Photostability of sunscreens

Global Cancer Statistics, 2002

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Photoprotection

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Skin DNA photodamage and its biological consequences

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Topical vitamin C protects porcine skin from ultraviolet radiation-induced damage

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Photoprotection

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Role of the Oxygen Molecule and of the Photogenerated Electron in TiO2-Photocatalyzed Air Oxidation Reactions

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Ultraviolet B but not Ultraviolet A Radiation Initiates Melanoma

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Ultraviolet filters

Shaath, N. A. (2010) · Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences · doi:10.1039/b9pp00174c · Cited by 270 · see citing works

Removing pharmaceuticals and endocrine‐disrupting compounds from wastewater by photocatalysis

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Sunscreen enhancement of UV-induced reactive oxygen species in the skin

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Evaluation of the photostability of different UV filter combinations in a sunscreen

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Irradiation of titanium dioxide generates both singlet oxygen and superoxide anion

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Photostabilization of Butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (Avobenzone) and Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate by Bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyl triazine (Tinosorb S), a New UV Broadband Filter¶

Chatelain, E., & Gabard, B. (2001) · Photochemistry and Photobiology · doi:10.1562/0031-8655(2001)0740401pobmaa2.0.co2 · Cited by 207 · see citing works

Factors affecting diclofenac decomposition in water by UV-A/TiO2 photocatalysis

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Photostability and phytotoxicity of selected sunscreen agents and their degradation mixtures in water

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Microfine zinc oxide (Z-Cote) as a photostable UVA/UVB sunblock agent

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Photochemistry of dibenzoyl methane UVA filters—Part 1

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Changes in ultraviolet absorption of sunscreens after ultraviolet irradiation

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An in vitro systematic spectroscopic examination of the photostabilities of a random set of commercial sunscreen lotions and their chemical UVB/UVA active agents

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Microfine zinc oxide is a superior sunscreen ingredient to microfine titanium dioxide

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Broad spectrum bioactive sunscreens

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The historical aspects of sunscreens

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Photostability of the sunscreening agent 4-tert-butyl-4′-methoxydibenzoylmethane (avobenzone) in solvents of different polarity and proticity

Mturi, G. J., & Martincigh, B. S. (2008) · Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jphotochem.2008.09.007 · Cited by 141 · see citing works

Interactions between different solar UVB/UVA filters contained in commercial suncreams and consequent loss of UV protection

Dondi, D., Albini, A., & Serpone, N. (2006) · Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences · doi:10.1039/b606768a · Cited by 140 · see citing works

Drugs, photochemistry and photostability

Albini, A., & FASANI, E. (1998) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 138 · see citing works

Human safety and efficacy of ultraviolet filters and sunscreen products

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Changes in ultraviolet absorbance and hence in protective efficacy against lipid peroxidation of organic sunscreens after UVA irradiation

Damiani, E., Rosati, L., Castagna, R., Carloni, P., & Greci, L. (2006) · Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2005.03.011 · Cited by 121 · see citing works

Photoprotective efficacy and photostability of fifteen sunscreen products having the same label SPF subjected to natural sunlight

Hojerová, J., Medovcíková, A., & Mikula, M. (2011) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.01.040 · Cited by 120 · see citing works

Photoisomerization of octyl methoxycinnamate

Pattanaargson, S., Munhapol, T., Hirunsupachot, P., & Luangthongaram, P. (2003) · Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s1010-6030(03)00282-x · Cited by 116 · see citing works

Change of Ultraviolet Absorbance of Sunscreens by Exposure to Solar-Simulated Radiation

Maier, H., Hönigsmann, H., Schauberger, G., & Brunnhofer, K. (2001) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.0022-202x.2001.01425.x · Cited by 113 · see citing works

Photostability of UV Absorber Systems in Sunscreens†

Herzog, B., Wehrle, M., & Quass, K. (2009) · Photochemistry and Photobiology · doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.2009.00544.x · Cited by 112 · see citing works

Photodegradation of Dibenzoylmethanes: Potential Cause of Photocontact Allergy to Sunscreens

Karlsson, I. B., Hillerström, L., Stenfeldt, A., Mårtensson, J., & Börje, A. (2009) · Chemical Research in Toxicology · doi:10.1021/tx900284e · Cited by 107 · see citing works

