The DOI matches its Crossref record; 64 of the 64 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The more you drink, the harder you fall: A systematic review and meta-analysis of how acute alcohol consumption and injury or collision risk increase together
Open accessAbstract
Alcohol consumption causes injury in a dose-response manner. The most common mode of sustaining an alcohol-attributable injury is from a single occasion of acute alcohol consumption, but much of the injury literature employs usual consumption habits to assess risk instead. An analysis of the acute dose-response relationship between alcohol and injury is warranted to generate single occasion- and dose-specific relative risks. A systematic literature review and meta-analysis was conducted to fill this gap. Linear and best-fit first-order model were used to model the data. Usual tests of heterogeneity and publication bias were run. Separate meta-analyses were run for motor vehicle and non-motor vehicle injuries, as well as case-control and case-crossover studies. The risk of injury increases non-linearly with increasing alcohol consumption. For motor vehicle accidents, the odds ratio increases by 1.24 (95% CI: 1.18-1.31) per 10-g in pure alcohol increase to 52.0 (95% CI: 34.50-78.28) at 120 g. For non-motor vehicle injury, the OR increases by 1.30 (95% CI: 1.26-1.34) to an OR of 24.2 at 140 g (95% CI: 16.2-36.2). Case-crossover studies of non-MVA injury result in overall higher risks than case-control studies and the per-drink increase in odds of injury was highest for intentional injury, at 1.38 (95% CI: 1.22-1.55). Efforts to reduce drinking both on an individual level and a population level are important. No level of consumption is safe when driving and less than 2 drinks per occasion should be encouraged to reduce the risk of injury.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The dose-response relationship between acute alcohol use, measured through the blood alcohol concentration and injury, seems exponential for all injury types, albeit varying slightly by type of injury.
“The dose–response relationship between acute alcohol use, measured through the blood alcohol concentration and injury, seem exponential for all injury types, albeit varying slightly by type of injury 311, 312, 313.”
From The relationship between different dimensions of alcohol use and the burden of disease—an update (2017) · cites this paper as [312]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test
Egger, M., Smith, G. D., Schneider, M., & Minder, C. (1997) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629 · Cited by 56,722
Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis
Higgins, J. P. T., & Thompson, S. G. (2002) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1186 · Cited by 36,763
Operating characteristics of a rank correlation test for publication bias
Begg, C. B., & Mazumdar, M. (1994) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2533446 · Cited by 16,955
Rehm, J., Mathers, C., Popova, S., Thavorncharoensap, M., Teerawattananon, Y., & Patra, J. (2009) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)60746-7 · Cited by 3,870
Self-citationEzzati, M., López, A. D., Rodgers, A., & Murray, C. J. L. (2004) · Cited by 3,319
Regression Using Fractional Polynomials of Continuous Covariates: Parsimonious Parametric Modelling
Royston, P. J., & Altman, D. G. (1994) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series C (Applied Statistics) · doi:10.2307/2986270 · Cited by 1,797
Alcohol: No Ordinary Commodity. Research and public policy
Babor, T. F., Caetano, R., Casswell, S., Edwards, G., Giesbrecht, N., Graham, K., Grube, J. W., Hill, L., Holder, H. D., Homel, R. J., et al. (2003) · Cited by 1,718
Self-citationSystematic Review: Why sources of heterogeneity in meta-analysis should be investigated
Thompson, S. G. (1994) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.309.6965.1351 · Cited by 1,017
Rehm, J., Room, R., Graham, K., Monteiro, M., Gmel, G., & Sempos, C. T. (2003) · Addiction · doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.2003.00467.x · Cited by 995
Self-citationField, A. P. (2001) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.6.2.161 · Cited by 725
Interpretation of tests of heterogeneity and bias in meta-analysis
Ioannidis, J. P. A. (2008) · Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2008.00986.x · Cited by 696
Zador, P., Krawchuk, S. A., & Voas, R. B. (2000) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol · doi:10.15288/jsa.2000.61.387 · Cited by 443
Corrao, G., Bagnardi, V., Zambon, A., & Aricò, S. (1999) · Addiction · doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.1999.9410155111.x · Cited by 389
Global burden of disease from alcohol, illicit drugs and tobacco
Rehm, J. T., TAYLOR, B., & Room, R. (2006) · Drug and Alcohol Review · doi:10.1080/09595230600944453 · Cited by 366
Self-citationMura, P., Kintz, P., Ludes, B., et al. (2003) · Forensic Science International · doi:10.1016/s0379-0738(03)00052-5 · Cited by 298
Alcohol no ordinary commodity: research and public policy
Romano, M., & Laranjeira, R. (2004) · Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1590/s1516-44462004000400017 · Cited by 248
The Problems in Using Fixed-Effects Models of Meta-Analysis on Real-World Data
Field, A. P. (2003) · Understanding Statistics · doi:10.1207/s15328031us0202_02 · Cited by 237
A strategy for modelling the effect of a continuous covariate in medicine and epidemiology.
