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Cited by 105Diabetes Management and EducationDiabetes Management and ResearchDiabetes Treatment and Management

The effect of a diabetes education programme (PRIMAS) for people with type 1 diabetes: Results of a randomized trial

Hermanns, Norbert, Kulzer, Bernhard, Ehrmann, Dominic, Bergis-Jurgan, Nikola, Haak, Thomas·2013·Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
DOI 10.1016/j.diabres.2013.10.009
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Abstract

Objective In a randomized, multi-centre trial, the efficacy of a self-management-oriented education programme (PRIMAS) for people with type 1 diabetes was compared with an established education programme as control group (CG). Primary outcome was the effect on glycaemic control in a 6-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes were the impact on emotional aspects, self-management related aspects and hypoglycaemia problems. Methods The study was conducted in an outpatient setting. 160 participants were randomized. Baseline characteristics in PRIMAS and CG were similar (age 45.1±13.5 vs. 45.9±13.1 years, p=.716; diabetes duration 18.8±12.3 vs. 19.8±13.4 years, p=.615; BMI 26.5±4.6 vs. 27.5±5.0kg/m(2), p=.236; HbA1c 8.3±1.1 vs. 8.1±1.0%, p=.236). Results At follow-up there was a significant 0.4 percentage points greater reduction of HbA1c in PRIMAS compared to CG (Δ -0.4±1.0% vs. Δ 0.0±0.6%; p=.012). Also, diabetes-related distress (Δ -0.3±0.7 vs. -0.1±0.4, p=.032) and dissatisfaction with diabetes treatment (Δ -3.3±6.9 vs. -1.9±5.6, p=.024) decreased more in PRIMAS. Diabetes empowerment (Δ 2.6±5.9 vs. 0.8±5.1, p=.037) and diabetes self-efficacy (Δ 1.4±3.6 vs. 0.2±4.0, p=.013) increased in PRIMAS. Incidence of severe hypoglycemia, hypoglycemia awareness, diabetes knowledge, and self-care behaviour improved in both groups with no significant differences between groups. Conclusion PRIMAS is more effective in lowering HbA1c than a previously established education programmes and also showed superiority in reducing diabetes-related distress and increasing diabetes empowerment, diabetes self-efficacy and satisfaction with insulin therapy.

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  • Intensive insulin management education programs that include nutrition therapy improve A1C and quality of life.

    “Intensive insulin management education programs that include nutrition therapy have been shown to improve A1C (9,264,268,271 -273) and quality of life (9,274).”

    From Nutrition Therapy for Adults With Diabetes or Prediabetes: A Consensus Report (2019) · cites this paper as [273]

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Authors
Hermanns, N., Kulzer, B., Ehrmann, D., Bergis-Jurgan, N., & Haak, T.
Affiliations
  • German Diabetes Center Mergentheim (DE)
  • Forschungsinstitut der Diabetes Akademie Mergentheim (DE)
Corresponding author
Hermanns, Norbert
ORCID
Venue
Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2013-12
Volume
102
Issue
3
Pages
149-157
ISSN
0168-8227 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.diabres.2013.10.009
OpenAlex
W2052670832
Cited by
105
References
28
Citations by year
2026: 11 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 3
FWCI
6.29
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
Keywords
diabetes education, glycemic control, HbA1c, diabetes distress, diabetes empowerment, diabetes self-efficacy, hypoglycemia, hypoglycemia awareness, diabetes knowledge, self-care behavior
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Awareness, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Germany, Humans, Hypoglycemia, Insulin, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Education as Topic, Power, Psychological, Prospective Studies, Self Care, Incidence, Case-Control Studies, Young Adult

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