Multifunctional neuroprotective effect of Withanone, a compound from Withania somnifera roots in alleviating cognitive dysfunction
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic disorder that slowly worsens and impairs the person's memory, learning, reasoning, judgment, communication and familiar tasks with loss of orientation. AD is characterized clinically by cognitive deficit and pathologically by the deposition of β amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, associated with degeneration of the cholinergic forebrain. Withanone (WS-2), a compound isolated from root extract of Withania somnifera at doses administered orally/day to wistar rats for duration of 21 days showed significant improvement in the cognitive skill by inhibiting amyloid β-42 and attenuated the elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, MCP-1, Nitric oxide, lipid peroxidation and both β- and γ- secretase enzymatic activity. Administration of WS-2 also significantly reversed the decline in acetyl choline and Glutathione (GSH) activity. None of the treatments that are available today alter the underlying causes of this terminal disease. Few preliminary clinical treatments have demonstrated that some plant medicines do ameliorate and improve memory and learning in patients with mild-to-moderate AD. WS-2 showed promise in AD treatment because of cognitive benefits and more importantly, mechanisms of action with respect to the fundamental pathophysiology of the disease, not limited to the inhibition of AChE, but also include the modification of Aβ processing, protection against oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Water and alcoholic extract of roots and leaves has anti-bacterial activity.
“Anti-bacterial activity”
From Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Ashwagandha): A comprehensive review on ethnopharmacology, pharmacotherapeutics, biomedicinal and toxicological aspects (2021) · cites this paper as [248]
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- Authors
- Pandey, A., Bani, S., Dutt, P., Kumar Satti, N., Avtar Suri, K., & Nabi Qazi, G.
- Affiliations
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Bani, Sarang
- ORCID
- Pandey, Anjali
- Venue
- Cytokine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-02
- Volume
- 102
- Pages
- 211-221
- ISSN
- 1043-4666 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2767106455
- Cited by
- 104
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 6
- FWCI
- 11.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Cytokine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Phytochemicals and Medicinal Plants
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Medicinal Plants and Neuroprotection
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Keywords
- withanone, Withania somnifera, Alzheimer's disease, neuroprotection, cognitive impairment, amyloid-beta 42, beta-secretase, gamma-secretase, acetylcholinesterase inhibition, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, inflammatory cytokines, nitric oxide, glutathione, acetylcholine, anti-inflammatory activity, phytochemicals
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Avoidance Learning, Brain, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Male, Phytotherapy, Triterpenes, Cytokines, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Rats, Wistar, Oxidative Stress, Neuroprotective Agents, Maze Learning, Withania, Rats, Withanolides, Cognitive Dysfunction
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