Indoor and outdoor poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in Korea determined by passive air sampler
Abstract
Despite concerns to their increasing contribution to ecological and human exposure, the atmospheric levels of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been determined mainly in Europe and North America. This study presents the indoor and outdoor air concentrations of volatile PFASs [fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs), and perfluoroalkyl sulfonamides/sulfonamidoethanols/sulfonamide ethyl acetate (FOSAs/FOSEs/FOSEA)] for the first time in Korean cities. In contrast to the good agreement observed for indoor FTOHs levels in Korea and Europea/North America, FOSAs/FOSEs levels were 10-100-fold lower in Korean indoor air, representing a cultural difference of indoor source. Korean outdoor air contained higher PFAS levels than indoor air, and additionally showed different PFAS composition profile from indoor air. Thus, indoor air would not likely be a main contributor to atmospheric PFAS contamination in Korea, in contrast to western countries. Inhalation exposure of volatile PFASs was estimated to be a minor contributor to PFOA and PFOS exposure in Korea.
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PFASs are distributed differently in indoor and outdoor environments.
“Furthermore, PFASs are distributed differently in indoor and outdoor environments.”
From Non-Target and Suspect Screening of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Airborne Particulate Matter in China (2018) · cites this paper as [43]
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- Authors
- Kim, S.-K., Shoeib, M., Kim, K.-S., & Park, J.-E.
- Affiliations
- Seoul National University (KR)
- Environment and Climate Change Canada (CA)
- Jeonbuk National University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Kim, Seung-Kyu
- Venue
- Environmental Pollution
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-03
- Volume
- 162
- Pages
- 144-150
- ISSN
- 0269-7491 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1996675661
- Cited by
- 83
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 1.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Environmental Pollution (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Korea Research Foundation (KRF) (2009-0075869)
- BK-21
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Fluorine in Organic Chemistry
- Keywords
- per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, PFAS, indoor air, ambient air, fluorotelomer alcohols, passive air sampling, inhalation exposure, perfluorooctanoic acid, PFOS, Korean cities
- MeSH terms
- Air Pollutants, Environmental Monitoring, Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated, Korea, Air Pollution, Indoor
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