Progress on the optical lattice clock
Abstract
Optical lattice clocks have made significant leaps forward in recent years, demonstrating the ability to measure time/frequency at unprecedented levels. Here we highlight this progress, with a particular focus on research efforts at NIST and JILA. We discuss advances in frequency instability and the characterization of key systematic effects, with a brief outlook to the future.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
After a chain of algebraic manipulations, approximations, and tracing out radiation, one arrives at equation (237) for TLS density matrix.
“What interests us is that, after a chain of algebraic manipulations, introduction of some approximations and assumptions, and tracing out of the radiation field's degrees of freedom, one arrives at the following equation of motion for the TLS' density matrix ρ S ( t ) ∈ H S (in the Schr¨ odinger picture) [8, 57]:”
From Fundamentals of quantum mechanics in Liouville space (2020) · cites this paper as [57]
The second term in (237) describes the TLS' relaxation due to its interaction with the radiation field.
“The second term in (237) describes the TLS' relaxation due to its interaction with the radiation field, and it is given by the expression [8, 57]”
From Fundamentals of quantum mechanics in Liouville space (2020) · cites this paper as [57]
Cites
Rosenband, T., Hume, D. B., Schmidt, P. O., Chou, C. W., Brusch, A., Lorini, L., Oskay, W. H., Drullinger, R. E., Fortier, T. M., Stalnaker, J. E., et al. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1154622 · Cited by 1,450 · see citing works
An optical lattice clock with accuracy and stability at the 10−18 level
Bloom, B. J., Nicholson, T. L., Williams, J. R., Campbell, S. L., Bishof, M., Zhang, X., Zhang, W., Bromley, S. L., & Ye, J. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12941 · Cited by 1,073 · see citing works
Self-citationChou, C., Hume, D., Koelemeij, J., Wineland, D., & Rosenband, T. (2010) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.104.070802 · Cited by 903 · see citing works
An Atomic Clock with 10 <sup>–18</sup> Instability
Hinkley, N., Sherman, J. A., Phillips, N. B., Schioppo, M., Lemke, N. D., Beloy, K., Pizzocaro, M., Oates, C. W., & Ludlow, A. D. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1240420 · Cited by 817 · see citing works
Self-citationSystematic evaluation of an atomic clock at 2 × 10−18 total uncertainty
Nicholson, T. L., Campbell, S. L., Hutson, R. B., Marti, G. E., Bloom, B. J., McNally, R. L., Zhang, W., Barrett, M. D., Safronova, M. S., Strouse, G. F., et al. (2015) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms7896 · Cited by 780 · see citing works
Self-citationKómár, P., Kessler, E. M., Bishof, M., Jiang, L., Sørensen, A. S., Ye, J., & Lukin, M. D. (2014) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/nphys3000 · Cited by 768 · see citing works
Self-citationA sub-40-mHz-linewidth laser based on a silicon single-crystal optical cavity
Keßler, T., Hagemann, C., Grebing, C., Legero, T., Sterr, U., Riehle, F., Martin, M. J., Chen, L., & Ye, J. (2012) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/nphoton.2012.217 · Cited by 755 · see citing works
Self-citationTwo-orbital S U(N) magnetism with ultracold alkaline-earth atoms
Gorshkov, A. V., Hermele, M., Gurarie, V., Xu, C., Julienne, P. S., Ye, J., Zoller, P., Demler, E., Lukin, M. D., & Rey, A. M. (2010) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/nphys1535 · Cited by 727 · see citing works
Self-citationCryogenic optical lattice clocks
Ushijima, I., Takamoto, M., Das, M., Ohkubo, T., & Katori, H. (2015) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/nphoton.2015.5 · Cited by 627 · see citing works
Ultrastable Optical Clock with Neutral Atoms in an Engineered Light Shift Trap
Katori, H., Takamoto, M., Pal’chikov, V. G., & Ovsiannikov, V. D. (2003) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.91.173005 · Cited by 576 · see citing works
Thermal-Noise Limit in the Frequency Stabilization of Lasers with Rigid Cavities
Numata, K., Kemery, A., & Camp, J. (2004) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.93.250602 · Cited by 556 · see citing works
Sr Lattice Clock at 1 × 10 –16 Fractional Uncertainty by Remote Optical Evaluation with a Ca Clock
Ludlow, A. D., Zelevinsky, T., Campbell, G. K., Blatt, S., Boyd, M. M., de Miranda, M. H. G., Martin, M. J., Thomsen, J. W., Foreman, S. M., Ye, J., et al. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1153341 · Cited by 554 · see citing works
Self-citationHunting for topological dark matter with atomic clocks
Derevianko, A., & Pospelov, M. (2014) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/nphys3137 · Cited by 522 · see citing works
Godun, R. M., Nisbet-Jones, P. B. R., Jones, J. M., King, S. A., Johnson, L. A. M., Margolis, H. S., Szymaniec, K., Lea, S. N., Bongs, K., & Gill, P. (2014) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.113.210801 · Cited by 468 · see citing works