Photochemical Formation of Singlet Molecular Oxygen in Illuminated Aqueous Solutions of Several Commercially Available Sunscreen Active Ingredients

Allen, J. M., Gossett, C. J., & Allen, S. K. (1996) · Chemical Research in Toxicology · doi:10.1021/tx950197m · Cited by 104 · see citing works

Filter-filter interactions. Photostabilization, triplet quenching and reactivity with singlet oxygen

Lhiaubet-Vallet, V., Marín, M., Jiménez, O., Gorchs, O., Trullàs, C., & Miranda, M. (2010) · Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences · doi:10.1039/b9pp00158a · Cited by 103 · see citing works

Photodecomposition of several compounds commonly used as sunscreen agents

Roscher, N. M., Lindemann, M. K. O., Bin Kong, S., Cho, C. G., & Jiang, P. (1994) · Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry · doi:10.1016/1010-6030(94)01043-9 · Cited by 101 · see citing works

Sequence-specific DNA damage induced by ultraviolet A-irradiated folic acid via its photolysis product

Hirakawa, K., Suzuki, H. S., Oikawa, S., & Kawanishi, S. (2003) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1016/s0003-9861(02)00722-1 · Cited by 100 · see citing works

Toxicity and Phototoxicity of Chemical Sun Filters

Butt, S. T., & Christensen, T. H. (2000) · Radiation Protection Dosimetry · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a033219 · Cited by 95 · see citing works

Modified titania nanomaterials for sunscreen applications – reducing free radical generation and DNA damage

Wakefield, G., Green, M., Lipscomb, S. J., & Flutter, B. R. (2004) · Materials Science and Technology · doi:10.1179/026708304225019803 · Cited by 89 · see citing works

UV-Filter combinations under UV-A exposure: Concomitant quantification of over-all spectral stability and molecular integrity

Damiani, E., Baschong, W., & Greci, L. (2007) · Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2007.03.003 · Cited by 87 · see citing works

Study of the photostability of 18 sunscreens in creams by measuring the SPF in vitro

Couteau, C., Faure, A., Fortin, J., Paparis, E., & Coiffard, L. J. M. (2007) · Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2007.01.052 · Cited by 87 · see citing works

Photophysical and Photochemical Studies of 2-Phenylbenzimidazole and UVB Sunscreen 2-Phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic Acid¶

Inbaraj, J. J., Bilski, P. J., & Chignell, C. F. (2002) · Photochemistry and Photobiology · doi:10.1562/0031-8655(2002)0750107papsop2.0.co2 · Cited by 85 · see citing works

Stability of octyl methoxycinnamate and identification of its photo‐degradation product

Pattanaargson, S., & Limphong, P. (2001) · International Journal of Cosmetic Science · doi:10.1046/j.1467-2494.2001.00071.x · Cited by 84 · see citing works

The effects of manganese doping on UVA absorption and free radical generation of micronised titanium dioxide and its consequences for the photostability of UVA absorbing organic sunscreen components

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Role of particle coating in controlling skin damage photoinduced by titania nanoparticles

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The photoisomerization of the sunscreen ethylhexyl p-methoxy cinnamate and its influence on the sun protection factor

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Modified TiO2 particles differentially affect human skin fibroblasts exposed to UVA light

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The identification of the UV degradants of melatonin and their ability to scavenge free radicals

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Sunscreens with an absorption maximum of ≥360 nm provide optimal protection against UVA1-induced expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1, interleukin-1, and interleukin-6 in human dermal fibroblasts

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The thermal and photostability of solid pharmaceuticals

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Damaging and protective properties of inorganic components of sunscreens applied to cultured human skin cells

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Singlet oxygen generation in the presence of titanium dioxide materials used as sunscreens in suntan lotions

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Influence of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin on transdermal penetration and photostability of avobenzone

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Photoreactivity of the sunscreen butylmethoxydibenzoylmethane (DBM) under various experimental conditions

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Photochemical formation of singlet molecular oxygen (1O2) in illuminated aqueous solutions of p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA)

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Comparative studies of the influence of cyclodextrins on the stability of the sunscreen agent, 2-ethylhexyl-p-methoxycinnamate

