Examining the link between program implementation and behavior outcomes in the lifestyle education for activity program (LEAP)

Saunders, Ruth P.; Ward, Dianne; Felton, Gwen M.; Dowda, Marsha; Pate, Russell R.

doi:10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2006.08.006

Cited by 112Health Policy Implementation ScienceSchool Health and Nursing EducationPhysical Activity and Health

Examining the link between program implementation and behavior outcomes in the lifestyle education for activity program (LEAP)

Saunders, Ruth P., Ward, Dianne, Felton, Gwen M., Dowda, Marsha, Pate, Russell R.·2006·Evaluation and Program Planning

DOI 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2006.08.006

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Lifestyle Education for Activity Program (LEAP) was a comprehensive, school-based intervention designed to promote physical activity in high school girls. The intervention focused on changes in instructional practices and the school environment to affect personal, social, and environmental factors related to physical activity. Multiple process evaluation tools and an organizational assessment tool were developed to monitor program implementation from a framework called the LEAP essential elements, which characterized complete and acceptable intervention delivery; secular trends were also monitored. Using process data, LEAP intervention schools were categorized into low- and high-implementing groups and compared with control schools on nine essential elements assessed at the organizational level. The Wilcoxon scores test revealed that low- and high-implementing intervention, and control schools differed significantly on two of nine administrator-reported organizational-level components: having a physical activity team and having a faculty-staff health promotion program. A mixed-model analysis of covariance indicated that, compared to control schools, a greater percentage of girls in high-implementing schools reported engaging in vigorous physical activity. Process evaluation can be used to understand the relationship between level of implementation and successful program outcome.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2006.08.006

Cites

39 of 39 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Among studies reporting other continuous implementation outcomes (e.g., quantity of physical activity lessons), findings were mixed.
“Among studies reporting other continuous implementation outcomes (e.g., quantity of physical activity lessons), findings were mixed [43, 44, 46, 48, 49, 59, 64, 66].”
From Improving implementation of school-based healthy eating and physical activity policies, practices, and programs: a systematic review (2021) · cites this paper as [66]

