The DOI matches its Crossref record; 140 of the 141 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
COPSE reloaded: An improved model of biogeochemical cycling over Phanerozoic time
Open accessOverview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The first-order relationship between global marine new production (newp′), global extent of anoxia (AANOX) and atmospheric pO2 (o′) has been obtained from Earth system ocean–atmosphere models (57):”
From Atmosphere-ocean oxygen and productivity dynamics during early animal radiations (2019) · cites this paper as [57]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The constants kanox = 12, ku = 0.5 are determined so that 0.25% of the seafloor is overlain by anoxic water masses similar to modern productivity and oxygen levels (newp′ = o′ = 1) and the formula gives a fairly sharp transition of AANOX from 23 to 77% as atmospheric pO2 declines from 13 to 8 atm%, consistent with biogeochemical models for the spatial distribution of oxygen in the oceans (57, 58).”
From Atmosphere-ocean oxygen and productivity dynamics during early animal radiations (2019) · cites this paper as [57]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
(2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2009-1-28473-5 · Cited by 3,859
Shampine, L. F., & Reichelt, M. W. (1997) · SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing · doi:10.1137/s1064827594276424 · Cited by 3,757
Global silicate weathering and CO2 consumption rates deduced from the chemistry of large rivers
Gaillardet, J., Dupré, B., Louvat, P., & Allègre, C. J. (1999) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/s0009-2541(99)00031-5 · Cited by 3,334
The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart
Cohen, K. M., Finney, S. C., Gibbard, P. L., & Fan, J. (2013) · Episodes · doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2013/v36i3/002 · Cited by 3,269
Sedimentary organic matter preservation: an assessment and speculative synthesis
Hedges, J. I., & Keil, R. G. (1995) · Marine Chemistry · doi:10.1016/0304-4203(95)00008-f · Cited by 2,546
Berner, R. A., Lasaga, A. C., & Garrels, R. M. (1983) · American Journal of Science · doi:10.2475/ajs.283.7.641 · Cited by 2,428 · cited 2×
“The model is driven by a range of geological forcing factors taken 119 from GEOCARB III (Berner and Kothavala, 2001), BLAG (Berner et al., 1983), and rock abundance data 120 (including coal).”
MethodA negative feedback mechanism for the long‐term stabilization of Earth's surface temperature
Walker, J. C. G., Hays, P. B., & Kasting, J. F. (1981) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans · doi:10.1029/jc086ic10p09776 · Cited by 2,310
The global distribution of ecosystems in a world without fire
Bond, W. J., Woodward, F. I., & Midgley, G. F. (2005) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01252.x · Cited by 1,942
GEOCARB II; a Revised Model of Atmospheric CO 2 Over Phanerozoic Time
Berner, R. A. (1994) · American Journal of Science · doi:10.2475/ajs.294.1.56 · Cited by 1,713
A Chronology of Paleozoic Sea-Level Changes
Haq, B. U., & Schutter, S. R. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1161648 · Cited by 1,623
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Engebretson, 1992, 180millionyears of subduction, GSA Today, 2, 93
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–300 of 350
Mineral evolution facilitated Earth’s oxidation
Shang, H. (2023) · Communications Earth & Environment · doi:10.1038/s43247-023-00824-3 · Cited by 9
The Effect of Seafloor Weathering on Planetary Habitability
Chambers, J. (2020) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab94a4 · Cited by 9
“Weathering rates increase with temperature, and land-based weathering essentially ceases below the freezing point of water (Walker et al. 1981; Marshall, Walker & Kuhn 1988; Berner 1994; Lenton et al. 2018).”