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Photostability of sunscreen products influences the efficiency of protection with regard to UV-induced genotoxic or photoageing-related endpoints

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Protection of skin biological targets by different types of sunscreens

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Inclusion Complexation of the Sunscreen Agent 2-Ethylhexyl-p-dimethylaminobenzoate with Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin: Effect on Photostability

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TiO2-promoted mineralization of organic sunscreens in water suspension and sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles

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Sunscreen ingredients and labelling: a survey of products available in the UK

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Effect of the combination of organic and inorganic filters on the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) determined by in vitro method

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Physical sunscreens: On the comeback trail

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Use of Ca–alginate as a novel support for TiO2 immobilization in methylene blue decolorisation

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Incorporation of dopants into the lattice of ZnO nanoparticles to control photoactivity

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Effects of undoped and manganese-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles on the colour fading of dyed polyester fabrics

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Influence of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin on photo-induced free radical production by the sunscreen agent, butyl-methoxydibenzoylmethane

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Percutaneous absorption with emphasis on sunscreens

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Topical Antioxidant Vitamins C and E Prevent UVB-Radiation-Induced Peroxidation of Eicosapentaenoic Acid in Pig Skin

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UVA protection labeling and in vitro testing methods

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Direct observation of the intermolecular triplet–triplet energy transfer from UV-A absorber 4-tert-butyl-4′-methoxydibenzoylmethane to UV-B absorber octyl methoxycinnamate

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Specific effects of single antioxidants in the lipid peroxidation caused by nano-titania used in sunscreen lotions

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Photostabilization of organic UV‐absorbing and anti‐oxidant cosmetic components in formulations containing micronized manganese‐doped titanium oxide

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Stability of UV Filters in Different Vehicles: Solvents and Emulsions

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Sunscreens: the impervious path from theory to practice

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In vitro UV-A protection factor (PF-UVA) of organic and inorganic sunscreens

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Increased antioxidant potential of combined topical vitamin E and C against lipid peroxidation of eicosapentaenoic acid in pig skin induced by simulated solar radiation

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Melatonin generates singlet oxygen on laser irradiation but acts as a quencher when irradiated by lamp photolysis

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Sunscreens and occupation: the Austrian experience

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Preliminaryin vitroinvestigation of the potential health effects of Optisol™, a nanoparticulate manganese modified titanium dioxide UV-filter used in certain sunscreen products

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Photostability of triprolidine hydrochloride and its mixtures with cyclodextrin and glucose

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Über den Lichtschutzfaktor hinaus - neue effiziente und photostabile UVA-Filter

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Photostability of Drugs and Drug Products

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A review of organic UV-filters in wastewater treatment plants.

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Cosmetic Ingredients as Emerging Pollutants of Environmental and Health Concern. A Mini-Review

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Seasonal occurrence, removal efficiencies and preliminary risk assessment of multiple classes of organic UV filters in wastewater treatment plants.

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The Effects of UV Light on the Chemical and Mechanical Properties of a Transparent Epoxy-Diamine System in the Presence of an Organic UV Absorber

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UV Filters: Challenges and Prospects

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Excited-State Dynamics of Isolated and Microsolvated Cinnamate-Based UV-B Sunscreens

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Role Evaluation of Active Groups in Lignin on UV-Shielding Performance

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Lignin-containing biodegradable UV-blocking films: a review

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Antioxidants in Sunscreens: Which and What For?

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Ultrafast Barrierless Photoisomerization and Strong Ultraviolet Absorption of Photoproducts in Plant Sunscreens

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Degradation and mineralization of organic UV absorber compound 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid (PBSA) using UV-254nm/H2O2

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SPF Enhancement Provided by Rutin in a Multifunctional Sunscreen

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Layered clay minerals, synthetic layered double hydroxides and hydroxide salts applied as pickering emulsifiers

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Functional photostability and cutaneous compatibility of bioactive UVA sun care products

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Toxicity of Different Chemical Components in Sun Cream Filters and Their Impact on Human Health: A Review

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Zinc oxide-induced changes to sunscreen ingredient efficacy and toxicity under UV irradiation

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Long-Acting and Safe Sunscreens with Ultrahigh Sun Protection Factor via Natural Lignin Encapsulation and Synergy

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New Hybrid Organic/Inorganic Polysilsesquioxane–Silica Particles as Sunscreens

