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Blockchain Technology for Healthcare: Facilitating the Transition to Patient-Driven Interoperability
Open accessAbstract
Interoperability in healthcare has traditionally been focused around data exchange between business entities, for example, different hospital systems. However, there has been a recent push towards patient-driven interoperability, in which health data exchange is patient-mediated and patient-driven. Patient-centered interoperability, however, brings with it new challenges and requirements around security and privacy, technology, incentives, and governance that must be addressed for this type of data sharing to succeed at scale. In this paper, we look at how blockchain technology might facilitate this transition through five mechanisms: (1) digital access rules, (2) data aggregation, (3) data liquidity, (4) patient identity, and (5) data immutability. We then look at barriers to blockchain-enabled patient-driven interoperability, specifically clinical data transaction volume, privacy and security, patient engagement, and incentives. We conclude by noting that while patient-driving interoperability is an exciting trend in healthcare, given these challenges, it remains to be seen whether blockchain can facilitate the transition from institution-centric to patient-centric data sharing.
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“First, the designs of conventional access control strategies [14]-[16] require external key authorities with a Public Key Infrastructure (PKI), which can be extremely complex and usually demands expensive resources to achieve secure EHRs sharing [25].”
From Blockchain for Secure EHRs Sharing of Mobile Cloud Based E-Health Systems (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
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“More importantly, conventional access control systems mainly rely on a predefined point of access, i.e. a centralized cloud server, and this can lead to the central point of failure for e-health networks [25].”
From Blockchain for Secure EHRs Sharing of Mobile Cloud Based E-Health Systems (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Our system is a hyperledger composer [19] based Blockchain application that alleviates these problems with an architecture that allows our system to be both extensible and scalable: a blockchain based EACMS, off chain data storage and a patient-centered mobile and web interface.”
From EACMS: Emergency Access Control Management System for Personal Health Record Based on Blockchain (2019) · cites this paper as [19]
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Gomes, O. A., & Cavalcanti, C. F. M. D. C. (2026) · doi:10.5753/sbcas.2026.21706
Blockchain-Based Platform for Authentic Medicine Supply
Ananthi, S., Monicka, A., Monika, S., & T, S. P. (2026) · International Conference on Connected Intelligence for Industrial Applications (CI2A) · doi:10.1109/ci2a69097.2026.11576847
Metadata
- Authors
- Gordon, W. J., & Catalini, C.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- National Bureau of Economic Research (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gordon, William J.
- Venue
- Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal
- Published
- 2018-01
- Volume
- 16
- Pages
- 224-230
- ISSN
- 2001-0370 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6068317
- OpenAlex
- W2810476200
- Cited by
- 828
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 52 · 2025: 80 · 2024: 94 · 2023: 126 · 2022: 151 · 2021: 135 · 2020: 112 · 2019: 78
- FWCI
- 15.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Health Information Management › Electronic Health Records Systems
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Blockchain Technology in Education and Learning
- Keywords
- blockchain, health data sharing, data privacy, data security, patient identity, data immutability, data aggregation, patient engagement, incentives, governance, barriers to adoption
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