Temporal variations of perfluoroalkyl substances and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in alpine snow
Open accessAbstract
The occurrence and temporal variation of 18 perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and 8 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the European Alps was investigated in a 10 m shallow firn core from Colle Gnifetti in the Monte Rosa Massif (4455 m above sea level). The firn core encompasses the years 1997-2007. Firn core sections were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (PFASs) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (PBDEs). We detected 12 PFASs and 8 PBDEs in the firn samples. Perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA; 0.3-1.8 ng L(-1)) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA; 0.2-0.6 ng L(-1)) were the major PFASs while BDE 99 (<MQL-4.5 ng L(-1)) and BDE 47 (n.d.-2.6 ng L(-1)) were the major PBDEs. This study demonstrates the occurrence of PFASs and PBDEs in the European Alps and provides the first evidence that PFASs compositions may be changing to PFBA-dominated compositions.
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The levels of some fluorinated alternatives or their degradation products, such as PFBS or PFBA, have been rising in recent years in the environment and human tissues in Europe.
“The levels of some fluorinated alternatives or their degradation products, such as perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS) or perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), have been shown to be rising in recent years in the environment and human tissues in Europe (Glynn et al., 2012;Ahrens, 2011;Kirchgeorg et al., 2013).”
From Helsingør Statement on poly- and perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) (2014) · cites this paper as Kirchgeorg et al., 2013
For PFHpA, PFNA, PFDA and PFUnA, a significant change point (in 2004 in all cases) was determined by the independent change point analysis in a compacted snow ('firn') core (dated: 1997-2007) from the Italian Alps.
“For PFHpA, PFNA, PFDA and PFUnA, a significant change point (in 2004 in all cases) was determined by the independent change point analysis in a compacted snow (”
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“Our analysis showed statistically significant downward trends (and in some cases large annual changes) for PFHpA, PFNA, PFDA, PFUnDA and PFDoDA in various products (see Additional file 7, Figures S14, S22, S27, S32, S36 for details), whereas other products showed no significant trends (the statistical power to detect…”
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Kirchgeorg, T., Dreyer, A., Gabrieli, J., Kehrwald, N., Sigl, M., Schwikowski, M., Boutron, C., Gambaro, A., Barbante, C., & Ebinghaus, R.
- Affiliations
- Leuphana University of Lüneburg (DE)
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon (DE)
- Ca' Foscari University of Venice (IT)
- Desert Research Institute (US)
- University of Bern (CH)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Kirchgeorg, Torben
- ORCID
- Venue
- Environmental Pollution
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-07
- Volume
- 178
- Pages
- 367-374
- ISSN
- 0269-7491 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1963671836
- Cited by
- 68
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 3.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Environmental Pollution (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht Zentrum für Materialforschung und kustenforschung (The Helmholtz Center Geesthacht) (submittedVersion)
- BORIS (University Library Bern) (submittedVersion)
- DORA PSI (Paul Scherrer Institute) (submittedVersion)
- ARCA (Università Ca' Foscari Venezia) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Multilingual Matters (Channel View Publications) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Paul Scherrer Institut
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Polar Research and Ecology
- Keywords
- perfluorinated compounds, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, alpine snow, firn cores, temporal variation, perfluorobutanoic acid, perfluorooctanoic acid, brominated flame retardants, persistent organic pollutants, Alps, Colle Gnifetti
- MeSH terms
- Air Pollutants, Altitude, Environmental Monitoring, Fluorocarbons, Snow, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers, Spatio-Temporal Analysis
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