Untitled work
(2002) · Cited by 13,211 · see citing works
Compendium of physical activities: an update of activity codes and MET intensities
AINSWORTH, B. E., HASKELL, W. L., WHITT, M. C., IRWIN, M. L., SWARTZ, A. M., STRATH, S. J., O???BRIEN, W. L., BASSETT, D. R., SCHMITZ, K. H., EMPLAINCOURT, P. O., et al. (2000) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-200009001-00009 · Cited by 8,497 · see citing works
Translating Social Ecological Theory into Guidelines for Community Health Promotion
Stokols, D. (1996) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.4278/0890-1171-10.4.282 · Cited by 2,763 · see citing works
A review of research on fidelity of implementation: implications for drug abuse prevention in school settings
Dusenbury, L. (2003) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/18.2.237 · Cited by 1,671 · see citing works
Untitled work
(1999) · Cited by 1,648 · see citing works
Physical Activity Assessment in Children and Adolescents
Sirard, J. R., & Pate, R. R. (2001) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/00007256-200131060-00004 · Cited by 1,050 · see citing works
Self-citation
Outcomes of a Field Trial to Improve Children's Dietary Patterns and Physical Activity: The Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health (CATCH)
Luepker, R. V. (1996) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1996.03530340032026 · Cited by 1,023 · see citing works
Process evaluation for public health interventions and research
Steckler, A., Linnan, L. A., & Israel, B. A. (2002) · Cited by 864 · see citing works
Process Evaluation for Public Health Interventions and Research
White, W. L. (2003) · Evaluation and Program Planning · doi:10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2003.09.006 · Cited by 645 · see citing works
Assessment of Physical Activity among Children and Adolescents: A Review and Synthesis
Kohl, H. W., Fulton, J. E., & Caspersen, C. J. (2000) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1006/pmed.1999.0542 · Cited by 484 · see citing works
Using the School Environment to Promote Physical Activity and Healthy Eating
Wechsler, H., Devereaux, R. S., Davis, M. K., & Collins, J. L. (2000) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1006/pmed.2000.0649 · Cited by 459 · see citing works
Book Review
Green, L. W., Kreuter, M. W., & Lefebvre, R. C. (2000) · Social Marketing Quarterly · doi:10.1080/15245004.2000.9961104 · Cited by 429 · see citing works
The Comprehensive School Health Program: Exploring an Expanded Concept
Allensworth, D. D., & Kolbe, L. J. (1987) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.1987.tb03183.x · Cited by 399 · see citing works
Intervention mapping : designing theory- and evidence-based health promotion programs
Kok, G. J., & Parcel, G. S. (2000) · Cited by 396 · see citing works
Validation of an instrument for measurement of physical activity in youth
Weston, A., Petosa, R., & Pate, R. R. (1997) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-199701000-00020 · Cited by 388 · see citing works
Self-citation
School Physical Education: Effect of the Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health
McKenzie, T. L., Nader, P. R., Strikmiller, P. K., Yang, M., Stone, E. J., Perry, C. L., Taylor, W. C., Epping, J. N., Feldman, H. A., Luepker, R. V., et al. (1996) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1006/pmed.1996.0074 · Cited by 360 · see citing works
Promotion of Physical Activity Among High-School Girls: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Pate, R. R., Ward, D. S., Saunders, R. P., Felton, G., Dishman, R. K., & Dowda, M. C. (2005) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2004.045807 · Cited by 356 · see citing works
Self-citation
Process Evaluations of the 5-a-Day Projects
Baranowski, T., & Stables, G. (2000) · Health Education & Behavior · doi:10.1177/109019810002700202 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
INTERVENTION MAPPING: DESIGNING THEORY AND EVIDENCE-BASED HEALTH PROMOTION PROGRAMS
Bartholomew, L. K. (2001) · Cited by 312 · see citing works
Opening the Black Box: Using Process Evaluation Measures to Assess Implementation and Theory Building
Harachi, T. W., Abbott, R. D., Catalano, R. F., Haggerty, K. P., & Fleming, C. B. (1999) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1023/a:1022194005511 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
The program logic model as an integrative framework for a multimethod evaluation
Cooksy, L. J., Gill, P., & Kelly, P. A. (2001) · Evaluation and Program Planning · doi:10.1016/s0149-7189(01)00003-9 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Validation of a 3-Day Physical Activity Recall Instrument in Female Youth
Pate, R. R., Ross, R., Dowda, M. C., Trost, S. G., & Sirard, J. R. (2003) · Pediatric Exercise Science · doi:10.1123/pes.15.3.257 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Self-citation
Evaluation of Health Education Programs: Current Assessment and Future Directions
Israel, B. A., Cummings, K. M., Dignan, M., Heaney, C. A., Perales, D. P., Simons‐Morton, B. G., & Zimmerman, M. A. (1995) · Health Education Quarterly · doi:10.1177/109019819402200308 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Evaluation of health promotion, health education, and disease prevention programs
Windsor, R., Clark, N. A., Boyd, N., & Goodman, R. (2004) · Mayfield Pub. Co. eBooks · Cited by 152 · see citing works
How best to measure implementation of school health curricula: a comparison of three measures
Resnicow, K., Davis, M. T., Smith, M. J., Lazarus-Yaroch, A., Baranowski, T., Baranowski, J. C., Doyle, C., & Wang, D. T. (1998) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/13.2.239 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Design of Process Evaluation within the Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health (CATCH)
McGraw, S. A., Stone, E. J., Osganian, S. K., Elder, J. P., Perry, C. L., Johnson, C., Parcel, G. S., Webber, L. S., & Luepker, R. V. (1994) · Health Education Quarterly · doi:10.1177/10901981940210s103 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Program Provider and Observer Ratings of School-Based Preventive Intervention Implementation: Agreement and Relation to Youth Outcomes
Lillehoj, C. J., Griffin, K. W., & Spoth, R. L. (2004) · Health Education & Behavior · doi:10.1177/1090198103260514 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Validity of the Previous Day Physical Activity Recall (PDPAR) in Fifth-Grade Children
Trost, S. G., Ward, D. S., McGraw, B., & Pate, R. R. (1999) · Pediatric Exercise Science · doi:10.1123/pes.11.4.341 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Self-citation
Implementation of a school environment intervention to increase physical activity in high school girls
Ward, D. S., Saunders, R. P., Felton, G., Williams, E., Epping, J. N., & Pate, R. R. (2006) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/cyl134 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Self-citation
Measuring Implementation of School Programs and Policies to Promote Healthy Eating and Physical Activity among Youth
McGraw, S. A., Sellers, D. E., Stone, E., Resnicow, K., Kuester, S., Fridinger, F., & Wechsler, H. (2000) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1006/pmed.2000.0648 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Evaluation of Health Promotion, Health Education and Disease Prevention Programs.
WindsorBaranowskiClarkCutter. (1994) · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Using Process Data To Explain Outcomes
McGraw, S. A., Sellers, D. E., Johnson, C., Stone, E. J., Bachman, K. J., Bebchuk, J. D., Luepker, R. V., & Edmundson, E. W. (1996) · Evaluation Review · doi:10.1177/0193841x9602000304 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Improving process evaluations of correctional programs by using a comprehensive evaluation methodology
Bouffard, J. A., Taxman, F. S., & Silverman, R. D. (2003) · Evaluation and Program Planning · doi:10.1016/s0149-7189(03)00010-7 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Factorial Validity and Invariance of a Self-Report Measure of Physical Activity among Adolescent Girls
Motl, R. W., Dishman, R. K., Dowda, M. C., & Pate, R. R. (2004) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2004.10609159 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Self-citation
Measuring the implementation of health promotion programs: the case of the Breast and Cervical Cancer Program in Maryland
Scheirer, M. A., Shediac, M. C., & Cassady, C. E. (1995) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/10.1.11 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
The Role of Process Evaluation in the Training of Facilitators for an Adolescent Health Education Program
Helitzer, D., Yoon, S., Wallerstein, N. B., & y Garcia‐Velarde, L. D. (2000) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.2000.tb06460.x · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Thinking Through Evaluation Design Options
Devaney, B., & Rossi, P. H. (1997) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/s0190-7409(97)00047-9 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Designing a process evaluation for a comprehensive breast cancer screening intervention: Challenges and opportunities
Viadro, C. I., Earp, J. A., & Altpeter, M. (1997) · Evaluation and Program Planning · doi:10.1016/s0149-7189(97)00001-3 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
REPRODUCIBILITY AND VALIDITY OF THE 3 DPAR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY QUESTIONNAIRE IN A SAMPLE OF BRAZILIAN ADOLESCENTS
Goulart, E. A., Maria, P., De, F. L., Pires, M. C., de Barros, M. V. G., Duatce, M. D. F. D. S., & Nanas, M. V. (2001) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-200105001-00816 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