BackgroundZhang, P., Yang, M., Jiang, Z., Zhou, K., Xu, X., Chen, H., Zhu, X., Guo, Y., Ye, H., Zhang, Y., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.3389/fevo.2023.1284482 · Cited by 8
Girvanella fossils from the Phanerozoic: Distribution, evolution and controlling factors
Zhang, H., Dai, M., Qi, Y., Han, L.-L., Yin, Z.-L., Chen, S., & Lin, L. (2024) · Journal of Palaeogeography · doi:10.1016/j.jop.2024.07.004 · Cited by 8
Late Paleozoic climate transition from a long-term carbon cycle modeling perspective
Marcilly, C. M., Torsvik, T. H., & Jones, M. T. (2025) · Global and Planetary Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.104984 · Cited by 8
Fire in the Carboniferous earth system
Scott, A. C. (2024) · Evolving Earth · doi:10.1016/j.eve.2024.100044 · Cited by 8
Kabanov, P. (2021) · Global and Planetary Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2021.103573 · Cited by 8
Fleischmann, S., Picotti, V., Rugenstein, J. K. C., Cobianchi, M., & Bernasconi, S. M. (2022) · Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology · doi:10.1029/2021pa004392 · Cited by 8
Wang, H., Deng, Q., Cheng, B., Zhang, H., Liao, Z., & Peng, P. (2022) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2022.111160 · Cited by 8
Mechanistic links between intense volcanism and the transient oxygenation of the Archean atmosphere
Watanabe, Y., Ozaki, K., Harada, M., Matsumoto, H., & Tajika, E. (2025) · Communications Earth & Environment · doi:10.1038/s43247-025-02090-x · Cited by 7
Sub-millimeter molybdenum and uranium isotopes track millennial redox events in the Cambrian ocean
Zhao, Z., Hougård, I. W., Zou, C., Dickson, A. J., Dai, S., Jing, Z., Nielsen, A. T., Ju, P., Guo, Z., Basu, A., et al. (2025) · Communications Earth & Environment · doi:10.1038/s43247-025-02722-2 · Cited by 7
“Episodes of organic-rich shale deposition occurred throughout Earth ’ s history 1 – 6 with a notable abundance in the early Paleozoic when anoxic marine zones were more widespread and atmospheric pO 2 likely was lower than today 7,8 .”
Herbivory and its effect on Phanerozoic oxygen concentrations
Laakso, T. A., Strauss, J. V., & Peterson, K. J. (2020) · Geology · doi:10.1130/g47085.1 · Cited by 5
Chen, F., Xue, W., Yan, J., & Qi, M. (2021) · Geological Journal · doi:10.1002/gj.4151 · Cited by 7
“The alatoconchids originated in the early Kungurian, corresponding to a global palaeoclimatic transition from the LPIA to the greenhouse (Lenton et al., 2018; Rees, Gibbs, Ziegler, Kutzbach, & Behling, 1999).”
BackgroundXue, J., Wang, J., Bingxin, L., Huang, P., & Liu, L. (2022) · Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences · doi:10.3799/dqkx.2022.332 · Cited by 7
An overview of experimental simulations of microbial activity in early Earth
Zhao, M., Zhao, Y., Lin, W., & Xiao, K. (2023) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.1052831 · Cited by 7
Chen, J., Lu, Y., Sun, Y., Hogancamp, N. J., & Lu, M. (2024) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2024.122213 · Cited by 6
Insights from a dynamical system approach into the history of atmospheric oxygenation
Fakhraee, M., & Planavsky, N. J. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-51042-0 · Cited by 7
“To account for these uncertainties, we employed a stochastic approach, exploring the range of previouslyproposed values for key terms in our oxygen mass balance 4,10,23,24,27 – 29 .”
BackgroundMethodResultMid-Devonian ocean oxygenation enabled the expansion of animals into deeper-water habitats
Bubphamanee, K., Kipp, M. A., Meixnerová, J., Stüeken, E. E., Ivany, L. C., Bartholomew, A. J., Algeo, T. J., Brocks, J. J., Dahl, T. W., Kinsley, J., et al. (2025) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2501342122 · Cited by 6
Steinthorsdottir, M., Montañez, I. P., Royer, D. L., Mills, B. J. W., & Hönisch, B. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-99762-1.00074-7 · Cited by 12
Self-citationHorne, J. E., & Goldblatt, C. (2024) · Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems · doi:10.1029/2023gc011252 · Cited by 8
Kuang, W., Kopparapu, R., Krissansen‐Totton, J., & Mills, B. J. W. (2025) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adu8826 · Cited by 6
“The modern oxygen escape flux is ~ 10 26 O + ions/s or 0.005 Tmol O + /year ( 33 ), whereas the time-averaged O + polar outflow escape rate over the last 2 to 3 Gyr of Earth history has been estimated not to exceed 0.002 to 0.004 Tmol O + /year ( 34 ).”