Making optical atomic clocks more stable with 10−16-level laser stabilization
Jiang, Y. Y., Ludlow, A. D., Lemke, N. D., Fox, R. W., Sherman, J. A., Ma, L.-S., & Oates, C. W. (2011) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/nphoton.2010.313 · Cited by 462 · see citing works
Self-citationQuantum State Engineering and Precision Metrology Using State-Insensitive Light Traps
Ye, J., Kimble, H. J., & Katori, H. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1148259 · Cited by 413 · see citing works
Self-citationTenfold reduction of Brownian noise in high-reflectivity optical coatings
Cole, G. D., Zhang, W., Martin, M. J., Ye, J., & Aspelmeyer, M. (2013) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/nphoton.2013.174 · Cited by 381 · see citing works
Self-citationSpectroscopic observation of SU( <i>N</i> )-symmetric interactions in Sr orbital magnetism
Zhang, X., Bishof, M., Bromley, S. L., Kraus, C. V., Safronova, M. S., Zoller, P., Rey, A. M., & Ye, J. (2014) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1254978 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
Self-citationHuntemann, N., Lipphardt, B., Tamm, C., Gerginov, V., Weyers, S., & Peik, E. (2014) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.113.210802 · Cited by 366 · see citing works
Observation of two-orbital spin-exchange interactions with ultracold SU(N)-symmetric fermions
Scazza, F., Hofrichter, C., Höfer, M., de Groot, P. C., Bloch, I., & Fölling, S. (2014) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/nphys3061 · Cited by 363 · see citing works
Spin- 1/2 Optical Lattice Clock
Lemke, N., Ludlow, A. D., Barber, Z. W., Fortier, T. M., Diddams, S. A., Jiang, Y., Jefferts, S. R., Heavner, T. P., Parker, T. E., & Oates, C. W. (2009) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.103.063001 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Self-citationComparison of Two Independent Sr Optical Clocks with 1 × 10 − 17 Stability at 10 3 s
Nicholson, T., Martin, M. J., Williams, J., Bloom, B., Bishof, M., Swallows, M. D., Campbell, S., & Ye, J. (2012) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.109.230801 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Self-citationA Quantum Many-Body Spin System in an Optical Lattice Clock
Martin, M. J., Bishof, M., Swallows, M. D., Zhang, X., Benko, C., von Stecher, J., Gorshkov, A. V., Rey, A. M., & Ye, J. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1236929 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Self-citationSr87 Lattice Clock with Inaccuracy below 10−15
Boyd, M. M., Ludlow, A. D., Blatt, S., Foreman, S. M., Ido, T., Zelevinsky, T., & Ye, J. (2007) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.98.083002 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Self-citationSuppression of Collisional Shifts in a Strongly Interacting Lattice Clock
Swallows, M. D., Bishof, M., Lin, Y., Blatt, S., Martin, M. J., Rey, A. M., & Ye, J. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1196442 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Self-citationDirect Observation of Coherent Interorbital Spin-Exchange Dynamics
Cappellini, G., Mancini, M., Pagano, G., Lombardi, P., Livi, L. F., de Cumis, M. S., Cancio, P., Pizzocaro, M., Calonico, D., Levi, F., et al. (2014) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.113.120402 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
LOCAL OSCILLATOR INDUCED INSTABILITIES IN TRAPPED ION FREQUENCY STANDARDS
Dick, G. J. (1987) · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Optical Atomic Coherence at the 1-Second Time Scale
Boyd, M. M., Zelevinsky, T., Ludlow, A. D., Foreman, S. M., Blatt, S., Ido, T., & Ye, J. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1133732 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Self-citationHigh Accuracy Correction of Blackbody Radiation Shift in an Optical Lattice Clock
Middelmann, T., Falke, S., Lisdat, C., & Sterr, U. (2012) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.109.263004 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Blackbody-radiation shift in the Sr optical atomic clock
Safronova, M. S., Porsev, S. G., Safronova, M. S., Kozlov, M. G., & Clark, C. W. (2013) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.87.012509 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Beloy, K., Hinkley, N., Phillips, N. B., Sherman, J. A., Schioppo, M., Lehman, J., Feldman, A., Hanssen, L. M., Oates, C. W., & Ludlow, A. D. (2014) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.113.260801 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Self-citationHigh-Accuracy Measurement of Atomic Polarizability in an Optical Lattice Clock
Sherman, J. A., Lemke, N., Hinkley, N., Pizzocaro, M., Fox, R. W., Ludlow, A. D., & Oates, C. W. (2012) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.108.153002 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Self-citationProbing Interactions Between Ultracold Fermions
