The Age of Onset of Anxiety Disorders: A Meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: The objective was to estimate the age of onset (AOO) for all anxiety disorders and for specific subtypes. Gender differences in the AOO of anxiety disorders were examined, as were the influence of study characteristics on reported AOOs. METHODS: Seven electronic databases were searched up to October 2014, with keywords representing anxiety disorder subtypes, AOO, and study design. The inclusion criteria were studies using a general population sample that provided data on the AOO for all anxiety disorders, or specific anxiety disorders, according to DSM-III-R, DSM-IV, or ICD-10 criteria. RESULTS: There were 1028 titles examined, which yielded 24 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Eight studies reported the AOO and gender. Meta-analysis found a mean AOO of all anxiety disorders of 21.3 years (95% CI 17.46 to 25.07). Separation anxiety disorder, specific phobia, and social phobia had their mean onset before the age of 15 years, whereas the AOO of agoraphobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, panic disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder began, on average, between 21.1 and 34.9 years. Meta-analysis revealed no difference in the AOO between genders. A prospective study design and higher developmental level of the study country were associated with an earlier AOO. CONCLUSIONS: Results from this meta-analysis indicate that anxiety disorder subtypes differ in the mean AOO, with onsets ranging from early adolescence to young adulthood. These findings suggest that prevention strategies of anxiety disorders should be directed towards factors associated with the development of anxiety disorder subtypes in the age groups with the greatest vulnerability for developing those disorders.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The anxiety and stress scores are still below the community prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder.
“the anxiety and stress scores are still below the community prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder [74].”
From Relationships between psychopathology, psychological process variables, and sociodemographic variables and comparison of quarantined and non-quarantined groups of malaysian university students in the covid-19 pandemic (2021) · cites this paper as [74]
The Limitations passage says community surveys find anxiety disorders common, while the Meta-analyses passage reports ages of onset for generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder. Neither gives community prevalence for those disorders or compares it with anxiety and stress scores (searched for subtype prevalence and symptom-score comparisons). (LLM, conf=0.75)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured75% of psychiatric disorders begin before 24 years; median age of onset for anxiety is around 11-15 years; 10% of adolescents begin to experience recurrent major depression before 17 years.
“However, 75% of psychiatric disorders begin before 24 years95.”
From Decentering as a core component in the psychological treatment and prevention of youth anxiety and depression: a narrative review and insight report (2021) · cites this paper as [96]
The Meta-analyses section reports mean ages of onset for anxiety disorders, but not the proportion of all psychiatric disorders beginning before age 24. Searches for the 75% figure and its equivalent wording found no passage in our copy that establishes the cited sentence. (LLM, conf=0.72)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
American Psychiatric Association (2013) · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 · Cited by 116,369 · see citing works
Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Merikangas, K. R., & Walters, E. E. (2005) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.593 · Cited by 20,391 · see citing works
Wan, X., Wang, W., Liu, J., & Tong, T. (2014) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/1471-2288-14-135 · Cited by 11,735 · see citing works
The United Nations Development Programme
Oestreich, J. E. (2017) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190637347.003.0003 · Cited by 4,936 · see citing works
Age of onset of mental disorders: a review of recent literature
Kessler, R. C., Amminger, G. P., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Alonso, J., Lee, S., & ??st??n, T. B. (2007) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0b013e32816ebc8c · Cited by 3,457 · see citing works
(2007) · PubMed Central · Cited by 2,521 · see citing works
McLean, C. P., Asnaani, A., Litz, B. T., & Hofmann, S. G. (2011) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2011.03.006 · Cited by 2,519 · see citing works
The global burden of mental disorders: An update from the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) surveys
Kessler, R. C., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Alonso, J., Chatterji, S., Lee, S., Ormel, J., Üstün, T. B., & Wang, P. S. (2009) · Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale · doi:10.1017/s1121189x00001421 · Cited by 1,895 · see citing works
Kendler, K. S., Prescott, C. A., Myers, J., & Neale, M. C. (2003) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.60.9.929 · Cited by 1,868 · see citing works