InfluentialSelf-citationMaffre, P., Goddéris, Y., Hir, G. L., Nardin, É., Sarr, A., & Yannick Donnadieu, A. (2025) · Geoscientific model development · doi:10.5194/gmd-18-6367-2025 · Cited by 8
The Influence of Warming on Phosphorus Burial in Continental Margin Sediments
Zhao, M., Tarhan, L. G., Planavsky, N. J., & Isson, T. T. (2023) · American Journal of Science · doi:10.2475/001c.85110 · Cited by 6
Scott, A. C. (2024) · Fire · doi:10.3390/fire7070248 · Cited by 6
Kemeny, P. C., Torres, M. A., Fischer, W. W., & Blättler, C. L. (2024) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2316535121 · Cited by 5
Regulation of the carbon cycle on geological timescales
Coogan, L. A., & Rugenstein, J. K. C. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-99762-1.00060-7 · Cited by 5
Zhang, Y., Yuan, S., Mills, B. J. W., Merdith, A., Hu, Y., & Zhu, M. (2025) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2025gl119356 · Cited by 5
“…(paleo‐elevation, surface air temperature and runoff) under the fixed 10 × CO 2 scenario that falls within previously presumed Devonian CO 2 ranges (Lenton et al., 2018; Mills et al., 2021, 2025), while Figure 2 shows the latitudinal continental distributions of temperature, runoff, topographic…”
InfluentialSelf-citationHow Well Do We Understand the Geological Carbon Cycle?
Coogan, L. A., Lau, K., & Rugenstein, J. K. C. (2026) · Elements · doi:10.2138/gselements.22.1.12 · Cited by 5
Lukens, W. E., & Fox, D. L. (2021) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2021.110760 · Cited by 5
A biotic habitable zone: impacts of adaptation in biotic temperature regulation
Nicholson, A., & Mayne, N. J. (2023) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stad848 · Cited by 5
All aboard! Earth system investigations with the CH2O-CHOO TRAIN v1.0
Kukla, T., Ibarra, D. E., Lau, K., & Rugenstein, J. K. C. (2023) · Geoscientific model development · doi:10.5194/gmd-16-5515-2023 · Cited by 8
Badihagh, M. T., Uhl, D., Malekmohammadi, M., & Wang, Y. (2023) · Palaeoworld · doi:10.1016/j.palwor.2023.01.011 · Cited by 5
Vilović, I., Schulze‐Makuch, D., & Heller, R. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-39716-z · Cited by 6
“Carbon is released back into the oceans, atmosphere and biosphere via direct injections from the mantle such as volcanic eruptions and via oxidative/carbonate weathering and degassing of buried carbon 40,71,73 .”
Barnes, G. L., & Cramer, B. D. (2024) · Global and Planetary Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104365 · Cited by 5
Don’t mind the “charcoal gap”: A reassessment of Devonian wildfire
Glasspool, I. J., & Gastaldo, R. A. (2024) · Geology · doi:10.1130/g52648.1 · Cited by 5
Lovecchio, E., & Lenton, T. M. (2020) · Geoscientific model development · doi:10.5194/gmd-13-1865-2020 · Cited by 6
Self-citationKuwahara, Y., Fujinaga, K., Nozaki, T., Ohta, J., Yano, M., Yasukawa, K., Nakamura, K., & Kato, Y. (2022) · Global and Planetary Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2022.103920 · Cited by 5
Yano, M., Yasukawa, K., Nozaki, T., Fujinaga, K., Ohta, J., Nakamura, K., & Kato, Y. (2022) · Journal of Asian Earth Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2022.105480 · Cited by 5
Ito, K., Sugawara, S., Kageyama, S., Sawaguchi, N., Hyotani, T., Miyazawa, S., Makino, A., & Suzuki, Y. (2023) · Journal of Plant Research · doi:10.1007/s10265-023-01514-z · Cited by 5
“N allocation to Rubisco and were thought to gradually change to conditions similar to the present conditions 340 million years ago (Foster et al. 2017 ; Haworth et al. 2011; Lenton et al. 2016).”