Campbell, G. K., Boyd, M. M., Thomsen, J. W., Martin, M. J., Blatt, S., Swallows, M. D., Nicholson, T., Fortier, T. M., Oates, C. W., Diddams, S. A., et al. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1169724 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Self-citationp -Wave Cold Collisions in an Optical Lattice Clock
Lemke, N., von Stecher, J., Sherman, J. A., Rey, A. M., Oates, C. W., & Ludlow, A. D. (2011) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.107.103902 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Self-citationOptical Spectrum Analyzer with Quantum-Limited Noise Floor
Bishof, M., Zhang, X., Martin, M. J., & Ye, J. (2013) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.111.093604 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Self-citationDecoherence and Collisional Frequency Shifts of Trapped Bosons and Fermions
Gibble, K. (2009) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.103.113202 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Observation and cancellation of a perturbing dc stark shift in strontium optical lattice clocks
Lodewyck, J., Zawada, M., Lorini, L., Gurov, M., & Lemonde, P. (2012) · IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control · doi:10.1109/tuffc.2012.2209 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Determination of the 5d6s 3D1 state lifetime and blackbody-radiation clock shift in Yb
Beloy, K., Sherman, J. A., Lemke, N., Hinkley, N., Oates, C. W., & Ludlow, A. D. (2012) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.86.051404 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Self-citationProbing many-body interactions in an optical lattice clock
Rey, A. M., Gorshkov, A. V., Kraus, C. V., Martin, M. J., Bishof, M., Swallows, M. D., Zhang, X., Benko, C., Ye, J., Lemke, N. D., et al. (2013) · Annals of Physics · doi:10.1016/j.aop.2013.11.002 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citationTackling the Blackbody Shift in a Strontium Optical Lattice Clock
Middelmann, T., Lisdat, C., Falke, S., Winfred, J. S. R. V., Riehle, F., & Sterr, U. (2011) · IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement · doi:10.1109/tim.2010.2088470 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Inelastic collisions and density-dependent excitation suppression in a 87 Sr optical lattice clock
Bishof, M., Martin, M. J., Swallows, M. D., et al. (2011) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.84.052716 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Cold-collision-shift cancellation and inelastic scattering in a Yb optical lattice clock
Ludlow, A. D., Lemke, N., Sherman, J. A., Oates, C. W., Quéméner, G., von Stecher, J., & Rey, A. M. (2011) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.84.052724 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citationYtterbium in Quantum Gases and Atomic Clocks: van der Waals Interactions and Blackbody Shifts
Safronova, M. S., Porsev, S. G., & Clark, C. W. (2012) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.109.230802 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Many-Body Treatment of the Collisional Frequency Shift in Fermionic Atoms
Rey, A. M., Gorshkov, A. V., & Rubbo, C. P. (2009) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.103.260402 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Reducing the effect of thermal noise in optical cavities
Amairi‐Pyka, S., Legero, T., Kessler, T., Sterr, U., Wübbena, J. B., Mandel, O., & Schmidt, P. O. (2013) · Applied Physics B · doi:10.1007/s00340-013-5464-8 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Resolved Atomic Interaction Sidebands in an Optical Clock Transition
Bishof, M., Lin, Y., Swallows, M. D., Gorshkov, A. V., Ye, J., & Rey, A. M. (2011) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.106.250801 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Fundamentals of quantum mechanics in Liouville space
Gyamfi, J. A. (2020) · European Journal of Physics · doi:10.1088/1361-6404/ab9fdd · Cited by 77 · see citing works
- Authors
- Ludlow, A. D., & Ye, J.
- Affiliations
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (US)
- Venue
- Comptes Rendus. Physique
- Publisher
- MathDoc/Centre Mersenne
- Published
- 2015-05-23
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 499-505
- ISSN
- 1631-0705 (ISSN-L)
- 1878-1535
- OpenAlex
- W427112445
- Cited by
- 14
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2024: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 1.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Comptes Rendus Physique (publishedVersion)
- Physical Reports (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Advanced Frequency and Time Standards
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › Network Time Synchronization Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Quantum Information and Cryptography
- Keywords
- optical lattice clock, frequency instability, systematic effects, time and frequency measurement, atomic clocks, NIST
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