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Photostability evaluation of five UV-filters, trans-resveratrol and beta-carotene in sunscreens

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Photophysics of sunscreen molecules in the gas phase: a stepwise approach towards understanding and developing next-generation sunscreens

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Long-Acting Ultraviolet-Blocking Mechanism of Lignin: Generation and Transformation of Semiquinone Radicals

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A hydroxyapatite–Fe 2 O 3 based material of natural origin as an active sunscreen filter

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New Perspectives on Titanium Dioxide and Zinc Oxide as Inorganic UV Filters: Advances, Safety, Challenges, and Environmental Considerations

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Singlet oxygen plays a key role in the toxicity and DNA damage caused by nanometric TiO2 in human keratinocytes

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Rutin increases critical wavelength of systems containing a single UV filter and with good skin compatibility

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Design of soft lipid nanocarriers based on bioactive vegetable oils with multiple health benefits

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Photo-stability and photo-sensitizing characterization of selected sunscreens’ ingredients

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Rice bran and raspberry seed oil-based nanocarriers with self-antioxidative properties as safe photoprotective formulations

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Mangiferin and naringenin affect the photostability and phototoxicity of sunscreens containing avobenzone.

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Photothermal tautomerization of a UV sunscreen (4-tert-butyl-4'-methoxydibenzoylmethane) in acetonitrile studied by steady-state and laser flash photolysis.

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A Perspective on the Ultrafast Photochemistry of Solution-Phase Sunscreen Molecules

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Comparative behavior between sunscreens based on free or encapsulated UV filters in term of skin penetration, retention and photo-stability

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Occurrence of pharmaceuticals and UV filters in swimming pools and spas

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Exploring the Inclusion Complex of a Drug (Umbelliferone) with α-Cyclodextrin Optimized by Molecular Docking and Increasing Bioavailability with Minimizing the Doses in Human Body

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Engineering-safer-by design ZnO nanoparticles incorporated cellulose nanofiber hybrid for high UV protection and low photocatalytic activity with mechanism

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Photodynamics of oxybenzone sunscreen: Nonadiabatic dynamics simulations

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Chemistry Inspired by the Colors of Fruits, Flowers and Wine

Quina, F. H., & Bastos, E. L. (2018) · Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências · doi:10.1590/0001-3765201820170492 · Cited by 53 · see citing works

Skin protection efficacy from UV irradiation and skin penetration property of polysaccharide-benzophenone conjugates as a sunscreen agent

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Unravelling the Photoprotective Mechanisms of Nature-Inspired Ultraviolet Filters Using Ultrafast Spectroscopy

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Environmentally Friendly Sunscreens: Mechanochemical Synthesis and Characterization of β-CD Inclusion Complexes of Avobenzone and Octinoxate with Improved Photostability

d'Agostino, S., Azzali, A., Casali, L., Taddei, P., & Grepioni, F. (2020) · ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering · doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c02735 · Cited by 46 · see citing works

Biobased Nanoparticles for Broadband UV Protection with Photostabilized UV Filters

Hayden, D. R., Imhof, A., & Velikov, K. P. (2016) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.6b12933 · Cited by 47 · see citing works

Phyllosphere Methylobacterium bacteria contain UVA-absorbing compounds

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Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids from Marine Resource

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Environmental implications and nanotechnological advances in octocrylene-enriched sunscreen formulations: A comprehensive review

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Coencapsulation of Butyl‐Methoxydibenzoylmethane and Octocrylene into Lipid Nanocarriers: UV Performance, Photostability and in vitro Release

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Exploring Mycosporine-like Amino Acid UV-Absorbing Natural Products for a New Generation of Environmentally Friendly Sunscreens

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Effects of the novel poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-encapsulated organic ultraviolet (UV) filters on the UV absorbance and in vitro sun protection factor (SPF)

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Photostability enhancement by encapsulation of α-tocopherol into lipid-based nanoparticles loaded with a UV filter

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Specialized Metabolites of the Lichen Vulpicida pinastri Act as Photoprotective Agents

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From Fundamental Science to Product: A Bottom-up Approach to Sunscreen Development

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LC/MS study of the UV filter hexyl 2‐[4‐(diethylamino)‐2‐hydroxybenzoyl]‐benzoate (DHHB) aquatic chlorination with sodium hypochlorite