Evolution of Earth's Atmosphere
Large, R. R. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-409548-9.11853-6 · Cited by 5
History of Greenhouse Gas Warming: CO2
Elias, S. A. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-102908-4.00019-9 · Cited by 5
Rhenium Isotopes Record Oxidative Weathering Intensity in Sedimentary Rocks
Dickson, A. J., Hilton, R. G., Prytulak, J., Minisini, D., Eldrett, J. S., Dellinger, M., Stow, M. A., & Wang, W. (2024) · Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems · doi:10.1029/2024gc011795 · Cited by 4
“…may not be currently limited by rate (i.e., supply of unaltered material), as commonly assumed in some models of Phanerozoic climate change (e.g., Berner, 2006; Bolton et al., 2006; we note that some incorporate a feedback mechanism to vary organic carbon weathering (e.g., Lenton et al., 2018)).”
Obliquity Dependence of Ocean Productivity and Atmospheric CO2 on Earth-like Worlds
Lerner, P. E., Romanou, A., Way, M. J., & Colose, C. M. (2025) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ada277 · Cited by 4
Loss of vegetation functions during the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum
Rogger, J., Korasidis, V. A., Bowen, G. J., Shields, C. A., Gerya, T., & Pellissier, L. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-66390-8 · Cited by 4
“…highest plant productivity and biomass, we apply a maximum six-fold weathering enhancement by vegetation, in the range of fi eld-and laboratory-derived enhancement factors 22 – 26,36 We evaluate the dynamics of terrestrial carbon cycling for different vegetation adaptation scenarios across the PETM.”
Guadalupian carbon isotope stratigraphy indicates extended interval of carbon cycle stability
Arefifard, S., Payne, J. L., & Rizzi, M. (2022) · American Journal of Science · doi:10.2475/09.2022.01 · Cited by 4
Haworth, M., Marino, G., Loreto, F., & Centritto, M. (2022) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156606 · Cited by 4
Do Southeast Asia's paleo‐Antarctic trees cool the planet?
Wilf, P., & Kooyman, R. M. (2023) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/nph.19067 · Cited by 4
Modeling hyperthermal events in the Mesozoic-Paleogene periods: a review
Zhang, Y., Mills, B. J. W., He, T., Hu, X., & Zhu, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.3389/fevo.2023.1226349 · Cited by 4
Self-citationPhanerozoic co-evolution of O2-CO2 and ocean habitability
Lu, Z., Rickaby, R. E. M., Payne, J. L., & Prow‐Fleischer, A. N. (2024) · National Science Review · doi:10.1093/nsr/nwae099 · Cited by 4
Orbitally‐Driven Nutrient Pulses Linked to Early Cambrian Periodic Oxygenation and Animal Radiation
Zhang, Y., Mills, B. J. W., Newton, R. J., He, T., Roper, A., Yang, T., & Zhu, M. (2025) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2025gl118689 · Cited by 4
Self-citationPeriodic ocean oxygenation events during the mid-Ediacaran
Li, Z., Chen, Z.-Q., Daines, S. J., Zhang, F., & Lenton, T. M. (2026) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/s41561-025-01883-1 · Cited by 3
“Our model predicts a high P level based on the conservative assumption that the C/P burial ratio under anoxic conditions is four times that under oxic conditions 38,44 .”