1 of the 40 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Sorted by citations

Implementation matters: A review of research on the influence of implementation on program outcomes and the factors affecting implementation
Durlak, J. A., & DuPre, E. P. (2008) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10464-008-9165-0 · Cited by 5,304 · see citing works
School-based physical activity programs for promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents aged 6 to 18
Dobbins, M., Husson, H., DeCorby, K., & LaRocca, R. L. (2013) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd007651.pub2 · Cited by 1,358 · see citing works
The Quality Implementation Framework: A Synthesis of Critical Steps in the Implementation Process
Meyers, D. C., Durlak, J. A., & Wandersman, A. (2012) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10464-012-9522-x · Cited by 1,102 · see citing works
The WHO Health Promoting School framework for improving the health and well-being of students and their academic achievement
Langford, R., Bonell, C. P., Jones, H. E., Pouliou, T., Murphy, S. M., Waters, E., Komro, K. A., Gibbs, L. F., Magnus, D., & Campbell, R. (2014) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd008958.pub2 · Cited by 768 · see citing works
Implementation of school based physical activity interventions: A systematic review
Naylor, P.-J., Nettlefold, L., Race, D., Hoy, C., Ashe, M. C., Wharf Higgins, J., & McKay, H. A. (2015) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.12.034 · Cited by 550 · see citing works
Healthier Students Are Better Learners: A Missing Link in School Reforms to Close the Achievement Gap
Basch, C. E. (2011) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.2011.00632.x · Cited by 521 · see citing works
School-based physical activity programs for promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents aged 6 to 18
Neil‐Sztramko, S., Caldwell, H. A. T., & Dobbins, M. (2021) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd007651.pub3 · Cited by 494 · see citing works
Interventions to promote physical activity among young and adolescent girls: a systematic review
Camacho-Minano, M. J., LaVoi, N. M., & Barr-Anderson, D. J. (2011) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/cyr040 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Fidelity of delivery of a physical activity intervention: Predictors and consequences
Hardeman, W., Michie, S., Fanshawe, T., Prevost, A. T., Mcloughlin, K., & Kinmonth, A. L. (2008) · Psychology & Health · doi:10.1080/08870440701615948 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Strategies for enhancing the implementation of school-based policies or practices targeting risk factors for chronic disease
Wolfenden, L., Nathan, N., Sutherland, R., Yoong, S. L., Hodder, R. K., Wyse, R., Delaney, T. M., Grady, A., Fielding, A., Tzelepis, F., et al. (2017) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd011677.pub2 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Strategies to improve the implementation of workplace-based policies or practices targeting tobacco, alcohol, diet, physical activity and obesity
Wolfenden, L., Goldman, S., Stacey, F. G., Grady, A., Kingsland, M., Williams, C. M., Wiggers, J. H., Milat, A., Rissel, C. E., Bauman, A. E., et al. (2018) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012439.pub2 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Practical Implementation Science: Developing and Piloting the Quality Implementation Tool
Meyers, D. C., Katz, J., Chien, V. H., Wandersman, A., Scaccia, J., & Wright, A. (2012) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10464-012-9521-y · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Understanding the Contexts of Adolescent Female Participation in Sport and Physical Activity
Eime, R., Harvey, J. T., Sawyer, N. A., Craike, M. J., Symons, C. M., Polman, R. C. J., & Payne, W. R. (2013) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2013.784846 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Results of the “Active by Choice Today” (ACT) randomized trial for increasing physical activity in low-income and minority adolescents.
Wilson, D. K., Van Horn, M. L., Kitzman-Ulrich, H., Saunders, R., Pate, R., Lawman, H. G., Hutto, B., Griffin, S., Zarrett, N., Addy, C. L., et al. (2011) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0023390 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Self-citation
Implementation of a school environment intervention to increase physical activity in high school girls
Ward, D. S., Saunders, R. P., Felton, G., Williams, E., Epping, J. N., & Pate, R. R. (2006) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/cyl134 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Self-citation
Action Schools! BC implementation: from efficacy to effectiveness to scale-up
McKay, H. A., MACDONALD, H. M., Nettlefold, L., Mâsse, L. C., Day, M., & Naylor, P. (2014) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2013-093361 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Using process evaluation for program improvement in dose, fidelity and reach: the ACT trial experience
Wilson, D. K., Griffin, S. F., Saunders, R. P., Kitzman, H. E., Meyers, D. C., & Mansard, L. (2009) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-6-79 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Self-citation
Summary of the American Heart Association Scientific Statement: Promoting Physical Activity in Children and Youth
Pate, R. R., & O’Neill, J. R. (2008) · The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing · doi:10.1097/01.jcn.0000305056.96247.bb · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Self-citation
Measuring implementation fidelity of school-based obesity prevention programmes: a systematic review
Schaap, R., Bessems, K. M. H. H., Otten, R. H. J., Kremers, S., & van Nassau, F. (2018) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-018-0709-x · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Physical Activity Implementation in Schools
Mâsse, L. C., McKay, H. A., Valente, M., Brant, R., & Naylor, P. (2012) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2012.06.010 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Physical Activity and the Achievement Gap Among Urban Minority Youth