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Influence of Titanium Dioxide Particle Size on the Photostability of the Chemical UV-Filters Butyl Methoxy Dibenzoylmethane and Octocrylene in a Microemulsion

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Implications of In-Use Photostability: Proposed Guidance for Photostability Testing and Labeling to Support the Administration of Photosensitive Pharmaceutical Products, Part 2: Topical Drug Product

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Photoexcited States of UV Absorbers, Benzophenone Derivatives

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Influence of vegetable oil on the synthesis of bioactive nanocarriers with broad spectrum photoprotection

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Theoretical study of tautomers and photoisomers of avobenzone by DFT methods

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Ultraviolet light blocking optically clear adhesives for foldable displays via highly efficient visible-light curing

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Photochemical studies of new synthetic derivatives of avobenzone under sunlight using UV-spectroscopy

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Stability and Removal of Benzophenone-Type UV Filters from Water Matrices by Advanced Oxidation Processes

Imamović, B., Trebše, P., Omeragić, E., Bečić, E., Pečet, A., & Dedić, M. (2022) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules27061874 · Cited by 36 · see citing works

Mechanistic Aspects of the Photophysics of UVA Filters Based on Meldrum Derivatives

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Exploring the Potential Use of Hylocereus polyrhizus Peels as a Source of Cosmeceutical Sunscreen Agent for Its Antioxidant and Photoprotective Properties

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Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate and butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane: Toxicological effects on marine biota and human concerns

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Mycosporine-like amino acids: Algal metabolites shaping the safety and sustainability profiles of commercial sunscreens

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Studies on the preparation and photostability of avobenzone and (2-hydroxy)propyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex

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Photodegradation behaviour of multiclass ultraviolet filters in the aquatic environment: Removal strategies and photoproduct identification by liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry

Celeiro, M., Facorro, R., Dagnac, T., Vilar, V. J. P., & Llompart, M. (2019) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2019.02.065 · Cited by 31 · see citing works

Skin bioinspired anti-ultraviolet melanin/TiO2 nanoparticles without penetration for efficient broad-spectrum sunscreen

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A new approach for cultivating the cyanobacterium Nostoc calcicola (MACC-612) to produce biomass and bioactive compounds using a thin-layer raceway pond

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Evaporation of Sunscreen Films: How the UV Protection Properties Change

Binks, B. P., Brown, J. L., Fletcher, P. D. I., Johnson, A. J., Marinopoulos, I., Crowther, J. M., & Thompson, M. A. (2016) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.6b02696 · Cited by 29 · see citing works

Diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl hexyl benzoate (DHHB) as additive to the UV filter avobenzone in cosmetic sunscreen formulations ‐ Evaluation of the photochemical behavior and photostabilizing effect

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The difficulties for a photolabile drug in topical formulations: The case of diclofenac

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Using ordered mesoporous silica SBA-15 to limit cutaneous penetration and transdermal permeation of organic UV filters

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Biocompatible UV-absorbing polymer nanoparticles prepared by electron irradiation for application in sunscreen

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Silsesquioxanes in the Cosmetics Industry—Applications and Perspectives

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A Perspective on Femtosecond Pump–Probe Spectroscopy in the Development of Future Sunscreens

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A Bioinspired Skin UV Filter with Broadband UV Protection, Photostability, and Resistance to Oxidative Damage

Li, N., Ji, X., Mukherjee, S., Yang, B., Ren, Y., Wang, C., & Chen, Y. (2023) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.2c19773 · Cited by 27 · see citing works

Degradation of 2-phenylbenzimidazole 5-sulfonic acid by UV/chlorine advanced oxidation technology: Kinetic model, degradation byproducts and reaction pathways.

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Assessment of advanced oxidation processes for the degradation of three UV filters from swimming pool water

Celeiro, M., Hackbarth, F. V., de Souza, S. M. D. A. G. U., Llompart, M., & Vilar, V. J. P. (2017) · Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.10.023 · Cited by 25 · see citing works

A long lasting sunscreen controversy of 4-aminobenzoic acid and 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde derivatives resolved by ultrafast spectroscopy combined with density functional theoretical study

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Butyl Methoxy Dibenzoylmethane

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