Royston, P. (2000) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/1097-0258(20000730)19:14 · Cited by 234
The relationship between blood alcohol concentration (BAC), age, and crash risk
Peck, R. C., Gebers, M. A., Voas, R. B., & Romano, E. (2008) · Journal of Safety Research · doi:10.1016/j.jsr.2008.02.030 · Cited by 207
Keall, M., Frith, W. J., & Patterson, T. L. (2003) · Accident Analysis & Prevention · doi:10.1016/s0001-4575(02)00114-8 · Cited by 201
Eron, L. D. (1996) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.98.4.821 · Cited by 182
Gmel, G. E., & Daeppen, J. (2007) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs · doi:10.15288/jsad.2007.68.303 · Cited by 150
Risk Factors for Injurious Falls Leading to Hospitalization or Death in a Cohort of 19,500 Adults
Malmivaara, A. O. V., Heliövaara, M., Knekt, P., Reunanen, A., & Aromaa, A. (1993) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116871 · Cited by 148
Risk of injury from acute alcohol consumption and the influence of confounders
Watt, K., Purdie, D. M., ROCHE, A. M., & McClure, R. (2004) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2004.00823.x · Cited by 144
Standardization of alcohol calculations in research.
Brick, J. (2006) · Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2006.00155.x · Cited by 143
Borges, G. L. G. (2006) · Bulletin of the World Health Organization · doi:10.2471/blt.05.027466 · Cited by 136
Self-citationThe role of alcohol in Thailand motorcycle crashes
Kasantikul, V., Ouellet, J. V., Smith, T. D., et al. (2004) · Accident Analysis & Prevention · doi:10.1016/j.aap.2004.07.006 · Cited by 134
A longitudinal study of risk factors for motorcycle crashes among junior college students in Taiwan
Lin, M., Chang, S. H., Pai, L., & Keyl, P. M. (2002) · Accident Analysis & Prevention · doi:10.1016/s0001-4575(02)00002-7 · Cited by 131
Alcohol and fatal injuries among US adults. Findings from the NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study
Anda, R. F. (1988) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.260.17.2529 · Cited by 130
The Grand Rapids dip revisited
Hurst, P. M., Harte, D. S., & Frith, W. J. (1994) · Accident Analysis & Prevention · doi:10.1016/0001-4575(94)90026-4 · Cited by 129
A population-based case-crossover and case-control study of alcohol and the risk of injury.
Vinson, D. C., Maclure, M., Reidinger, C., & Smith, G. S. (2003) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol · doi:10.15288/jsa.2003.64.358 · Cited by 128
Rehm, J. T., Room, R., & Taylor, B. (2008) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.259 · Cited by 107
Self-citationSuicide attempts and alcohol consumption in an emergency room sample.
Borges, G. L. G., & Rosovsky, H. (1996) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol · doi:10.15288/jsa.1996.57.543 · Cited by 107
Self-citationThe Contribution of Alcohol to Serious Car Crash Injuries
CONNOR, J. L., Norton, R., Ameratunga, S. N., & Jackson, R. (2004) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/01.ede.0000120045.58295.86 · Cited by 106
Use of Alcohol as a Risk Factor for Bicycling Injury
Li, G. (2001) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.285.7.893 · Cited by 102
Greenfield, T. K., & Rogers, J. (1999) · Addiction · doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.1999.9411173510.x · Cited by 101
Self-citationAlcohol and injury. A case-crossover study
Vinson, D. C. (1995) · Archives of Family Medicine · doi:10.1001/archfami.4.6.505 · Cited by 99
Drinking and Recreational Boating Fatalities
Smith, G. S., Keyl, P. M., Hadley, J. A., et al. (2001) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.286.23.2974 · Cited by 94
The role of alcohol in accidental falls.