Basch, C. E. (2011) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.2011.00637.x · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Improving implementation of school-based healthy eating and physical activity policies, practices, and programs: a systematic review
Barnes, C., McCrabb, S., Stacey, F., Nathan, N., Yoong, S. L., Grady, A., Sutherland, R., Hodder, R., Innes-Hughes, C., Davies, M., et al. (2021) · Translational Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/tbm/ibab037 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Long-Term Effects of a Physical Activity Intervention in High School Girls
Pate, R. R., Saunders, R. P., Dishman, R. K., Addy, C. L., Dowda, M. C., & Ward, D. S. (2007) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2007.06.005 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-citation
Process evaluation of an environmental and educational nutrition intervention in residential drug-treatment facilities
Cowan, J. A., & Devine, C. M. (2012) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980012000572 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Translating Policies Into Practice
Beets, M. W., Webster, C. A., Saunders, R. P., & Huberty, J. (2012) · Health Promotion Practice · doi:10.1177/1524839912446320 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citation
An overview of “The Active by Choice Today” (ACT) trial for increasing physical activity
Wilson, D. K., Kitzman, H. E., Williams, J. E., Saunders, R. P., Griffin, S. F., Pate, R. R., Horn, M. L. V., Evans, A., Hutto, B., Addy, C. L., et al. (2007) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2007.07.001 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Self-citation
An RCT to facilitate implementation of school practices known to increase physical activity
Sutherland, R. L., Nathan, N. K., Lubans, D. R., Cohen, K., Davies, L. J., Desmet, C., Cohen, J., McCarthy, N. J., Butler, P., Wiggers, J., et al. (2017) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2017.08.009 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Program integrity and effectiveness of a cognitive behavioral intervention for incarcerated youth on cognitive distortions, social skills, and moral development
Helmond, P., Overbeek, G. J., & Brugman, D. (2012) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2012.05.001 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Process evaluation results from the HEALTHY physical education intervention
Hall, W. J., Zeveloff, A., Steckler, A., Schneider, M. L., Thompson, D. I., Pham, T., Volpe, S. L., Hindes, K., Sleigh, A. E., McMurray, R. G., et al. (2011) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/cyr107 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
An overview of the Families Improving Together (FIT) for weight loss randomized controlled trial in African American families
Wilson, D. K., Kitzman, H. E., Resnicow, K., Horn, M. L. V., George, S. M. S., Siceloff, E. R., Alia, K. A., McDaniel, T. C., Heatley, V., Huffman, L. E., et al. (2015) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2015.03.009 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Compensation or Displacement of Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review of Empirical Studies
Beck, F., Engel, F. A., & Reimers, A. K. (2022) · Children · doi:10.3390/children9030351 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Strategies for enhancing the implementation of school-based policies or practices targeting diet, physical activity, obesity, tobacco or alcohol use
Wolfenden, L., McCrabb, S., Barnes, C., O’Brien, K. M., Ng, K., Nathan, N., Sutherland, R., Hodder, R. K., Tzelepis, F., Nolan, E., et al. (2022) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd011677.pub3 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Linking implementation process to intervention outcomes in a middle school obesity prevention curriculum, 'Choice, Control and Change'
Gray, H. L., Contento, I. R., & Koch, P. A. (2015) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/cyv005 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Process evaluation methods, implementation fidelity results and relationship to physical activity and healthy eating in the Faith, Activity, and Nutrition (FAN) study
Saunders, R. P., Wilcox, S., Baruth, M., & Dowda, M. C. (2013) · Evaluation and Program Planning · doi:10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2013.11.003 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citation
Evaluating the Implementation Quality of a Social and Emotional Learning Program: A Mixed Methods Approach
Dowling, K., & Barry, M. M. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17093249 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Study of Health and Activity in Preschool Environments (SHAPES): Study protocol for a randomized trial evaluating a multi-component physical activity intervention in preschool children
Pfeiffer, K. A., Saunders, R. P., Brown, W. H., Dowda, M. C., Addy, C. L., & Pate, R. R. (2013) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-728 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citation
Development of an innovative process evaluation approach for the Families Improving Together (FIT) for weight loss trial in African American adolescents
Alia, K. A., Wilson, D. K., McDaniel, T. C., George, S. M. S., Kitzman, H. E., Smith, K. E., Heatley, V., & Wise, C. E. (2014) · Evaluation and Program Planning · doi:10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2014.12.020 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Outcomes of the Y-PATH Randomized Controlled Trial: Can a School-Based Intervention Improve Fundamental Movement Skill Proficiency in Adolescent Youth?
McGrane, B., Belton, S., Fairclough, S. J., Powell, D., & Issartel, J. (2017) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2016-0474 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
School factors as barriers to and facilitators of a preventive intervention for pediatric type 2 diabetes
the HEALTHY Study Group, Hall, W. J., Schneider, M. L., Thompson, D., Volpe, S. L., Steckler, A., Hall, J. M., & Fisher, M. (2013) · Translational Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s13142-013-0226-z · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Effect and process evaluation of a kindergarten-based, family-involved cluster randomised controlled trial in six European countries on four- to six-year-old children’s steps per day: the ToyBox-study
