Effect of biochar activation by different methods on toxicity of soil contaminated by industrial activity
Abstract
The objective of the study was to determine the effect of various methods of biochar activation on the ecotoxicity of soils with various properties and with various content and origin of contaminants. The biochar produced from willow (at 700°C) was activated by 1) microwaves (in a microwave reactor under an atmosphere of water vapour), 2) carbon dioxide (in the quartz fluidized bed reactor) and 3) superheated steam (in the quartz fluidized bed reactor). Three different soils were collected from industrial areas. The soils were mixed with biochar and activated biochars at the dose of 5% and ecotoxicological parameters of mixture was evaluated using two solid phase test - Phytotoxkit F (Lepidium sativum) and Collembolan test (Folsomia candida) and one liquid phase test - Microtox® (Vibrio fischeri). Biochar activation had both positive and negative impacts, depending on the activation method, kind of bioassay and kind of soil. Generally, biochar activated by microwaves increased the effectiveness of ecotoxicity reduction relative to non-activated biochars. Whereas, biochar activated with CO 2 most often cause a negative effect manifested by deterioration or as a lack of improvement in relation to non-activated biochar or to non-amended soil. It was also demonstrated that the increase of biochar specific surface area caused a significant reduction of toxicity of water leachates from the studied soils. Effectiveness of the reduction of leachate toxicity was weakened in the presence of dissolved organic carbon in the soil.
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The physicochemical properties of hydrochar and its porous structure characteristics such as surface functionalization and physical or chemical activation can be improved by using various modification methods.
“The physicochemical properties of hydrochar and its porous structure characteristics such as surface functionalization and physical or chemical activation can be improved by using various modification methods [64,65].”
From Hydrochar: A Review on Its Production Technologies and Applications (2021) · cites this paper as [64]
Hydrochar generally reveals a low surface area and porosity due to the formation of hydrocarbons on the surface, which hinders its application as contaminant adsorbent and catalysts/catalyst support.
“As mentioned earlier, hydrochar generally reveals a low surface area and porosity due to the formation of hydrocarbons on the surface, which hinders its application as contaminant adsorbent and catalysts/catalyst support.”
From Hydrochar: A Review on Its Production Technologies and Applications (2021) · cites this paper as [64]
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- Authors
- Kołtowski, M., Charmas, B., Skubiszewska-Zięba, J., & Oleszczuk, P.
- Affiliations
- Maria Curie-Skłodowska University (PL)
- Corresponding author
- Oleszczuk, Patryk
- Venue
- Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-02
- Volume
- 136
- Pages
- 119-125
- ISSN
- 0147-6513 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2553037197
- Cited by
- 138
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 9
- FWCI
- 3.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- BCAMEND project (PSPB-135/2010)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Heavy metals in environment
- Keywords
- biochar activation, soil ecotoxicity, industrial contaminated soil, microwave activation, CO2 activation, Lepidium sativum, Folsomia candida, Vibrio fischeri, leachate toxicity, specific surface area, dissolved organic carbon, soil remediation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Arthropods, Carbon Dioxide, Charcoal, Hot Temperature, Microwaves, Poland, Soil Pollutants, Steam, Lepidium sativum, Salix, Aliivibrio fischeri, Ecotoxicology
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