chiang, H., & Fetzer, S. J. (2026) · Nursing and Health Sciences · doi:10.1111/nhs.70293
“The experience of childhood maltreatment decreases confidence in parenting and disrupts parenting practice, creating the perpetuation of intergenerational maltreatment (Greene et al. 2020; Harel and Finzi-Dottan 2017).”
Andrades, M., García, F. E., Kilmer, R. P., Concha-Ponce, P., & Lucero, C. (2026) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina62020279
“Studies suggest that PTSSs or PTSD may be associated with decreased levels of supervision by caregivers, who may evidence less sensitivity and responsiveness in their interactions with their children [86].”
Kuha, T., Backman, H., Saarelainen, T., & Aronen, E. T. (2026) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/s13034-026-01037-0
“Some evidence of differences in the ways mothers’ and fathers’ parenting practices are affected by childhood maltreatment experiences has emerged, but the relationship is not fully understood [17].”
Hu, J., Chen, Q., & Yu, T. (2026) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-026-06631-3
Rassart, C. A., Paradis, A., Hébert, M., & Godbout, N. (2026) · Family Process · doi:10.1111/famp.70124 · Cited by 1
Valeri, A., Papouchis, N., Farmer, L., & Haden, S. C. (2026) · Adversity and Resilience Science · doi:10.1007/s42844-026-00198-3
“While the field has often focused on the experiences of mothers, this study evaluated these mechanisms in a sample of both mothers and fathers to honor and assess father-child relationships as well (Chamberlain et al., 2019; Greene et al., 2020).”
InfluentialFairchild, J. N., Bogat, G. A., Nuttall, A. K., Levendosky, A. A., Lonstein, J. S., & Muzik, M. (2026) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/s10896-026-01065-6
Sun, X., Zhao, X., Cui, C. H., et al. (2026) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-026-04284-0
“For example, an individual who was physically abused during childhood may be inclined to physically abuse their own children, thereby perpetuating the cycle of trauma [26].”
Kjellgren, C., Bergström, M., & Priebe, G. (2026) · Child Care in Practice · doi:10.1080/13575279.2026.2633401
“Victims of child maltreatment face a higher risk of becoming abusive in adulthood, potentially impacting their parenting (Greene et al., 2020).”
Preventing Adverse Childhood Experiences: A Framework for Culturally Responsive Home Visitation
Ballard, J., Asiodu, I. V., Dawson-Rose, C. S., Leutwyler, H. C., & Waters, C. M. (2026) · Journal of Transcultural Nursing · doi:10.1177/10436596261430091
“This pattern has been attributed to learned maladaptive parenting behaviors (Greene et al., 2020) and to the sequelae of ACEs, such as the influence of post-traumatic stress disorder on parental responses (Narayan et al., 2021).”
“I was so Disconnected”: The Role of Social Bonds in Surviving Childhood Maltreatment
Manuel, S. A., & Vieraitis, L. M. (2026) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma · doi:10.1007/s40653-026-00855-w
“There are many forms of childhood maltreatment, ranging from physical, emotional, and sexual abuse, and neglect, to witnessing violence perpetrated by one parent against the other (Ben-David & Jonson-Reid, 2017 ; Greene et al., 2020; Kim et al., 2017 ; Silvern & Griese, 2012 ).”
InfluentialGreen, L. (2026) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781911623496.039
Child Maltreatment and Maternal Childrearing Practices: Mediation by Parental Sense of Competence
Delhalle, M., & Blavier, A. (2026) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma · doi:10.1007/s40653-025-00743-9
“Research provided compelling evidence for the cumulative effects of multiple forms and repeated instances of maltreatment on parenting behaviors (Greene et al., 2020).”
Epistemic Trust and Mentalization-Based Treatment for Parents: A Theory-Testing Case Study
Watson, P., Fiorini, G., McGuire, R., Byrne, G., Zahn, P., & Sleed, M. (2026) · Journal of Infant Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy · doi:10.1080/15289168.2026.2650297
“Parents who harm their children often have histories of complex trauma (Greene et al., 2020).”
Pardue‐Kim, M., Garces, C. V., Martínez, E., Evans, K., Pfister, M., & Smith, M. E. (2026) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2026.108018
Domestic violence in Gaza during genocide: a qualitative study of survivor narratives
Hamamra, B. T., Mayaleh, A., & Mahamid, F. (2026) · Journal of Gender Studies · doi:10.1080/09589236.2026.2655825
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing for Parenting-Related Outcomes: A Scoping Review
Rajeswaran, P., Eapen, V., Lee, C., & Kohlhoff, J. R. (2026) · Journal of EMDR Practice and Research · doi:10.34133/jemdr.0036
The Role of Positive Childhood Experiences in Intergenerational Violence and Elder Abuse
Koga, C., Tsuji, T., Hanazato, M., Fujiwara, T., & Tabuchi, T. (2026) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605261437087
Ensanimehr, N., Dehshiri, G., Mousavi, S. F., & Ensanimehr, L. (2026) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-026-03289-y
“Childhood maltreatment, which includes physical, emotional, and sexual abuse or neglect, is closely linked to later parenting practices and can affect the way individuals parent their own children (Greene et al., 2020).”
Zhang, Q., Yu, L., Xu, Y., Zhang, H., Deng, C., Ren, Y., & Du, M. (2026) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2026.108096
Zeinstra, L. T., Huyghen, A.-M. N., Harder, A. T., Post, W. J., Wanders, F., & Knot‐Dickscheit, J. (2026) · Child & Family Social Work · doi:10.1111/cfs.70208
Alqurashi, T. S., Alotaibi, S. M., & Aljohani, A. I. (2026) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000048968
“[21] Although marital status exhibited a significant association with neglect severity, the higher prevalence of married participants within the moderate and severe neglect groups likely reflects the overall demographic composition of the sample rather than a direct causal link.”
Experts' approaches when interviewing children and evaluating their care needs
Melinder, A., & Kierulf, H. K. (2026) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2026.108129
Bielecka, A., Burchardt, B., Dolińska-Kaczmarek, K., et al. (2026) · Archives of Forensic Medicine and Criminology · doi:10.4467/16891716amsik.26.002.23578
Metadata
- Authors
- Greene, C. A., Haisley, L., Wallace, C., & Ford, J. D.
- Affiliations
- University of Connecticut (US)
- University of Hartford (US)
- Corresponding author
- Greene, Carolyn A.
- Venue
- Clinical Psychology Review
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-08
- Volume
- 80
- Pages
- 101891
- ISSN
- 0272-7358 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7476782
- OpenAlex
- W3045313261
- Semantic Scholar
- 527541bee17308a49925221e1f09f0f8c50aa9e9
- Cited by
- 406
- References
- 155
- Citations by year
- 2026: 89 · 2025: 99 · 2024: 85 · 2023: 65 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 2.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Clinical Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
- National Institutes of Health (K23HD094824)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Health › Intimate Partner and Family Violence
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Child Welfare and Adoption
- Keywords
- child abuse, intergenerational transmission, parenting practices, abusive parenting, child neglect, parental rejection, parental withdrawal, intimate partner violence, maternal mental health, positive parenting, child physical abuse, witnessing domestic violence
- MeSH terms
- Intimate Partner Violence, Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child Abuse, Child, Preschool, Fathers, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Mothers, Parents, Violence, Parenting, Intergenerational Relations, Crime Victims, Adult Survivors of Child Abuse
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