on behalf of the ToyBox-study group, Craemer, M. D., Verloigne, M., Bourdeaudhuij, I. D., Androutsos, O., Iotova, V., Moreno, L. A., Koletzko, B. V., Socha, P., Μanios, Y., et al. (2017) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-017-0574-z · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Assessing sustainability of Lifestyle Education for Activity Program (LEAP)
Saunders, R. P., Pate, R. R., Dowda, M., Ward, D. S., Epping, J. N., & Dishman, R. K. (2012) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/cyr111 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citation
Factors Influencing Implementation of Youth Physical Activity Interventions: An Expert Perspective
Lau, E. Y., Wandersman, A. H., & Pate, R. R. (2016) · Translational Journal of the American College of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1249/tjx.0000000000000006 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citation
A qualitative study of staff's perspectives on implementing an after school program promoting youth physical activity
Zarrett, N. R., Cook, B. S., Wilson, D. K., & McClintock, L. (2012) · Evaluation and Program Planning · doi:10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2011.12.003 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Process evaluation of the Bristol girls dance project
Sebire, S. J., Edwards, M. J., Kesten, J. M., May, T., Banfield, K., Bird, E. L., Tomkinson, K., Blair, P. S., Powell, J. E., & Jago, R. (2016) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3010-4 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Initial Outcomes of a Participatory-Based, Competency-Building Approach to Increasing Physical Education Teachers’ Physical Activity Promotion and Students’ Physical Activity: A Pilot Study
Weaver, R. G., Webster, C. A., Beets, M. W., Brazendale, K., Chandler, J., Schisler, L., & Aziz, M. (2017) · Health Education & Behavior · doi:10.1177/1090198117731600 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Making healthy eating and physical activity policy practice: process evaluation of a group randomized controlled intervention in afterschool programs
Weaver, R. G., Beets, M. W., Hutto, B., Saunders, R. P., Moore, J. B., Turner‐McGrievy, G. M., Huberty, J., Ward, D. S., Pate, R. R., Beighle, A. E., et al. (2015) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/cyv052 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citation
Executive Summary: Healthier Students Are Better Learners
Basch, C. E. (2011) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.2011.00631.x · Cited by 24 · see citing works
La Educación Física escolar en la promoción de la actividad física orientada a la salud en la adolescencia: una revisión sistemática de programas de intervención
Miñano, M. J. C., García, E. F., Rico, E. R., & Ángel, J. B. (2013) · Revista Complutense de Educación · doi:10.5209/rev_rced.2013.v24.n1.41189 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Conceptualizing, Implementing, and Monitoring a Structural Health Promotion Intervention in an Organizational Setting
Saunders, R. P., Evans, A. E., Kenison, K., Workman, L. M., Dowda, M. C., & Chu, Y. H. (2012) · Health Promotion Practice · doi:10.1177/1524839912454286 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citation
Intervention dose estimation in health promotion programmes: a framework and a tool. Application to the diet and physical activity promotion PRALIMAP trial
Legrand, K., Bonsergent, E., Latarche, C., Empereur, F., Collin, J. F., Lecomte, E., Aptel, E., Thilly, N., & Briançon, S. (2012) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/1471-2288-12-146 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Use of Mobile Video Show for Community Behavior Change on Maternal and Newborn Health in Rural Ethiopia
Desta, B. F., Mohammed, H. A., Barry, D., Frew, A. H., Hepburn, K. W., & Claypoole, C. (2014) · Journal of Midwifery & Women s Health · doi:10.1111/jmwh.12111 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
The Effects of Teacher Fidelity of Implementation of Pathways to Health on Student Outcomes
Little, M. A., Riggs, N. R., Shin, H.-S., Tate, E. B., & Pentz, M. A. (2013) · Evaluation & the Health Professions · doi:10.1177/0163278713489879 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Process evaluation of the IDEFICS school intervention: putting the evaluation of the effect on children's objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in context
Verloigne, M., Ahrens, W., Henauw, S. D., Verbestel, V., Mårild, S., Pigeot, I., & Bourdeaudhuij, I. D. (2015) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12353 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Bristol Girls Dance Project: a cluster randomised controlled trial of an after-school dance programme to increase physical activity among 11- to 12-year-old girls
Jago, R., Edwards, M. J., Sebire, S. J., Bird, E. L., Tomkinson, K., Kesten, J. M., Banfield, K., May, T., Cooper, A. R., Blair, P. S., et al. (2016) · Public Health Research · doi:10.3310/phr04060 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
A Review of Implementation Outcome Measures of School‐Based Physical Activity Interventions
Shah, S., Allison, K. R., Schoueri‐Mychasiw, N., Pach, B., Manson, H. E., & Vu‐Nguyen, K. (2017) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/josh.12514 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Testing an Integrated Model of Program Implementation: the Food, Health & Choices School-Based Childhood Obesity Prevention Intervention Process Evaluation
Burgermaster, M., Gray, H. L., Tipton, E., Contento, I. R., & Koch, P. A. (2016) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1007/s11121-016-0736-2 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Evaluating a complex intervention: A process evaluation of a psycho-education program for lung cancer patients receiving palliative radiotherapy
Chan, C. W. H., Richardson, A., & Richardson, J. (2012) · Contemporary Nurse · doi:10.5172/conu.2012.40.2.234 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Effects of a structural intervention and implementation on physical activity among youth in residential children's homes
Dominick, G. M., Saunders, R. P., Dowda, M. C., Kenison, K., & Evans, A. E. (2014) · Evaluation and Program Planning · doi:10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2014.05.011 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citation