Honkanen, R., Ertama, L., Kuosmanen, P., Linnoila, M., Alha, A. R., & Visuri, T. I. (1983) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol · doi:10.15288/jsa.1983.44.231 · Cited by 94
Stockwell, T. R., McLeod, R., Stevens, M., Phillips, M., Webb, M., & Jelinek, G. A. (2002) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol · doi:10.15288/jsa.2002.63.372 · Cited by 93
The alcohol-related accident risk in Germany: procedure, methods and results
Krüger, H.-P., & Vollrath, M. (2003) · Accident Analysis & Prevention · doi:10.1016/s0001-4575(02)00134-3 · Cited by 67
Blood Alcohol Concentration and Management of Road Trauma Patients in the Emergency Department
Fabbri, A., Marchesini, G., Morselli‐Labate, A. M., et al. (2001) · doi:10.1097/00005373-200103000-00018 · Cited by 63
Deery, H. A., & Love, A. W. (1996) · Addiction · doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.1996.9168158.x · Cited by 60
The role of alcohol in nonfatal bicycle injuries
Olkkonen, S., & Honkanen, R. (1990) · Accident Analysis & Prevention · doi:10.1016/0001-4575(90)90010-i · Cited by 60
Validity of self-reported alcohol consumption in nondependent drinkers with unintentional injuries.
Sommers, M. S., Dyehouse, J., Howe, S., Lemmink, J., Volz, T., & Manharth, M. (2000) · Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2000.tb02110.x · Cited by 59
A case-crossover study of acute alcohol use and suicide attempt.
Borges, G. L. G., CHERPITEL, C. J. S., MacDonald, S., Giesbrecht, N., Stockwell, T. R., & Wilcox, H. C. (2004) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol · doi:10.15288/jsa.2004.65.708 · Cited by 58
Self-citationGullberg, R. G. (2007) · Forensic Science International · doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2006.11.010 · Cited by 57
A cohort study of 20 822 young drivers: the DRIVE study methods and population
Ivers, R., Blows, S., Stevenson, M., Norton, R., Williamson, A. M., Eisenbruch, M., Woodward, M., Lam, L. T.-M., Palamara, P., & Wang, J. (2006) · Injury Prevention · doi:10.1136/ip.2006.011825 · Cited by 54
Alcohol and fatal injuries in Oklahoma.
Goodman, R. A., Istre, G. R., Jordan, F. B., Herndon, J. L., & Kelaghan, J. W. (1991) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol · doi:10.15288/jsa.1991.52.156 · Cited by 50
Taylor, B., Rehm, J. T., Room, R., Patra, J., & Bondy, S. J. (2008) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwn215 · Cited by 46
Self-citationCHERPITEL, C. J. S., Bond, J. C., Ye, Y., Borges, G. L. G., Room, R., Poznyak, V. B., & Hao, W. (2005) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2005.10.002 · Cited by 46
Self-citationAlcohol-Related Injuries: Evidence for the Prevention Paradox
Mc, S. (2005) · The Annals of Family Medicine · doi:10.1370/afm.243 · Cited by 43
The contribution of alcohol to falls at home among working-aged adults
Kool, B., Ameratunga, S. N., Robinson, E., Crengle, S. M., & Jackson, R. (2008) · Alcohol · doi:10.1016/j.alcohol.2008.04.004 · Cited by 40
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ACUTE ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AND CONSEQUENT INJURY TYPE
Watt, K., Purdie, D. M., ROCHE, A. M., et al. (2005) · Alcohol and Alcoholism · doi:10.1093/alcalc/agh164 · Cited by 37
Borges, G. L. G., Orozco, R., Cremonte, M., Figlie, N. B., CHERPITEL, C. J. S., & Poznyak, V. B. (2008) · Salud Pública de México · doi:10.1590/s0036-36342008000700003 · Cited by 37
Self-citationDeery, H. A., & Love, A. W. (1996) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1996.tb03577.x · Cited by 37
Gmel, G. E., Gaume, J., Faouzi, M., et al. (2008) · Alcohol and Alcoholism · doi:10.1093/alcalc/agn070 · Cited by 36
Vingilis, E. R., McLeod, A. I., Stoduto, G., et al. (2007) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs · doi:10.15288/jsad.2007.68.905 · Cited by 35
DRINKING PATTERNS AND PROBLEMS IN EMERGENCY SERVICES IN POLAND
Cherpitel, C. J. (2004) · Alcohol and Alcoholism · doi:10.1093/alcalc/agh053 · Cited by 33
Self-citationCasualties in Acapulco: results of a study on alcohol use and emergency room care
Borges, G. L. G. (1994) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/0376-8716(94)90002-7 · Cited by 29
Self-citationAlcohol and Injury: A Comparison of Emergency Room Populations in Two Canadian Provinces*
CHERPITEL, C. J. S., Giesbrecht, N., & Macdonald, S. (1999) · The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse · doi:10.1081/ada-100101890 · Cited by 28
Self-citationBazargan‐Hejazi, S., Gaines, T., Duan, N., & CHERPITEL, C. J. S. (2007) · The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse · doi:10.1080/00952990601087455 · Cited by 26