Self-citationCascading oxygen loss shoreward in the oceans: Insights from the Cambrian SPICE event
Sørensen, A. L., & Dahl, T. W. (2024) · One Earth · doi:10.1016/j.oneear.2024.05.011 · Cited by 3
Enzymatic and quantitative properties of Rubisco in some conifers and lycopods
Sugawara, S., Ito, K., Miyazawa, S., Makino, A., & Suzuki, Y. (2024) · Journal of Plant Research · doi:10.1007/s10265-024-01606-4 · Cited by 3
Yin, L., Yang, M., Lu, J., Ling, Z., Hu, X., Bian, X., Zhou, K., Zhang, P., Liu, L., Shao, L., et al. (2025) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2025.113039 · Cited by 3
Oxygen bounty for Earth-like exoplanets: spectra of Earth through the Phanerozoic
Payne, R. C., & Kaltenegger, L. (2023) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Letters · doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slad147 · Cited by 3
Quantitative and Nuanced Approaches Elucidate Carbon Isotope Records
Hagen, C. (2024) · Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems · doi:10.1029/2024gc011718 · Cited by 3
“There has also been a lot of effort to improve carbon isotope modeling, both on local and global scales (e.g., Geyman & Maloof, 2019; Lenton et al., 2018; Trower et al., 2024).”
Huang, T., & Fernández‐Remolar, D. C. (2025) · Minerals · doi:10.3390/min15030203 · Cited by 3
Experimental snowball earth viscosity drives the evolution of motile multicellularity
Halling, A., Goodson, B., Hirschmann, A., Wing, B. A., & Simpson, C. (2026) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2026.117756 · Cited by 3
“23,28,35,36 Proxies and modeling provide estimates for maximum and minimum ranges of CO 2 ppm 37–39 and O 2 ppm. 38,39 Inferred seawater viscosity for the shallow equatorial ocean with glacial interval viscosities for seawater with temperatures from (cid:0) 4 to (cid:0) 3 77 and some newer…”
Zhang, Z., Wu, R., Lehnert, O., Calner, M., Rasmussen, C. M. Ø., Tang, G., & Li, X. (2025) · Global and Planetary Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105246 · Cited by 2
Carbon/phosphorus burial ratio reveals a rapid spread of land plants during the Late Ordovician
Cai, J., Tarhan, L. G., Lenton, T. M., Qiu, R., Peacock, C. L., Planavsky, N. J., Ju, P., Zhao, W., Xu, Z., Zhang, H., et al. (2026) · Nature Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1038/s41559-026-02995-6 · Cited by 2
Self-citationWalton, C. R., White, & Rimmer, P. B. (2026) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1177/15311074261435780 · Cited by 2
Earth system instability explains redox paradox during late Cambrian SPICE event
Sheng, K., Li, Z., Zhou, J., Lin, Y.-B., Xiong, G., Ren, G., Chen, Z., Lenton, T. M., Shen, S., & Zhang, F. (2026) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aeb9224 · Cited by 2
“The early Paleozoic steady state ( p O 2 = ~ 0.2 PAL) was achieved by fixing all physical forcings inherited from the GEOCARB and COPSE models to values corresponding to 500 Ma ( 18 , 19 , 22 ).”
InfluentialSelf-citationYan, Z., Zong, P., & Huang, H. (2026) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2026.105609 · Cited by 2
Muttoni, G., & Kent, D. V. (2026) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2026.105632 · Cited by 2
��, Ï., ��, �., ��, �., ��, �., & ��, �. (2019) · SCIENTIA SINICA Terrae · doi:10.1360/sste-2019-0183 · Cited by 1
Ocean redox evolution past and present
Hardisty, D. S., & Lau, K. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-99762-1.00033-4 · Cited by 3
Gornitz, V. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-102908-4.00107-7 · Cited by 2
Galamay, A. R., Poberezhskyy, A. V., Hryniv, S. P., Vovnyuk, S., Sydor, D., Iaremchuk, I., Maksymuk, S., Oliyovych-Hladka, O., & Bilyk, L. (2021) · Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals · doi:10.15407/ggcm2021.01-02.110 · Cited by 1
Jeong, J., Bang, S., Wilson, D. J., & Huh, Y. (2025) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2025.122859 · Cited by 1
Measures of prehistoric terrestrial net ecosystem productivity and carbon sink function
Mays, C., Tyson, R. V., & Hren, M. T. (2025) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105222 · Cited by 1
Minio, M., Battistuzzi, M., Norici, A., Rocca, N. L., Pagliano, C., & Gerotto, C. (2025) · Physiologia Plantarum · doi:10.1111/ppl.70401 · Cited by 1
“During this period, cyanobacteria and green algae were the dominant primary producers in the oceans but their abundance then decreased after the “late Palaeozoic phytoplankton blackout” (Riegel 2008) and, with the rise of S concentrations to ranges of 17–27 mM in the early Mesozoic, comparable to those found in today'…”
InfluentialEnvironmental effects of land plants evolution in the phanerozoic
Cai, J., Ju, P., Liu, M., Xue, J., & Zhao, M. (2025) · Chinese Science Bulletin (Chinese Version) · doi:10.1360/tb-2025-0173 · Cited by 1
Giulio, A. D., Sternai, P., Sacchi, R., & Castrogiovanni, L. (2025) · Global and Planetary Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105173 · Cited by 1
Erosion-driven Delayed Warming and Marine Stress prior to the end-Permian Mass Extinction
Li, S., Shen, J., Grossman, E. L., & Zhang, S. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-026-74636-2 · Cited by 1
“To align with our research objectives, we expand the original iLOSCAR model with a dynamic phosphorus cycle 55 and a strontium cycle 56 .”