Examining reach, dose, and fidelity of the “Girls on the Move” after-school physical activity club: a process evaluation
Robbins, L. B., Ling, J., Törüner, E. K., Bourne, K. A., & Pfeiffer, K. A. (2016) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3329-x · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Is level of implementation linked with intervention outcomes? Process evaluation of the TransformUs intervention to increase children’s physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviour
Koorts, H., Timperio, A. F., Abbott, G., Arundell, L., Ridgers, N. D., Cerin, E., Brown, H. E., Daly, R. M., Dunstan, D. W., Hume, C., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-022-01354-5 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Strategies for enhancing the implementation of school-based policies or practices targeting diet, physical activity, obesity, tobacco or alcohol use
Lee, D. C. W., O’Brien, K. M., McCrabb, S., Wolfenden, L., Tzelepis, F., Barnes, C., Yoong, S., Bartlem, K. M., & Hodder, R. K. (2024) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd011677.pub4 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Implementation evaluation of a professional development program for comprehensive school physical activity leaders
Carson, R. L., Kuhn, A. P., Moore, J. B., Castelli, D. M., Beighle, A. E., Hodgin, K. L., & Dauenhauer, B. D. (2020) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101109 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Process Evaluation of Making HEPA Policy Practice
Weaver, R. G., Moore, J. B., Huberty, J., Freedman, D. A., Turner-McGrievy, B. M., Beighle, A. E., Ward, D. S., Pate, R. R., Saunders, R. P., Brazendale, K., et al. (2016) · Health Promotion Practice · doi:10.1177/1524839916647331 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citation
Technology to Facilitate Progress Monitoring of Infant–Toddler Growth and Development: Measuring Implementation in Community-Based Agencies
Buzhardt, J. F., Leonard, J., Ai, J., Higgins, S. K., Greenwood, C. R., Consolver, K., Walker, D., & Carta, J. J. (2022) · Journal of Special Education Technology · doi:10.1177/01626434221108882 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Process evaluation of an elementary school health learning intervention in Finland
Sormunen, M., Saaranen, T. K., Tossavainen, K., & Turunen, H. E. (2012) · Health Education · doi:10.1108/09654281211217795 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Running With and Like my Dog: An Animate Curriculum for Living Life Beyond the Track
Lloyd, R. (2011) · Journal of Curriculum Theorizing · doi:10.63997/jct.v27i3.172 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Combining Effect and Process Evaluation on European Preschool Children’s Snacking Behavior in a Kindergarten-Based, Family-Involved Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial: The ToyBox Study
Craemer, M. D., Verbestel, V., Verloigne, M., Androutsos, O., Moreno, L. A., Iotova, V., Koletzko, B. V., Socha, P., Μanios, Y., & Cardon, G. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17197312 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Physical activity and nutrition program for adults with metabolic syndrome: Process evaluation
Tran, V. D., Jancey, J. M., Lee, A. H., James, A. P., Howat, P. A., & Phượng, L. T. (2016) · Evaluation and Program Planning · doi:10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2016.12.012 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
A Summary of One Research Team’s Contributions to Understanding Physical Activity Behavior in Children and Youth
Pate, R. R., Dishman, R. K., Dowda, M. C., McIver, K. L., Pfeiffer, K. A., Porter, D. E., Saunders, R. P., & Ward, D. S. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192114136 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citation
Location, Timing, and Social Structure Patterns Related to Physical Activity Participation in Weight Loss Programs
Gay, J. L., & Trevarthen, G. (2012) · Health Education & Behavior · doi:10.1177/1090198111435987 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Process evaluation of the implementation of scorecard-based antenatal risk assessment, care pathways and interdisciplinary consultation: the Healthy Pregnancy 4 All study
Vos, A. A., van Voorst, S. F., Posthumus, A. G., Waelput, A. J. M., Denktaş, S., & Steegers, E. A. P. (2017) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2017.05.010 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Psychological support and behaviour change interventions during the perioperative period for people with a cancer diagnosis; Consensus statements for use from Macmillan, The Royal College of Anaesthetists and the National Institute for Health Research.Preprint
Copeland, R. J., Campbell, A., Danjoux, G. R., Grimmett, C., Hyman, P., Humphreys, L. J., Roberts, A., Rosario, D. J., & Simcock, R. (2020) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/bt5qa · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Process Evaluation of a Cooking Circle Program in the Arctic: Developing the Mukluk Logic Model and Identifying Key Enablers and Barriers for Program Implementation
Dedyukina, L., Wolki, C., Wolki, D., Wesche, S. D., Kenny, T., & Skinner, K. A. (2023) · Canadian Journal of Program Evaluation · doi:10.3138/cjpe-2023-0031 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Large-Scale Physical Education Interventions: Past, Present, and Future
Castelli, D. M., & Chen, A. (2018) · Kinesiology Review · doi:10.1123/kr.2018-0021 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Assessing the fidelity of delivery of an intervention to increase attendance at the English Stop Smoking Services
Sweeney‐Magee, M., Kale, D., Galton, S., Hamill, A., & Gilbert, H. M. (2016) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/s13012-016-0498-z · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Inside Out: Program Integrity and Effectiveness of the Cognitive-Behavioural Program EQUIP for Incarcerated Youth
Helmond, P. (2013) · Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Developing a mixed methods framework for process evaluations of complex interventions: the case of the National Exercise Referral Scheme Policy Trial in Wales
