Cited by 28Supercapacitor Materials and FabricationElectrocatalysts for Energy ConversionMXene and MAX Phase Materials

Maximizing the electrochemical performance of supercapacitor electrodes from plastic waste

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Dědek, Ivan, Bartusek, Stanislav, Dvořáček, Josef Jan, Nečas, Jan, Petruš, Josef, Jakubec, Petr, Kupka, Vojtěch, Otyepka, Michal·2023·Journal of Energy Storage

Abstract

The management of the increasing volume of plastic waste has become a key challenge for society. A promising strategy now consists in the transformation of plastic waste into high-value materials that can be utilized in energy storage devices such as batteries and supercapacitors. In this study, we demonstrate a two-step procedure, involving pyrolysis, followed by chemical activation that will convert common plastic waste into activated carbons (ACs). This technique makes ACs suitable for supercapacitor electrode materials. Further, the electrochemical performance of ACs is outstanding in terms of capacitance, energy density, and cycling stability. Besides the well-established parameters, including a specific surface area and micropore volume, we found that other critical factors such as polymer glass transition temperature, polymer-activating agent miscibility, activating agent (K2CO3):AC ratio, and AC water dispersion stability also play a crucial role in determining the supercapacitors performance. Controlling these parameters, we obtained ACs as supercapacitor electrodes from a range of plastic waste materials with a competitive electrochemical performance. Specifically, the ACs exhibited a specific capacitance of 220 F g−1 (at a current density of 1 A g−1), energy and power densities of 61.1 Wh kg−1 and 36.9 kW kg−1, respectively, and excellent cycling stability (95 % retention after 30,000 cycles). Our findings provide a pathway towards transforming plastic waste into valuable electrode materials for supercapacitors.

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  • Dedek and colleagues converted various plastic waste types (PE, PP, PES, PS, PA, PET, ABS, PU) into porous carbons via a two-step process of pyrolysis followed by chemical activation, and all electrode materials prepared by this method exhibited good performance.

    “Experimental results showed that all electrode materials prepared by this method exhibited good performance.”

    From Functional carbon materials from waste plastics: synthesis and applications (2025) · cites this paper as [130]

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  • Among the converted plastic-derived carbons, C-PA demonstrated a specific capacitance of 220 F/g at 1 A/g, energy and power densities of 61.1 Wh/kg and 36.9 kW/kg, respectively, and outstanding cycling stability (95% retention after 30,000 cycles).

    “Among them, the C-PA material demonstrated a specific capacitance of 220 F/g (at 1 A/g), energy and power densities of 61.1 Wh/kg and 36.9 kW/kg, respectively, and outstanding cycling stability (95% retention after 30,000 cycles).”

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Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. OECD, Global Plastics Outlook: Economic Drivers, Environmental Impacts and Policy Options, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris. https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/environment/global-plastics-outlook_de747aef-en, 2022 (accessed March 30, 2023).
  2. G.W. Ehrenstein, G. Riedel, P. Trawiel, Thermal Analysis of Plastics: Theory and Practice, Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, München, 2004, https://doi. org/10.3139/9783446434141. · DOI

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Authors
Dědek, I., Bartusek, S., Dvořáček, J. J., Nečas, J., Petruš, J., Jakubec, P., Kupka, V., & Otyepka, M.
Affiliations
  • Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials (CZ)
  • VSB - Technical University of Ostrava (CZ)
  • Central European Institute of Technology (CZ)
Corresponding author
  • Jakubec, Petr
  • Kupka, Vojtěch
  • Otyepka, Michal
Venue
Journal of Energy Storage
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2023-11
Volume
72
Pages
108660
ISSN
2352-152X (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W4385924971
Cited by
28
References
60
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 5
FWCI
1.69
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Energy Storage (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • DSpace VŠB-TUO (VŠB-TUO) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Brno University of Technology Digital Library (Brno University of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci (IGA_PrF_2023_018)
  • European Regional Development Fund (CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000754)
  • Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy (LM2023066)
  • European Social Fund
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials › Supercapacitor Materials and Fabrication
  • Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › MXene and MAX Phase Materials
Keywords
plastic waste, supercapacitor electrodes, activated carbon, pyrolysis, chemical activation, potassium carbonate, specific capacitance, energy density, cycling stability, waste valorization

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