Frequency Ratio of Two Optical Clock Transitions inYb+171and Constraints on the Time Variation of Fundamental Constants
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Singly ionized ytterbium, with ultranarrow optical clock transitions at 467 and 436 nm, is a convenient system for the realization of optical atomic clocks and tests of present-day variation of fundamental constants. We present the first direct measurement of the frequency ratio of these two clock transitions, without reference to a cesium primary standard, and using the same single ion of 171Yb+. The absolute frequencies of both transitions are also presented, each with a relative standard uncertainty of 6×10(-16). Combining our results with those from other experiments, we report a threefold improvement in the constraint on the time variation of the proton-to-electron mass ratio, μ/μ=0.2(1.1)×10(-16) yr(-1), along with an improved constraint on time variation of the fine structure constant, α/α=-0.7(2.1)×10(-17) yr(-1).
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Comparing resonance frequencies of optical clocks has led to new tests of fundamental physics, such as bounding the time variation of fundamental constants.
“Thanks to these unparalleled performances, comparing the resonance frequencies of optical clocks has led to new tests of fundamental physics, such as bounding the time variation of fundamental constants [7,8].”
From Test of Special Relativity Using a Fiber Network of Optical Clocks (2017) · cites this paper as [8]
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Uzan, J.-P. (2025) · Living Reviews in Relativity · doi:10.1007/s41114-025-00059-y · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Leute, J., Huntemann, N., Lipphardt, B., Tamm, C., Nisbet-Jones, P. B. R., King, S. A., Godun, R. M., Jones, J. M., Margolis, H. S., Whibberley, P. B., et al. (2016) · IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control · doi:10.1109/tuffc.2016.2524988 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationDubé, P., Bernard, J. E., & Gertsvolf, M. (2017) · Metrologia · doi:10.1088/1681-7575/aa5e60 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Transportable optical atomic clocks for use in out-of-the-lab environments
Gellesch, M., Jones, J., Barron, R., Singh, A., Sun, Q., Bongs, K., & Singh, Y. (2020) · Advanced Optical Technologies · doi:10.1515/aot-2020-0023 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationA new test of gravitational redshift using Galileo satellites: The GREAT experiment
Delva, P., Puchades, N., Schönemann, E., Dilssner, F., Courde, C., Bertone, S., Gonzalez, F., Hees, A., Le Poncin-Lafitte, C., Meynadier, F., et al. (2019) · Comptes Rendus. Physique · doi:10.1016/j.crhy.2019.04.002 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Progress on the optical lattice clock
Ludlow, A. D., & Ye, J. (2015) · Comptes Rendus. Physique · doi:10.1016/j.crhy.2015.03.008 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Laboratory demonstration of geopotential measurement using transportable optical clocks
Liu, D.-X., Cao, J., Yuan, J.-B., Cui, K.-F., Yuan, Y., Zhang, P., Chao, S.-J., Shu, H.-L., & Huang, X.-R. (2023) · Chinese Physics B · doi:10.1088/1674-1056/ac6337 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
- Authors
- Godun, R. M., Nisbet-Jones, P. B. R., Jones, J. M., King, S. A., Johnson, L. A. M., Margolis, H. S., Szymaniec, K., Lea, S. N., Bongs, K., & Gill, P.
- Affiliations
- National Physical Laboratory (GB)
- University of Birmingham (GB)
- Venue
- Physical Review Letters
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 2014-11-17
- Volume
- 113
- Issue
- 21
- Pages
- 210801-210801
- ISSN
- 0031-9007 (ISSN-L)
- 1079-7114
- OpenAlex
- W2072099674
- Cited by
- 468
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 51 · 2019: 45 · 2018: 46 · 2017: 44 · 2016: 46 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 20.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Locations
- Physical Review Letters (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- European Space Agency
- UK National Measurement System
- European Metrology Research Programme
- EURAMET
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Advanced Frequency and Time Standards
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Keywords
- optical atomic clocks, ytterbium-171, frequency ratio measurement, absolute frequency measurement, variation of fundamental constants, proton-electron mass ratio, fine-structure constant
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