Moore, G. F. (2010) · ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Effects of the DAGIS randomized controlled trial on home environment and children’s food consumption according to the degree of implementation
Lehto, R., Vepsäläinen, H., Lehtimäki, A.-V., Lehto, E., Leppänen, M. H., Skaffari, E., Abdollahi, A. M., Roos, E., Erkkola, M., & Ray, C. (2022) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-022-14639-y · Cited by 4 · see citing works
ESTUDIO DE LOS ESTEREOTIPOS DE GÉNERO VINCULADOS CON LA ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA Y EL DEPORTE EN LOS CENTROS DOCENTES DE EDUCACIÓN PRIMARIA Y SECUNDARIA: EVOLUCIÓN Y VIGENCIA. DISEÑO DE UN PROGRAMA INTEGRAL DE ACCIÓN EDUCATIVA
García, E. F., Miñano, J. C., Sierra, M. Á., Galiano, I., Bañuelos, F. S., & Sánchez, M. S. (2007) · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Exploration of the experiences, practices and needs of health promotion professionals when evaluating their interventions and programmes
Legrand, K., Minary, L., & Briançon, S. (2018) · Evaluation and Program Planning · doi:10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2018.06.003 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Pohybová aktivita a sportovní preference adolescentek
Neuls, F., & Frömel, K. (2016) · doi:10.5507/ftk.16.24450902 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Physical Activity and Obesity Prevention
Zarrett, N. R., & Wilson, D. K. (2012) · Issues in children's and families' lives · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3606-5_8 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
What contextual features affect the outcome and sustainability of therapeutic patient education interventions?
Rat, A., Minary, L., Ayav, C., Kivits, J., & Ricci, L. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0292360 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Protocol of a cluster randomised trial of BodyKind: a school-based body image programme for adolescents
Mahon, C., Hamburger, D., Webb, J. B., Yager, Z., Howard, E., Booth, A., & Fitzgerald, A. (2023) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-023-17002-x · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Objective assessment and modification of physical activity and health indices in adolescent females
Harrington, D. (2010) · University of Limerick Institutional Repository (University of Limerick) · doi:10.34961/6323 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
A Comprehensive Planning Framework for Designing Effective Physical Activity Interventions in Youth
Saunders, R. P., Dowda, M. C., Dishman, R. K., & Pate, R. R. (2024) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2023-0178 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citation
Implementation and effectiveness of a school-based intervention to increase adherence to national school meal guidelines: a non-randomised controlled trial
Randby, J. S., Ogden, T., & Lien, N. (2024) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980023002938 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Perceptions of Program Quality and Fidelity of an Arts-Based After School Program: A Process Evaluation
Gay, J. L., & Corwin, S. (2015) · Current Issues in Education · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The role of Physical Education in the promotion of health-oriented physical activity in adolescence: a systematic review of intervention programs
Miñano, M. J. C., García, E. F., Rico, E. R., & Ángel, J. B. (2013) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
A Diabetic Adolescent Case Study: Use of a Website in Combination with an Exercise Program to Increase Physical Activity
Buckley, D., DeMilia, N., Tanzi, S., Xu, F., & Lamont, L. S. (2012) · International journal of exercise science · doi:10.70252/bqtq6686 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Des vacances pour les jeunes de la rue ? Perspective d’intervenants sur le projet Répit-Urbain
Perreault, M., Laurier, C., Mousseau, M., White, N. D., & Ferrari, B. (2009) · Drogues santé et société · doi:10.7202/037566ar · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Evaluating implementation fidelity of a school-based physical education intervention: effects on child physical activity
Cepni, A. B., Ledoux, T. A., Walsh, D. W., & Johnston, C. A. (2025) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/cyaf047 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Physical Activity Interventions in Middle School and High School Girls A Review
Larson, J. N., Hannon, J. C., & Brusseau, T. A. (2015) · Sport Science Review · doi:10.1515/ssr-2015-0008 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Scientific Contributions of the Children’s Physical Activity Research Group
Pate, R. R., Lau, E. Y., Flynn, J. I., McDonald, S. M., Clennin, M. N., & Schenkelberg, M. A. (2015) · Scholar Commons (University of South Carolina) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citation
Teaching Physical Education: The Challenge for Further Education and Training Life Orientation Teachers in a Rural Area
Visagie, D. A., & Sedibe, M. (2015) · Studies of Tribes and Tribals · doi:10.1080/0972639x.2015.11886716 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Association between Implementation and Effect in the Randomized Controlled Trial “Move for Well-Being in School”
Smedegaard, S., Christiansen, L. B., Brondeel, R., & Skovgaard, T. (2021) · Advances in Physical Education · doi:10.4236/ape.2021.112011 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The effectiveness of obesity prevention approaches targeting children aged 5–12 years delivered in primary schools
Hodder, R. K., Wolfenden, L., O’Brien, K. M., Barnes, C., Brown, A., & Stacey, F. G. (2019) · doi:10.57022/lowm3578 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Project shine: A family-based intervention for improving physical activity, sedentary behavior, and diet in African American adolescents
George, S., & Mijares, S. (2014) · Scholar Commons (University of South Carolina)
Promoting active transport to school : evaluation of the Ride2School program
Crawford, S. B. (2011)
Qualitative Analysis of Program Evaluation Studies Using Qualitative Methods in Social welfare Literature
Wuk, J.-S., & 장연진 (2013) · Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies · doi:10.16999/kasws.2013.44.4.321