Self-citationKuendig, H., Hasselberg, M., Laflamme, L., et al. (2008) · The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care · doi:10.1097/ta.0b013e318068fc64 · Cited by 17
Risk of Injury: A Case-Crossover Analysis of Injured Emergency Service Patients in Poland
CHERPITEL, C. J. S., Ye, Y., Moskalewicz, J., & Świątkiewicz, G. (2005) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1097/01.alc.0000191771.44999.a1 · Cited by 17
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Rehm, 2004, Alcohol use, vol. 1, 959
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Lim, S. S., Vos, T., Flaxman, A. D., Danaei, G., Shibuya, K., Adair-Rohani, H., AlMazroa, M. A., Amann, M., Anderson, H. R., Andrews, K. G., et al. (2012) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)61766-8 · Cited by 11,805
Self-citationGrant, B. F., Chou, S. P., Saha, T. D., Pickering, R. P., Kerridge, B. T., Ruan, W. J., Huang, B., Jung, J., Zhang, H., Fan, A., et al. (2017) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.2161 · Cited by 1,362
The relationship between different dimensions of alcohol use and the burden of disease—an update
Rehm, J., Gmel, G. E., Gmel, G., Hasan, O. S. M., Imtiaz, S., Popova, S., Probst, C., Roerecke, M., Room, R., Samokhvalov, A. V., et al. (2017) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.13757 · Cited by 1,204
Self-citationBryazka, D., Reitsma, M. B., Griswold, M. G., Abate, K. H., Abbafati, C., Abbasi-Kangevari, M., Abbasi-Kangevari, Z., Abdoli, A., Abdollahi, M., Abdullah, A. Y. M., et al. (2022) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(22)00847-9 · Cited by 582
Chronic diseases and conditions related to alcohol use
Shield, K. (2013) · Alcohol Research: Current Reviews · doi:10.35946/arcr.v35.2.06 · Cited by 488
Moyer, V. A. (2013) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-159-3-201308060-00652 · Cited by 426
Kehoe, T., Gmel, G., Shield, K. D., Gmel, G., & Rehm, J. (2012) · Population Health Metrics · doi:10.1186/1478-7954-10-6 · Cited by 160
Self-citationJorgenson, E., Thai, K. K., Hoffmann, T. J., Sakoda, L. C., Kvale, M. N., Banda, Y., Schaefer, C., Risch, N., Mertens, J., Weisner, C., et al. (2017) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2017.101 · Cited by 136
Taylor, B., & Rehm, J. (2012) · Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2012.01785.x · Cited by 117
Self-citationThe impact of alcohol among injury patients in Moshi, Tanzania: a nested case-crossover study
Staton, C. A., Vissoci, J. R. N., Toomey, N., Abdelgadir, J., Chou, P., Haglund, M., Mmbaga, B. T., Mvungi, M., & Swahn, M. (2018) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5144-z · Cited by 63
Cherpitel, C. J., Ye, Y., Bond, J., Borges, G., Monteiro, M., Chou, P., & Hao, W. (2015) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.13031 · Cited by 50
Self-citationClausen, T., Martinez, P., Towers, A., Greenfield, T., & Kowal, P. (2015) · Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment · doi:10.4137/sart.s23549 · Cited by 20
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Taylor, B., Irving, H. M., Kanteres, F., Room, R., Borges, G., Cherpitel, C., Greenfield, T., & Rehm, J.
- Affiliations
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CA)
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- World Health Organization (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Taylor, B.
- Venue
- Drug and Alcohol Dependence
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-07
- Volume
- 110
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 108-116
- ISSN
- 0376-8716 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2887748
- OpenAlex
- W2117662245
- Cited by
- 509
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 43 · 2017: 40 · 2016: 43 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 27
- FWCI
- 3.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Drug and Alcohol Dependence (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (R01AA013750, P50AA005595)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality › Traffic and Road Safety
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Keywords
- acute alcohol consumption, dose-response relationship, motor vehicle accidents, intentional injury, collision risk, alcohol and injury, alcohol guidelines
- MeSH terms
- Accidents, Traffic, Alcohol Drinking, Alcoholic Intoxication, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Humans, Research Design, Risk, Wounds and Injuries, Odds Ratio, Case-Control Studies, Publication Bias, Cross-Over Studies
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review