Redox Dynamics of the Atmosphere and Oceans Induced by the Paleoproterozoic Snowball Earth Events
Harada, M., Miura, Y., Watanabe, Y., & Ozaki, K. (2025) · Geobiology · doi:10.1111/gbi.70040 · Cited by 2
“…from the marine organic carbon burial rate ( F bo ) and the C/P burial ratio ( CP sea ): where CP sea depends on ocean anoxia, as described by Lenton et al. (Lenton et al. 2018): here, k oxic and k anox represent the C/P burial ratio of organic matter under oxic and anoxic conditions, respectively.”
InfluentialA model for Cenozoic seawater chemistry and carbon cycling
Coogan, L. A., & Dosso, S. E. (2025) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119811 · Cited by 1
Combined effects of photorespiration and fire strongly regulate atmospheric oxygen levels
Vitali, R., Belcher, C. M., Mills, B. J. W., & Watson, A. J. (2026) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.ady0542 · Cited by 1
“In earlier versions of COPSE, an explicit oxygen dependence was included in the marine organic carbon burial (mocb) flux, introducing a direct negative feedback on atmospheric O 2 levels ( 31 ).”
InfluentialSelf-citationYang, B., Na, Y., Shi, X., Wei, Y., Zhang, X., Wang, B., Sun, S., & Li, W. (2026) · Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology · doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2026.105518 · Cited by 1
Zhuravlev, A. V. (2026) · Open Palaeontology · doi:10.26034/la.opal.2026.7198 · Cited by 1
“…are mainly derived from computer models (e.g. COPSE, GEOCARB, GEOCARB NET, GEOCLIM, GEOCARBSULFvolc) (Berner, 1994; Berner and Kothavala, 2001; Lenton et al ., 2018; Mills et al ., 2019; Godd´eris et al ., 2014; Royer et al ., 2014; Marcilly et al ., 2021; Torsvik et al ., 2024) and do not…”
Zhang, Y., Yang, T., He, T., Mills, B. J. W., Newton, R. J., Zhao, M., Yang, L. W., & Zhu, M. (2026) · Global and Planetary Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105403 · Cited by 1
Self-citationLiu, J., Cui, K., Shi, Z., Zhao, J., Xi, D., & Wan, X. (2026) · Minerals · doi:10.3390/min16030292 · Cited by 1
Zhang, Y.-J., Liu, Y.-S., Wu, C., Liu, M.-L., Ma, H.-W., Xiang, M.-M., Zhang, D., Zhang, H.-H., Yu, Z.-Q., Gong, F., et al. (2026) · Journal of Palaeogeography · doi:10.1016/j.jop.2026.100351 · Cited by 2
Du, Z., Wu, H., Ban, S., Cao, H., Hao, A., Ma, J., & Wei, G. (2024) · Geological Journal · doi:10.1002/gj.4965 · Cited by 1
“The Jurassic period is considered a typical greenhouse period (Jenkyns, 1988; Lenton et al., 2018), when atmospheric CO 2 concentrations were approximately four times those of the present (Deng, Zhao, et al., 2017; Foster et al., 2017).”