Implementation of a school environment intervention to increase physical activity in high school girls
Ward, D. S., Saunders, R. P., Felton, G., Williams, E., Epping, J. N., & Pate, R. R. (2006) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/cyl134 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Self-citation
Long-Term Effects of a Physical Activity Intervention in High School Girls
Pate, R. R., Saunders, R. P., Dishman, R. K., Addy, C. L., Dowda, M. C., & Ward, D. S. (2007) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2007.06.005 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-citation
Assessing sustainability of Lifestyle Education for Activity Program (LEAP)
Saunders, R. P., Pate, R. R., Dowda, M., Ward, D. S., Epping, J. N., & Dishman, R. K. (2012) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/cyr111 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citation
Enjoyment mediates effects of a school-based physical-activity intervention
DISHMAN, R. K., MOTL, R. W., SAUNDERS, R., FELTON, G., WARD, D. S., DOWDA, M., & PATE, R. R. (2005) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000155391.62733.a7 · Cited by 474 · see citing works
Self-citation
Factors that Influenced Implementation and Receptivity of a Physical Activity Intervention for Adolescent Girls
Barr‐Anderson, D. J., Gittelsohn, J., & Young, D. R. (2007) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000273260.21374.8d

Authors: Saunders, R. P., Ward, D., Felton, G. M., Dowda, M., & Pate, R. R.
Affiliations: University of South Carolina (US)
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
Corresponding author: Saunders, Ruth P.
ORCID: Saunders, Ruth P.
Ward, Dianne
Dowda, Marsha
Pate, Russell R.
Venue: Evaluation and Program Planning
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2006-11
Volume: 29
Issue: 4
Pages: 352-364
ISSN: 0149-7189 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2006.08.006
OpenAlex: W2026231518
Cited by: 112
References: 40
Citations by year: 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 15
FWCI: 5.80
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Evaluation and Program Planning (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Scholar Commons (University of South Carolina) (submittedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Policy Implementation Science
Health Sciences › Health Professions › Speech and Hearing › School Health and Nursing Education
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
Keywords: school-based physical activity intervention, high school girls, program implementation, process evaluation, implementation fidelity, organizational factors, high-intensity exercise, secular trends, intervention delivery

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Examining the link between program implementation and behavior outcomes in the lifestyle education for activity program (LEAP)

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks