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COPSE reloaded: An improved model of biogeochemical cycling over Phanerozoic time
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“The first-order relationship between global marine new production (newp′), global extent of anoxia (AANOX) and atmospheric pO2 (o′) has been obtained from Earth system ocean–atmosphere models (57):”
From Atmosphere-ocean oxygen and productivity dynamics during early animal radiations (2019) · cites this paper as [57]
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“The constants kanox = 12, ku = 0.5 are determined so that 0.25% of the seafloor is overlain by anoxic water masses similar to modern productivity and oxygen levels (newp′ = o′ = 1) and the formula gives a fairly sharp transition of AANOX from 23 to 77% as atmospheric pO2 declines from 13 to 8 atm%, consistent with biogeochemical models for the spatial distribution of oxygen in the oceans (57, 58).”
From Atmosphere-ocean oxygen and productivity dynamics during early animal radiations (2019) · cites this paper as [57]
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Ozaki, K. (2022) · Geoscientific model development · doi:10.5194/gmd-2022-12-ac1
Rugenstein, J. K. C., & Winkler, A. J. (2022) · doi:10.1002/essoar.10512683.1
Land plant evolution and volcanism led to the Late Devonian mass extinction
Filippelli, G. M., Smart, M. S., Gilhooly, W., Ozaki, K., Reinhard, C. T., Whiteside, J. H., & Marshall, J. E. A. (2023) · doi:10.5194/egusphere-egu23-7734
Kukla, T. (2023) · doi:10.5194/egusphere-2022-1000-ac2
Kukla, T. (2023) · doi:10.5194/egusphere-2022-1000-ac1
Han, Q., Liu, J., Hower, J. C., Moore, T. A., Shang, N., Zhao, S., Jia, R., & Dai, S. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4605497
The nature of the rock record: Through the lens of the rock cycle
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Biogeochemical modeling of global nutrient cycling
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The Relationship Between Normal-range Ejection Fraction and Diastolic Function
Yılmaz, M., & Sonsöz, M. R. (2024) · Journal of Academic Research in Medicine · doi:10.4274/jarem.galenos.2024.08870
(2025) · Geoscientific model development · doi:10.5194/gmd-2024-220-rc1
Accelerations of the Phanerozoic biogeosystems
Shang, H. (2025) · Palaeontology · doi:10.1111/pala.12734
“With the reconstructed and compiled datasets on these quantities, a variety of global-scale mathematical models (Lenton et al .”
Mass Extinctions and the Paleobotanical Record
Degani-Schmidt, I., Spiekermann, R., Gobo, W. V., & Jasper, A. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-15750-9.00101-4
Jiang, Y., Lou, R.-Q., Liang, Y., Gou, B.-J., Huang, W.-Y., Wu, J.-Y., & Ding, S. T. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5459885
Trela, W., Jewuła, K., Malec, J., & Krzemińska, E. (2025) · Journal of the Geological Society · doi:10.1144/jgs2024-283
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Yang, B., Zhang, D., Shi, X., Zhang, X., Sun, S., Li, W., & Wang, T. (2025) · Geological Journal · doi:10.1002/gj.70141
“The Jurassic period is recognised as a classic greenhouse climate phase in Earth's geological history, with atmospheric CO 2 concentrations and sea surface temperatures significantly higher than those of the present day (Berner 1994; Berner and Kothavala 2001; Lenton et al. 2018; Scotese 2021).”
Li, Y., Yang, K., Ye, Z., Xue, J., Lin, S., & Wang, S. (2025) · Global and Planetary Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105075
Jiao, Y., Emmings, J. F., Zhou, L., Algeo, T. J., Liu, J., Feng, L., Zhang, D., & Wang, J. (2025) · Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology · doi:10.1029/2025pa005185
“Increasing oceanic oxygenation during the Late Devonian is also consistent with atmospheric oxygen re-constructions based on the GEOCARB and GEOCARBSULF models (Figure 10; Berner, 2006; Lenton et al., 2018) and shale C org /P records (Algeo & Ingall, 2007, their Figures 5–6).”
InfluentialRen, C., Fang, Q., Wu, H., Huang, W., Jing, X., Liu, J., Wang, Z., Gai, C., Shi, M., Yang, T., et al. (2026) · Global and Planetary Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105283
Jiang, Y., Lou, R.-Q., Liang, Y., Gou, B.-J., Huang, W.-Y., Wu, J.-Y., & Ding, S.-T. (2026) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2026.113663
Shang, N.-D., Liu, J.-J., Dai, S.-F., Graham, I. T., Han, Q.-C., Jia, R.-K., Feng, J.-W., Yao, M.-D., & Wang, Y. (2026) · Palaeoworld · doi:10.1016/j.palwor.2026.201100
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“…that controlled the coupled excursions in δ 13 C carb and δ 7 Li sw during the TICE, we use the global biogeochemical cycles model GEOCLIM [60 ,61 ] and COPSE [13 ,62 ], particularly focusing on the effects of enhanced uplift and land plant evolution on global continental silicate weathering.”