BackgroundVillanueva, E. F., & Shaffer, G. (2025) · Geoscientific model development · doi:10.5194/gmd-18-2161-2025 · Cited by 2
Sheffield, S. L., Lam, A. R., & Matzke, N. J. (2020) · Abstracts with programs - Geological Society of America · doi:10.1130/abs/2020am-355924 · Cited by 1
Boyle, R. A., & Löscher, C. R. (2018) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/359422 · Cited by 1
Kunert, A. (2020) · UWSpace (University of Waterloo) · Cited by 1
An Introduction to Productivity and Carbon Cycling in Aquatic Ecosystems
Gontero, B., Lenton, T. M., & MABERLY, S. C. (2022) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119986782.ch1 · Cited by 1
Self-citationEarly Triassic super-greenhouse climate driven by vegetation collapsePreprint
Xu, Z., Yu, J., Yin, H., Merdith, A., Hilton, J. M., Allen, B. J., Wignall, P. B., Dunhill, A. M., Gurung, K., Shen, J., et al. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2084887/v1 · Cited by 1
Self-citationWeathering of accretionary orogens as a trigger for the Cambrian ExplosionPreprint
Zhu, M., Zhang, Y., Pastor‐Galán, D., Smit, M., Mills, B. J. W., Zhang, F., Guilmette, C., Miao, L., Li, S., Ganbat, A., et al. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3162070/v1 · Cited by 1
Self-citationSchuster, A., & Canfield, D. E. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.01.24.634792 · Cited by 1
The Role of Carbon Dioxide in the Evolution of Intelligence: Solving the Dinosauroid QuestionPreprint
Bardi, U. (2025) · Qeios · doi:10.32388/iknuzu · Cited by 3
A Historical Perspective on Long‐Term Global Biogeochemical Box Models
Kemeny, P. C., Krause, A., & Kump, L. R. (2025) · Geophysical monograph · doi:10.1002/9781394229185.ch12 · Cited by 2
Supplemental Material: Evaporite weathering and deposition as a long-term climate forcing mechanism
Shields, G., & Mills, B. J. W. (2020) · doi:10.1130/geol.s.13076270.v1
Self-citationGalamay, A. R., Meng, F., Sydor, D., & Zhang, Y. (2019) · Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals · doi:10.15407/ggcm2019.04.078
Stratigraphy and facies of mid-Palaeozoic successions in southern Mongolia
Munkhjargal, A. (2022) · doi:10.21248/gups.65777
Conwell, C. T., & al., E. (2022) · doi:10.1130/geol.s.19579441.v1
Ozaki, K., Cole, D. B., Reinhard, C. T., et al. (2022) · Geoscientific model development · doi:10.5194/gmd-2022-12-rc1
Conwell, C. T., & al., E. (2022) · doi:10.1130/geol.s.19579441
Supplemental Material: Evaporite weathering and deposition as a long-term climate forcing mechanism
Shields, G., & Mills, B. J. W. (2020) · doi:10.1130/geol.s.13076270
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Lenton, T. M., Daines, S. J., & Mills, B. J. W.
- Affiliations
- University of Exeter (GB)
- University of Leeds (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Lenton, Timothy M.
- Venue
- Earth-Science Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-03
- Volume
- 178
- Pages
- 1-28
- ISSN
- 0012-8252 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2772093563
- Cited by
- 350
- References
- 141
- Citations by year
- 2026: 40 · 2025: 46 · 2024: 42 · 2023: 53 · 2022: 57 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 10
- FWCI
- 14.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Locations
- Earth-Science Reviews (publishedVersion)
- White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (acceptedVersion)
- Open Research Exeter (University of Exeter) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Leeds
- Natural Environment Research Council (NE/P013651/1, NE/N018508/1)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Earth Systems and Cosmic Evolution
- Keywords
- atmospheric oxygen, atmospheric CO2, sulfate, strontium isotopes, ocean anoxia, seafloor weathering, volcanic rock weathering, land plants, carbon cycle modeling
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review