Epidemiology of specific phobia subtypes: findings from the Dresden Mental Health Study
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This study determined the prevalence, age of onset, comorbidity, and impairment associated with specific phobia subtypes in the community. Data were drawn from the Dresden Mental Health Study ( N = 2064), a representative community-based sample of young women in Dresden, Germany. The lifetime prevalence of any specific phobia was 12.8%, with subtypes ranging in prevalence between 0.2% (vomiting, infections) and 5.0% (animals). There were significant differences in the mean age of onset of specific phobias. Significant differences in comorbidity patterns also emerged between subtypes. No significant differences were found in level of impairment associated with the subtypes. The findings suggest that specific phobias are common among young women and that they differ in prevalence, associated comorbidity, and mean age of onset. These data suggest significant differences in the phenomenology and clinical significance of specific phobia subtypes.
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BII phobia is associated with psychiatric disorders including other specific phobias and personality, mood, and anxiety disorders.
“It was found to be associated with psychiatric disorders including other specific phobias and personality, mood, and anxiety disorders (10, 31, 36).”
From Combined Fainting and Psychogenic Non-epileptic Seizures as Significant Therapy Hurdles in Blood-Injury-Injection Phobia: A Mini-Review and Case Report (2022) · cites this paper as [10]
Section 3.4 reports that blood-and-injury phobia is related to anxiety disorders and disorders usually occurring in childhood. Table 3 does not show a significant association with affective (mood) disorders, and the Discussion says blood phobias seem not to be related to them. The cited passages do not establish associations with personality disorders or other specific phobias. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredNearly 100% of patients attain BII phobia before the age of 18 years.
“Nearly 100% of patients attain BII phobia before the age of 18 years (10).”
From Combined Fainting and Psychogenic Non-epileptic Seizures as Significant Therapy Hurdles in Blood-Injury-Injection Phobia: A Mini-Review and Case Report (2022) · cites this paper as [10]
Table 2 reports a mean blood-phobia onset age of 7.39 years among 48 participants, and §3.3 describes blood phobia as beginning early. Neither passage establishes that nearly 100% developed blood–injury–injection phobia before age 18; the study also concerns young women in the community, not patients generally. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMedian age of BII phobia onset is 6 years.
“Median age of BII phobia onset is 6 years (10, 32).”
From Combined Fainting and Psychogenic Non-epileptic Seizures as Significant Therapy Hurdles in Blood-Injury-Injection Phobia: A Mini-Review and Case Report (2022) · cites this paper as [10]
Patient characteristics match many of the typical BII phobia demographic criteria, but severity was very high and combined with probable panic-triggered PNES.
“Second, though patient characteristics match many of the typical BII phobia demographic criteria (10, 12, 29, 32), severity was very high and combined with probable panic-triggered PNES.”
From Combined Fainting and Psychogenic Non-epileptic Seizures as Significant Therapy Hurdles in Blood-Injury-Injection Phobia: A Mini-Review and Case Report (2022) · cites this paper as [10]
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- Authors
- Becker, E. S., Rinck, M., Türke, V., Kause, P., Goodwin, R., Neumer, S., & Margraf, J.
- Affiliations
- Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
- Technische Universität Dresden (DE)
- University of Basel (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Becker, Eni S.
- Venue
- European Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2007-03
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 69-74
- ISSN
- 0924-9338 (ISSN-L)
- 1778-3585
- OpenAlex
- W2098408305
- Cited by
- 224
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 7.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- European Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- specific phobia, prevalence, age of onset, comorbidities, functional disability, young women, community sample, animal phobia
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Mental Disorders, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Germany, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Phobic Disorders, Prospective Studies, Comorbidity, Incidence
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