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Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors as Alzheimer therapy: From nerve toxins to neuroprotection
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase is a member of the α/β hydrolase protein super family, with a significant role in acetylcholine-mediated neurotransmission. Research in the modulators of AChEs has moved from a potent poison (Sarin, Soman) in war times to the potent medicine (physostigmine) in peaceful times. Natural anti-AChE includes carbamates, glycoalkaloids, anatoxins derived from green algae; synthetic anti-AChE includes highly poisonous organophosphates used as nerve gases and insecticides. Recently, the role of anti-AChE was reassessed from neurotoxins to neuron-protective in the diseases characterized by impaired acetylcholine-mediated neurotransmission like Alzheimer's disease (AD). So, the AChE has been proven to be the most viable therapeutic target for the symptomatic treatment of AD. This review article gives a spectrum of strategies to design AChE inhibitors used in the Alzheimer therapy.
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In the citing paper
“In addition, the enzyme plays a role in the production of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles.”
From An update on the novel and approved drugs for Alzheimer disease (2022) · cites this paper as Singh et al., 2013
In the citing paper
“the positive effect of galantamine in restoring certain normal behavioral traits could result from its acetylcholinesterase inhibitor activity.”
From Galantamine Slows Down Plaque Formation and Behavioral Decline in the 5XFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease (2014) · cites this paper as [54]
In the citing paper
“acetylcholinesterase has been shown to promote the aggregation of β-amyloid peptide fragments by forming a complex with the growing fibrils [54].”
From Galantamine Slows Down Plaque Formation and Behavioral Decline in the 5XFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease (2014) · cites this paper as [54]
In the citing paper
“According to the cholinergic hypothesis, a decreased production of acetylcholine or an amplified acetylcholinesterase activity results in impairment of the cholinergic transmission, in turn leading to the loss of intellectual abilities [54].”
From Galantamine Slows Down Plaque Formation and Behavioral Decline in the 5XFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease (2014) · cites this paper as [54]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Singh, M., Kaur, M., Kukreja, H., Chugh, R., Silakari, O., & Singh, D.
- Affiliations
- Panjab University (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Singh, Dhandeep
- Venue
- European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-12
- Volume
- 70
- Pages
- 165-188
- ISSN
- 0223-5234 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1994264985
- Cited by
- 364
- References
- 210
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 2.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Cholinesterase and Neurodegenerative Diseases
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Toxicology › Pesticide Exposure and Toxicity
- Keywords
- acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, Alzheimer's disease, acetylcholinesterase, cholinergic neurotransmission, organophosphorus nerve agents, carbamate insecticides, physostigmine, glycoalkaloids, anatoxin, neuroprotection, drug design strategies, alpha/beta hydrolase superfamily
- MeSH terms
- Acetylcholinesterase, Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Cholinesterase Inhibitors, Humans, Drug Design, Molecular Structure
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