Outgassing control on the Phanerozoic atmospheric CO2 dynamics
Fakhraee, M. (2026) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2026.123410
Unsteady Gypsum Cycling as a Driver of Cryptic Perturbations in the Ancient Carbon Cycle
Hantsoo, K., & Lau, K. (2026) · Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology · doi:10.1029/2025pa005367
“The model's basic carbon cycle processes include CO 2 degassing, CO 2 ‐dependent weathering (Lenton et al., 2018), organic export productivity (Zeebe, 2012), pelagic calcification, export, and calcite burial (Boudreau”
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Subduction modulated the long-term oxygenation of Earth’s surface
Shi, W., Li, C., Mills, B. J. W., Brown, M., Johnson, T. E., Algeo, T. J., Hou, M., Wang, C., Zhao, M., & Poulton, S. W. (2026) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2534056123
Self-citationAlgal δ13C reveals climate changes during the Cambrian Explosion
Chang, C., Zhao, M., Ju, P., Fu, D., Li, R., Guo, J., Huang, K., Wang, M., Cui, L., Yang, Y., et al. (2026) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-026-74516-9
“…radiogenic with an 87 Sr/ 86 Sr value of ~0.703, whereas 87 Sr/ 86 Sr of the riverine input is complicated byweathering of different lithologies: ~0.705 for basalt, ~0.715 for felsic rocks, and values for carbonate rocks lying generally close to seawater at the time of their formation 15,51,52 .”
InfluentialWei, C.-H., Li, Y.-F., Zhang, C., Tan, X., Liang, F., Sun, C., Li, T., & Na, Y. (2026) · Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology · doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2026.105661
Avila, T. D., Saltzman, M. R., Joachimski, M. M., Griffith, E. M., & Mills, B. J. W. (2026) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2026.114032
Self-citationShi, W., Li, C., Zhu, R., Mills, B. J. W., Wang, C., Cui, J., Algeo, T. J., Li, M., Hou, M., & Poulton, S. W. (2026) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2026.120198
Self-citationZhuravlev, A. V. (2026) · Proceedings of the Komi Science Centre of the Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences · doi:10.19110/1994-5655-2026-4-5-10
The rise of plant community complexity and climate interaction over the Carboniferous
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“On Phanerozoic timescales, geochemical models similarly encode stabilizing feedbacks while allowing excursions when boundary conditions or feedback strengths change 15 – 17 .”
Multiscale hydrogeologic evolution and sedimentary responses during the Late Paleozoic Ice Age
Jin, Z., Wang, X., Wei, R., Li, M., & Hu, Y. (2026) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2026.105675
Huang, H., Cao, H., Chen, F., Wang, Z., Zhou, F., Chen, Q., Zeng, Y., & Chen, C. (2026) · Geoscience Frontiers · doi:10.1016/j.gsf.2026.102450
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“…(SCPs) or other novel substances such as plastics and elemental aluminium, together with unprecedented changes in the carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles, all of which are inscribed in ice-core and sediment records (Erlandson 2013; Steffen et al. 2015; Waters et al. 2016; Lenton et al. 2018).”
Is uniformitarianism still necessary for studying Earth-like planets?
Walton, C. R. (2026) · Geological Society London Special Publications · doi:10.1144/gslspecpub2026-34
An updated strontium isotope curve for early Cambrian seawater
Xu, A., He, T., Shields, G., von Strandmann, P. A. E. P., Zhuravlev, A. Y., Zhou, Y., THIRLWALL, M. F., Manning, C., Zhang, Y., Yang, C., et al. (2026) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2026.114244
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Greenhouse gas proxies through Earth's history
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Tracking coastal phosphorus delivery in deep timePreprint
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Depressed chemical weathering inhibited climate stabilization after the end-Permian biocrisis
Wei, G., Zhang, F., Zhang, H., Lin, Y.-B., Yin, Y., Gorgij, M. N., Arefifard, S., Algeo, T. J., von Strandmann, P. A. E. P., Mills, B. J. W., et al. (2026) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aee6350
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Lenton, T. M., Daines, S. J., & Mills, B. J. W.
- Affiliations
- University of Exeter (GB)
- University of Leeds (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Lenton, Timothy M.
- Venue
- Earth-Science Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-03
- Volume
- 178
- Pages
- 1-28
- ISSN
- 0012-8252 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2772093563
- Cited by
- 350
- References
- 141
- Citations by year
- 2026: 40 · 2025: 46 · 2024: 42 · 2023: 53 · 2022: 57 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 10
- FWCI
- 14.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Locations
- Earth-Science Reviews (publishedVersion)
- White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (acceptedVersion)
- Open Research Exeter (University of Exeter) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Leeds
- Natural Environment Research Council (NE/P013651/1, NE/N018508/1)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Earth Systems and Cosmic Evolution
- Keywords
- atmospheric oxygen, atmospheric CO2, sulfate, strontium isotopes, ocean anoxia, seafloor weathering, volcanic rock weathering, land plants, carbon cycle modeling
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