Beesdo, K., Knappe, S., & Pine, D. S. (2009) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2009.06.002 · Cited by 1,703 · see citing works
The economic burden of anxiety disorders in the 1990s
Greenberg, P. E., Sisitsky, T., Kessler, R. C., Finkelstein, S. N., Berndt, E. R., Davidson, J. R. T., Ballenger, J. C., & Fyer, A. J. (1999) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v60n0702 · Cited by 1,242 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Numerous community surveys have shown that anxiety disorders are the most common mental disorders worldwide.1 Anxiety disorders are debilitating and often cause impairment in social and occupational functioning.2,3 Anxiety disorders cause more disability than all other mental health disorders.4 Economic losses arising…”
BackgroundBrave men and timid women? A review of the gender differences in fear and anxiety
McLean, C. P., & Anderson, E. R. (2009) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.05.003 · Cited by 1,149 · see citing works
Cost of disorders of the brain in Europe
Andlin‐Sobocki, P., Jönsson, B., Wïttchen, H., & Olesen, J. (2005) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2005.01202.x · Cited by 1,139 · see citing works
Prevalence and incidence studies of anxiety disorders: A systematic review of the literature
Somers, J. M., Goldner, E. M., Waraich, P., & Hsu, L. (2006) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674370605100206 · Cited by 1,114 · see citing works
Quality of Life in Individuals With Anxiety Disorders
Mendlowicz, M. V., & Stein, M. B. (2000) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.157.5.669 · Cited by 955 · see citing works
Conway, K. P., Compton, W., Stinson, F. S., & Grant, B. F. (2006) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v67n0211 · Cited by 934 · see citing works
Sareen, J., Cox, B. J., Afifi, T. O., de Graaf, R., Asmundson, G. J. G., ten Have, M., & Stein, M. B. (2005) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.11.1249 · Cited by 824 · see citing works
Quality of life in the anxiety disorders: a meta-analytic review
Olatunji, B. O., Cisler, J. M., & Tolin, D. F. (2007) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2007.01.015 · Cited by 808 · see citing works
A systematic review of reviews on the prevalence of anxiety disorders in adult populations
Remes, O., Brayne, C., van der Linde, R., & Lafortune, L. (2016) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.497 · Cited by 802 · see citing works
Werner-Seidler, A., Perry, Y., Calear, A. L., Newby, J. M., & Christensen, H. (2017) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2016.10.005 · Cited by 773 · see citing works
The global burden of anxiety disorders in 2010
Baxter, A. J., Vos, T., Scott, K. M., Ferrari, A. J., & Whiteford, H. A. (2014) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291713003243 · Cited by 768 · see citing works
WITTCHEN, H.-U., STEIN, M. B., & KESSLER, R. C. (1999) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291798008174 · Cited by 745 · see citing works
Gender differences in anxiety disorders and anxiety symptoms in adolescents.
Lewinsohn, P. M., Gotlib, I. H., Lewinsohn, M., Seeley, J. R., & Allen, N. B. (1998) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.107.1.109 · Cited by 743 · see citing works
Generalized anxiety disorder: prevalence, burden, and cost to society
Wittchen, H.-U. (2002) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.10065 · Cited by 733 · see citing works
What do childhood anxiety disorders predict?
Bittner, A., Egger, H. L., Erkanli, A., Jane Costello, E., Foley, D. L., & Angold, A. (2007) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01812.x · Cited by 733 · see citing works
Cross-national comparisons of the prevalences and correlates of mental disorders.
Andrade, L. H., Caraveo-Anduaga, J. J., Berglund, P. A., Bijl, R. C., Kessler, R. C., Demler, O., Walters, E. E., Kylyc, C., Offord, D. R., Üstün, T. B., et al. (2000) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 648 · see citing works
Swendsen, J. D., Conway, K. P., Degenhardt, L. J., Glantz, M. D., Jin, R., Merikangas, K. R., Sampson, N. A., & Kessler, R. C. (2010) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.02902.x · Cited by 599 · see citing works
Gender differences in anxiety disorders and anxiety symptoms in adolescents.
Lewinsohn, P. M., Gotlib, I. H., Lewinsohn, M., et al. (1998) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.107.1.109 · Cited by 581 · see citing works
Li, S. H., & Graham, B. M. (2017) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(16)30358-3 · Cited by 579 · see citing works
Sex and gender differences in mental disorders
Riecher-Rössler, A. (2017) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(16)30348-0 · Cited by 560 · see citing works
de Girolamo, G., Dagani, J., Purcell, R., Cocchi, A., & McGorry, P. D. (2012) · Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences · doi:10.1017/s2045796011000746 · Cited by 544 · see citing works
The Structure of Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors for Anxiety Disorders in Men and Women
Hettema, J. M., Prescott, C. A., Myers, J., Neale, M. C., & Kendler, K. S. (2005) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.2.182 · Cited by 541 · see citing works
Prevention and Early Intervention of Anxiety Disorders in Inhibited Preschool Children.
Rapee, R. M., Kennedy, S., Ingram, M., Edwards, S., & Sweeney, L. (2005) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.73.3.488 · Cited by 515 · see citing works
Kendall, P. C., Safford, S., Flannery-Schroeder, E., & Webb, A. (2004) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.72.2.276 · Cited by 511 · see citing works
Stigma towards people with mental illness in developing countries in Asia
Lauber, C., & Wulf Rössler, A. (2007) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540260701278903 · Cited by 510 · see citing works
McGorry, P. D., Purcell, R., Goldstone, S., & Amminger, G. P. (2011) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0b013e3283477a09 · Cited by 490 · see citing works
Prevention and early intervention for anxiety disorders: A controlled trial.
Dadds, M. R., Spence, S. H., Holland, D. E., Barrett, P. M., & Laurens, K. R. (1997) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.65.4.627 · Cited by 481 · see citing works
Violence against women and mental health
Oram, S., Khalifeh, H., & Howard, L. M. (2017) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(16)30261-9 · Cited by 474 · see citing works
Anxiety disorders in adolescents and psychosocial outcomes at age 30
Essau, C. A., Lewinsohn, P. M., Olaya, B., & Seeley, J. R. (2014) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.12.033 · Cited by 384 · see citing works
Barrett, P. M., Farrell, L. J., Ollendick, T. H., & Dadds, M. R. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp3503_5 · Cited by 340 · see citing works
Prevalence of DSM-IV psychiatric disorder in the French elderly population
Ritchie, K. A., Artéro, S., Beluche, I., Ancelin, M., MANN, A. H., Dupuy, A., Malafosse, A., & Boulenger, J.-P. (2004) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.184.2.147 · Cited by 334 · see citing works
Andrade, L. H., Berglund, P. A., Bijl, R. C., Walters, E. E., Offord, D. R., & Üstün, T. B. (2000) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorders in South Africa
Stein, D. J., Seedat, S., HERMAN, A. A. B., Moomal, H., Heeringa, S. G., Kessler, R. C., & Williams, D. R. (2008) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.106.029280 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Obsessive-compulsive severity spectrum in the community: prevalence, comorbidity, and course
Angst, J., Gamma, A., Endrass, J., Goodwin, R. D., Ajdacic‐Gross, V., Eich, D., & Wulf Rössler, A. (2004) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-004-0459-4 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Social and academic functioning in adolescents with anxiety disorders: A systematic review
de Lijster, J. M., Dieleman, G. C., Utens, E. M. W. J., Dierckx, B., Wierenga, M., Verhulst, F. C., & Legerstee, J. S. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.01.008 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Self-citationWhat Characteristics of Primary Anxiety Disorders Predict Subsequent Major Depressive Disorder?
Bittner, A., Goodwin, R. D., Wittchen, H.-U., Beesdo, K., Höfler, M., & Lieb, R. (2004) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v65n0505 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Recall of Psychiatric History in Cross-sectional Surveys: Implications for Epidemiologic Research
Simon, G. E., & VonKorff, M. (1995) · Epidemiologic Reviews · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036180 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Zbozinek, T. D., Rose, R. D., Wolitzky-Taylor, K. B., Sherbourne, C. D., Sullivan, G., Stein, M. B., Roy‐Byrne, P., & Craske, M. G. (2012) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22026 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Functional Impact and Health Utility of Anxiety Disorders in Primary Care Outpatients
Stein, M. B., Roy‐Byrne, P., Craske, M. G., Bystritsky, A., Sullivan, G., Pyne, J. M., Katon, W. J., & Sherbourne, C. D. (2005) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/01.mlr.0000185750.18119.fd · Cited by 235 · see citing works
de Jonge, P., Roest, A. M., Lim, C. C. W., Florescu, S. E., Bromet, E. J., Stein, D. J., Harris, M., Nakov, V., Caldas-de-Almeida, J. M., Levinson, D., et al. (2016) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22572 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Epidemiology of specific phobia subtypes: findings from the Dresden Mental Health Study
Becker, E. S., Rinck, M., Türke, V., Kause, P., Goodwin, R., Neumer, S., & Margraf, J. (2007) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2006.09.006 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Wittchen, H.-U. (1989) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1989.01810050051009 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
A critical review of the empirical literature on the relation between anxiety and puberty
Reardon, L. E., Leen-Feldner, E. W., & Hayward, C. (2009) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2008.09.005 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Weindling, P. J. (1992) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700032657 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Ages of Onset of Psychiatric Disorders in a Community Population of Older Adolescents
Giaconia, R. M., Reinherz, H. Z., Silverman, A. B., Pakiz, B., Frost, A. K., & Cohen, E. (1994) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199406000-00012 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Age of onset in obsessive–compulsive disorder: admixture analysis with a large sample
Anholt, G. E., Aderka, I. M., van Balkom, A. J. L. M., Smit, J. H., Schruers, K. R. J., van der Wee, N. J. A., Eikelenboom, M., Luca, V. D., & van Oppen, P. (2013) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291713000470 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Remission from post-traumatic stress disorder in the general population
Chapman, C., Mills, K. L., Slade, T. N., McFARLANE, A. C., Bryant, R. A., Creamer, M., Silove, D. M., & Teesson, M. (2011) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291711002856 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
The prevalence and correlates of DSM-IV disorders in the Iraq Mental Health Survey (IMHS).
Al-Hasnawi, S. M., Sadik, S., Rasheed, M., Baban, A., Al-Alak, M. M., Othman, A. Y., Othman, Y., Taib, N. I., Shawani, O., Murthy, S., et al. (2009) · PubMed Central · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Viana, M. C., & Andrade, L. H. (2012) · Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.rbp.2012.03.001 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Falk, D. E., Yi, H., & Hilton, M. E. (2008) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.11.022 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Lifetime prevalence and inter-cohort variation in DSM-IV disorders in metropolitan China
Lee, S., Tsang, A., Zhang, M., Huang, Y., He, Y., Liu, Z., Shen, Y., & Kessler, R. C. (2006) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291706008993 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Considering comorbidity in social phobia
Chartier, M., Walker, J. R., & Stein, M. B. (2003) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-003-0720-6 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
The Neurobiology of Anxiety Disorders: Brain Imaging, Genetics, and Psychoneuroendocrinology
Martin, E. I., Ressler, K. J., Binder, E. B., & Nemeroff, C. (2009) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2009.05.004 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Gorwood, P. (2004) · European psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2003.10.002 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Wolk, C. B., Harrison, J. P., Settipani, C. A., Brodman, D. M., & Kendall, P. C. (2013) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0033048 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Knappe, S., Beesdo-Baum, K., Fehm, L., Stein, M. B., Lieb, R., & Wittchen, H.-U. (2011) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.05.002 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Gau, S. S. F., Chong, M.-Y., Yang, P., Yen, C.-F., Liang, K.-Y., & Cheng, A. T. A. (2007) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.106.022871 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Generalized anxiety disorder with early and late onset of anxiety symptoms
Hoehn‐Saric, R., Hazlett, R. L., & McLeod, D. R. (1993) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0010-440x(93)90013-t · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Saavedra, L. M., Silverman, W. K., Morgan‐López, A. A., & Kurtines, W. M. (2010) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02242.x · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Ramsawh, H. J., Weisberg, R. B., DYCK, I. R., Stout, R. L., & Keller, M. B. (2011) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.01.006 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Community-Based Prevention Programs for Anxiety and Depression in Youth: A Systematic Review
Christensen, H., Pallister, E., Smale, S., Hickie, I. B., & Calear, A. L. (2010) · The Journal of Primary Prevention · doi:10.1007/s10935-010-0214-8 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Examining determinants of early and late age at onset in panic disorder: An admixture analysis
Tibi, L., van Oppen, P., Aderka, I. M., van Balkom, A. J. L. M., Batelaan, N. M., Spinhoven, P., Penninx, B. W. J. H., & Anholt, G. E. (2013) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.09.001 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Zhang, X., Norton, J. L., Carrière, I., Ritchie, K. A., Chaudieu, I., & Ancelin, M. (2015) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2015.31 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Age of onset of life-time mental disorders and treatment contact
Vaingankar, J. A., Rekhi, G., Subramaniam, M., Abdin, E., & Chong, S. A. (2012) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-012-0601-y · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Gonçalves, D. C., Pachana, N. A., & Byrne, G. J. (2011) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.02.023 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Agoraphobia in adults: Incidence and longitudinal relationship with panic
Bienvenu, O. J., Onyike, C. U., Stein, M. B., Chen, L.-S., SAMUELS, J. F., Nestadt, G., & Eaton, W. W. (2006) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.105.010827 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
The Relation Between Cognitive Development and Anxiety Phenomena in Children
Broeren, S., & Muris, P. (2009) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-009-9276-8 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Levinson, D., Zilber, N., Lerner, Y., Grinshpoon, A., & Levav, I. (2007) · PubMed · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Marquenie, L. A., Schadé, A., van Balkom, A. J. L. M., Comijs, H. C., de Graaf, R., Vollebergh, W., van Dyck, R., & van den Brink, W. (2006) · European Addiction Research · doi:10.1159/000095814 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Muris, P., Merckelbach, H. L. G. J., & Luijten, M. (2002) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(00)00115-7 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Hyland, P., Shevlin, M. E., Elklit, A., CHRISTOFFERSEN, M. N., & Murphy, J. (2016) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-016-1171-1 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
SOONER OR LATER: AGE AT ONSET OF GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER IN OLDER ADULTS
Gonçalves, D. C., & Byrne, G. J. (2011) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20881 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
The relevance of age of onset to the psychopathology of social phobia
Rosellini, A. J., Rutter, L. A., Bourgeois, M. L., Emmert-Aronson, B. O., & Brown, T. A. (2013) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-013-9338-5 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Albert, U., Manchia, M., Tortorella, A. A. V., Volpe, U., Rosso, G., Carpiniello, B., & Maina, G. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.07.045 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Admixture analysis of age of onset in generalized anxiety disorder
Rhebergen, D., Aderka, I. M., van der Steenstraten, I. M., van Balkom, A. J. L. M., van Oppen, P., Stek, M. L., Comijs, H. C., & Batelaan, N. M. (2017) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2017.05.003 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Anxiety disorders and drug dependence: Evidence on sequence and specificity among adults
Goodwin, R. D., & Stein, D. J. (2013) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/pcn.12030 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Treatment of anxiety disorders in the Finnish general population
Sihvo, S., Hämäläinen, J., Kiviruusu, O. H., Pirkola, S. P., & Isometsä, E. T. (2006) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2006.05.009 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Lifetime risk and age-of-onset of mental disorders in the Belgian general population
Bonnewyn, A., Bruffaerts, R., Vilagut, G., Almansa, J., & Demyttenaere, K. (2007) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-007-0191-2 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
The epidemiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder in Mexico City
Caraveo-Anduaga, J. J., & Bermúdez, E. C. (2004) · Salud Mental · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Cho, M. J., Chang, S. M., Hahm, B., Chung, I., Bae, A., Lee, Y. M., Ahn, J. H., Won, S., Son, J.-W., Hong, J. P., et al. (2011) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-011-0381-9 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Baxter, A. J., Ferrari, A. J., Erskine, H. E., Charlson, F., Degenhardt, L. J., & Whiteford, H. (2014) · Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences · doi:10.1017/s2045796014000237 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Steinhausen, H.-C., Jakobsen, H., Meyer, A., Jørgensen, P. M., & Lieb, R. (2016) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0146591 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
An admixture analysis of age of onset in agoraphobia
Tibi, L., van Oppen, P., Aderka, I. M., van Balkom, A. J. L. M., Batelaan, N. M., Spinhoven, P., Penninx, B. W. J. H., & Anholt, G. E. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.03.064 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Predictors of treatment utilization among adolescents with social anxiety disorder
Zarger, M. M., & Rich, B. A. (2016) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.11.011 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Clinical differences between early‐ and late‐onset social anxiety disorders
Lim, S., Ha, J., Shin, Y. C., Shin, D., Bae, S., & Oh, K. (2012) · Early Intervention in Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1751-7893.2012.00341.x · Cited by 14 · see citing works
(2008) · African Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Social Phobia Is Associated with Delayed Onset of Chickenpox, Measles, and Mumps Infections
Ajdacic‐Gross, V., Aleksandrowicz, A., Rodgers, S., Müller, M., Kawohl, W., Wulf Rössler, A., Castelao, E., Vandeleur, C. L., von Känel, R., Mütsch, M., et al. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00203 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
P.4.b.001 Specificity of family risk-factors for the onset and course of social phobia
Knappe, S., Beesdo‐Baum, K., Lieb, R., et al. (2011) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0924-977x(11)70866-5 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [18]18. clinical features and vulnerability factors. J Psychiatr Res. 2011;45(1):111-120.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Rapee, R. M., Oar, E. L., Johnco, C. J., Forbes, M. K., Fardouly, J., Magson, N. R., & Richardson, C. E. (2019) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2019.103501 · Cited by 533 · see citing works
Social and academic functioning in adolescents with anxiety disorders: A systematic review
de Lijster, J. M., Dieleman, G. C., Utens, E. M. W. J., Dierckx, B., Wierenga, M., Verhulst, F. C., & Legerstee, J. S. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.01.008 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Self-citationBandelow, B., Allgulander, C., Baldwin, D. S., Costa, D. L. D. C., Denys, D., Dilbaz, N., Domschke, K., Eriksson, E., Fineberg, N. A., Hättenschwiler, J., et al. (2023) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/15622975.2022.2086295 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Bennett, M. P., Knight, R., Patel, S., So, T., Dunning, D., Barnhofer, T., Smith, P., Kuyken, W., Ford, T., & Dalgleish, T. (2021) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-021-01397-5 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Gordon, B. R., McDowell, C. P., Lyons, M., & Herring, M. P. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.05.043 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Hattangadi, N., Vogel, E., Carroll, L., & Côté, P. (2021) · Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition · doi:10.1080/19320248.2019.1658679 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Multimodal evidence for delayed threat extinction learning in adolescence and young adulthood
Morriss, J., Christakou, A., & van Reekum, C. M. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-44150-1 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Bolinski, F., Kleiboer, A., Neijenhuijs, K., Karyotaki, E., Wiers, R., de Koning, L., Jacobi, C., Zarski, A.-C., Weisel, K. K., Cuijpers, P., et al. (2022) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/40892 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Pang, N. T. P., James, S., Giloi, N., Rahim, S. S. S. A., Omar, A., Jeffree, M. S., Hayati, F., Lim, M. C., Kassim, M. A. M., & Ng, J. R. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18189656 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“However, the anxiety and stress scores are still below the community prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder [74].”
BackgroundPrior, K., Salemink, E., Wiers, R. W., Teachman, B. A., Piggott, M., Newton, N. C., Teesson, M., Baillie, A. J., Campbell, S., & Stapinski, L. A. (2020) · Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.14452 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Stefaniak, I., Hanusz, K., Mierzejewski, P., Bieńkowski, P., Parnowski, T., & Murawiec, S. (2022) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci12091236 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Hampsey, E., Perkins, A., & Young, A. H. (2023) · Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs · doi:10.1080/13543784.2023.2192922 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“GAD is more commonly diagnosed in women at a ratio of 3:2 [16], with a mean age at onset of 21 [17].”
BackgroundYıldırım, J. C., & Bahtiyar, B. (2022) · The Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00223980.2022.2107977 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
- Authors
- Lijster, J. M. D., Dierckx, B., Utens, E. M. W. J., Verhulst, F. C., Zieldorff, C., Dieleman, G. C., & Legerstee, J. S.
- Affiliations
- Erasmus MC - Sophia Children’s Hospital (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Legerstee, Jeroen S.
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2016-03-24
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 237-246
- ISSN
- 0706-7437 (ISSN-L)
- 1497-0015
- PMC
- PMC5407545
- OpenAlex
- W2329475114
- Cited by
- 426
- References
- 98
- Citations by year
- 2026: 41 · 2025: 59 · 2024: 61 · 2023: 61 · 2022: 49 · 2021: 60 · 2020: 48 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 22.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
- RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Keywords
- anxiety disorders, age of onset, gender differences, separation anxiety disorder, specific phobia, social anxiety disorder, agoraphobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, anxiety prevention
- MeSH terms
- Anxiety Disorders, Humans, Age of Onset
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
